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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Asynchronous growth of the canine radius and ulna: effects of cross pinning the radius to the ulna.

Kirschner wires were introduced into the diaphyseal region of the radius and the ulna in 4 Australian shepherd crossbred pups, and change in relationships between the bones during growth was demonstrated. The contributions to longitudinal growth of the radius from proximal and distal growth plates were also calculated. Over the period of growth, the proximal growth plate contributed approximately 40% of the length of the radius. A marked shifting of the radius in relationship with the ulna occurred. This normal shifting between radius and ulna was prevented in 6 dogs by cross pinning the radius to the ulna at 90, 111, 142, and 168 days of age. Marked change was produced in the elbow joint, where altered relationships of articular surfaces of the radius and the ulna resulted in displacement of the humeral condyle from the trochlear notch of the ulna. Changes in dogs cross pinned at 90 and 111 days of age were most severe and consisted of severe degenerative changes which were most marked on the lateral side of the distal half of the trochlear notch of the ulna.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Wafer distal ulna resection for triangular fibrocartilage tears and/or ulna impaction syndrome.

Partial resection of the distal ulna (wafer resection) has been used to treat patients with symptomatic tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex or mild ulna impaction syndrome. In this procedure, the distal 2 to 4 mm of the distal ulnar head is resected while preserving the ulnar styloid process and the ligaments attached to it. The triangular fibrocartilage is debrided, repaired, or partially excised as necessary. The procedure is contraindicated if there is more than 4 mm of positive ulnar variance. Thirteen wafer resections of the distal ulna were performed in 12 patients. All had good to excellent results after a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Wafer resection has specific advantages and avoids many of the potential complications of distal ulna recession and ulnar head resection for patients with the conditions described. The procedure is not indicated if instability or degenerative arthritis of the distal radioulnar joint is present or if there is carpal instability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Comparative increases of lead and barium with age in human tooth enamel, rib and ulna.

Lead and Ba in postmortem tooth enamel, rib and ulna of six contemporary people (67-96 years; ave. 80) were shown to exhibit similar accumulations with age in the three different types of osseous tissue: Pb/Ca (wt) = 3.0, 5.2, and 3.9 x 10(-5) in rib, ulna, and tooth enamel; and Ba/Ca (wt) = 2.4, 2.4, and 1.8 x 10(-5) in rib, ulna, and tooth enamel, respectively. Mean concentrations of Pb were 11, 19, and 14 micrograms g-1 in rib (ash), ulna (ash), and enamel (dry), respectively. Means for Ba were 8.7, 8.9, and 6.4 micrograms g-1 in rib (ash), ulna (ash), and enamel (dry), respectively. Comparison of Ba in ulna of our 80-year-old subjects with Ba determined by other investigators in bones of younger contemporary populations indicated that Ba accumulates with age at about half the rate of Pb accumulation in bone. Concentrations of Ba in rib, ulna and enamel were positively correlated and similar within an individual, but varied among subjects in proportion to variations in absorptive uptake in portal blood. Barium may diffuse from a blood-dentine source into enamel, where it replaces Ca and accumulates with age. Because of extreme Pb pollution of our 80-year-old subjects and its variation of intake with age, the correlation of Pb in tooth enamel with Pb in bone was more scattered than for Ba. It is shown by means of stable Pb isotopic tracers that: (i) among the three types of osseous tissue, the residence time of Pb is longest in enamel, where it apparently accumulates with age by diffusion with little loss through exchange; and (ii) the residence time of Pb is longer in compact ulna than in trabecular rib, as it accompanies Ca in its osteoblastic transfer from blood to bone and then in its osteoclastic transfer back to blood from bone.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The distal joint of the radius and ulna. Diagnostic studies and treatment rationale.

Three areas of functional anatomy are present in the distal ulna. Each of these has a specific function in load bearing of the wrist, rotation of the forearm, and maintenance of the relationship between the radius and ulna. The distal portion of the ulna serves as a suspensory post for ligaments that stabilize the ulnar border of the wrist. The midportion of the distal ulna contains the load-bearing triangular fibrocartilage complex. The proximal portion of the distal ulna articulates with the radius at the sigmoid notch and participates in forearm rotation. Each of these areas is assessed in problems related to ligament instability, load bearing, and range of motion. Mechanical problems that affect the distal joint of the radius and ulna include the affects of trauma, degenerative change, and inflammatory disease. Each of these requires evaluation in the treatment of joint derangement. Diagnostic studies that relate to problems in the distal radioulnar joint area include standard roentgenographs, arthrograms, magnetic resonance (MR) scanning, and arthroscopy. Each of these studies has particular advantages and disadvantages in providing data for analysis of joint malfunction. A medical history, physical examination, and use of proper diagnostic studies will assist in an appropriate diagnosis of problems in the distal joint of the radius and ulna.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatigue fracture of the ulna occurring in pitchers of fast-pitch softball.

We have reported three cases of fatigue fracture of the ulna in male pitchers of fast-pitch softball. To elucidate the etiology of injury, we first selected three healthy male and three healthy female pitchers from a well-trained college team and analyzed their forearm movement by high-speed cinematography. This showed slight flexion of the elbow joints during wind-up motion, dorsal flexion of the hand joints upon releasing the ball, and extreme pronation of the forearms during the follow-through. We then took 8 mm CT scanning sections of the forearms. Using these images, we investigated shapes and areas of cross-sections of the ulna and its cortical and cancellous bones from the elbow to the hand joints. Our results reveal that the shapes of the sections are significantly different from circles at around the center of the ulna, and the cross-sectional areas are smaller in the middle one-third of the ulna than in other parts. These observations imply that fatigue fractures of the ulna in pitchers of fast-pitch softball must be torsionally induced, tending to occur at the middle one-third of the bone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Bone response to unphysiological mechanical stress. A histomorphological study on modelling and remodelling of Martin's transformation zone in the ulna].

In this study the morphological changes in the shape and structure of the ulna were investigated following resection of a mid-shaft segment in the radius. These morphological alterations are called in German "Martin'sche Umbauzone" (MUZ; Martin's transformation zone). Various explanations for the MUZ can be found in the literature; Wolff's law, in particular, offers hints about the development of this phenomenon. The morphological changes in the ulna were investigated by microangiography, polarized light and fluorescence microscopy as well as by micro-radiography. The radius was operated on in 36 mongrel dogs. The development and localization of new bone formation at the endosteal and periosteal envelope of the ulna were studied. The woven bone formation of the envelopes (modelling) and the intracortical remodelling in the distal part of the ulnae were compared with the intact ulnae of the opposite extremities. It is concluded from these morphological alterations that the experimental design chosen provides a valuable, tissue-related model for the investigation of morphogenesis in bones. Further investigations will deal with the correlation between strain and new bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris tenodesis of the unstable distal ulna.

A procedure for stabilizing the distal ulna using the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris is described. Seven patients who had sustained posttraumatic distal ulnar dorsal instability and articular degeneration and one patient with instability caused by rheumatoid arthritis were operated on. All eight obtained stable ulnae with mean motion of 62 degrees of supination and 86 degrees of pronation (mean increase of 32 degrees of supination and 43 degrees of pronation). Follow-up averaged 28 months (range, 18 to 63 months). The tenodesis, using a weave of a distally-based slip of flexor carpi ulnaris and a proximally-based slip of extensor carpi ulnaris combined with a Darrach procedure, is a reliable, reproducible salvage procedure for stabilizing the degenerated distal radioulnar joint and for salvaging the symptomatic unstable ulna after excessive distal ulna resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Matched distal ulna resection for posttraumatic disorders of the distal radioulnar joint.

In 1985 we published the results of the matched ulna resection in 44 patients, the majority of whom had rheumatoid arthritis. The matched ulna resection maintains the continuity of the distal ulna to the ulnar sling mechanism, including the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), and resects the distal ulna in a smooth, curved, convex fashion to match the contour of the radius throughout forearm rotation. This article presents the results of the procedure in patients with posttraumatic and mechanical disorders of the distal radioulnar joint. Good to excellent results were noted in 24 of 32 patients. The outcome was related to the severity of the patient's initial problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Stress distribution in the ulna following a hinged elbow arthroplasty. A finite element analysis.

The failure rates for total elbow arthroplasty, in comparison to those for hip arthroplasty, are quite high, and a precise understanding of the underlying causes still remains elusive. The presence of abnormal stresses is a known factor that accelerates loosening of hip and knee arthroplasties. Although a large number of biomechanical studies have led to a better understanding of elbow joint kinetics, very little is known about the stress distribution in this joint. The implantation of a Coonrad humeral component increases stresses in the bone and cement adjacent to the stem tip and hinge regions. An analysis of implanted ulnar stresses and a comparison of those stresses to implanted humeral stresses would improve our understanding of hinged elbow arthroplasty. For this reason, the distribution of mechanical stresses in the ulna are investigated in this study. Using a specially developed casting and sectioning technique, three-dimensional finite element meshes were obtained from an intact human cadaver ulna and an ulna fitted with a Coonrad prosthesis. The material properties were derived from values presented in the literature. Stress distributions in response to axial compression, axial torque, and anteroposterior (AP) force were computed. The cancellous bone and cement regions adjacent to the stem tip of the prosthesis exhibited higher stresses than those in the same regions of the intact case. The higher stresses in the ulna with an implanted prosthesis, as compared to the intact model, might initiate loosening or failure of the prosthesis. The stresses in the cortical bone region adjacent to the prosthesis head were decreased. This is consistent with the clinical observations of bone atrophy following total elbow arthroplasty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Partial resection of the ulna as a diaphyseal bone defect model in the dog].

A 25-mm periosteal cylinder was removed from the middle of the ulna in fully grown mongrel dogs. A silastic block was interposed and the defect was fixed by a plate. Eight weeks later, the block was removed. During the following 24 weeks, spontaneous bone regeneration was evaluated by radiologic and histomorphometric evidence. In a second series, three screws were placed transversely to the longitudinal axis from the ulna into the radius to stabilize the partial resected ulna. The observation period after silastic removal was 16 weeks. Evaluation was based on radiology and on Indian ink stain of the vessels. Plate fixation provides an essentially stable defect model, with partly considerable bone apposition to the proximal area of resection. This is explained by the entry of the only nutrient artery into the proximal diaphyseal third. No instance of spontaneous defect healing following plate fixation was observed. The transverse fixation of the ulna revealed early radiologic signs of instability.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Bone strength of the radius and ulna in the non-human primate.

The technique and measurement of the bone strength of the radius and ulna in the non-human primate are presented. The aim of this study was to find a relationship between the mechanical strength of an intact radius and ulna forearm and its collateral isolated radius and isolated ulna which would be of assistance in the studies on mechanical bone strength and bone healing. The findings include: (1) bone strength is significantly influenced by factors such as age, sex, and body weight; (2) wide variation in normal bone-tissue strength exists among similar individuals; (3) there are differences in bone strength in the same individual if contralateral sides are compared; (4) growing bones are very elastic and are able to bend to an angle of up to 90 degrees before a fracture occurs; (5) soft tissue structures (such as muscle, interosseous membrane, and tendons) do not contribute to the strength of a diaphysis in low velocity injuries; and (6) the midshaft area of the radius is approximately 10% stronger than that of the ulna in the adult.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Compression-plate fixation in acute diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna.

At the Campbell Clinic and City of Memphis Hospital from 1960 to 1970, 244 patients (216 with closed and twenty-eight with open fractures) had 330 acute diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna which were treated with ASIF compression plates and followed for from four months to nine years. One hundred and twelve patients had fractures of both bones of the forearm; fifty, single fractures of the ulna; and eighty-two, single fractures of the radius. In all, 193 fractures of the radius and 137 fractures of the ulna were treated by compression plating. Sixty-three patients (25.9 per cent) with severely comminuted fractures also had iliac-bone grafts. The over-all rate of union for the radius was 97.9 per cent and for the ulna, 96.3 per cent. ASIF compression plates, therefore, provided a successful method for obtaining union and restoring optimum function after acute diaphyseal fractures of the forearm.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

[Biomechanical investigations on the parry fracture of the ulna (author's transl)].

108 ulnae from the cadavers of 50 men and 6 women were fractured in four positions with a tension testing machine with electronic measurement of force. Stress-strain-diagrams were registered, and the values of breaking load, breaking energy, breaking stress and ultimate deflection were correlated to the areas of cross sections of compacta and medulla. Breaking load and breaking energy decrease distally: medium breaking load in the upper portion of the ulna about 320 kp, in the lower portion about 100 kp; breaking energy in the upper portion about 65 kpcm, in the lower about 20 kpcm. Breaking stress is greatest in the middle portion of the ulna (19 kp/mm-2 in contrast to 11-14 kp/mm-2 near the joints). With increasing age the cross sections of the medulla increase significantly, but breaking load, breaking energy, breaking stress and area of cross section of the compacta decrease significantly. Ulnae from females are less resistant than those from males. Intact periosteum rises resistance to breaking and ultimate deflection. Experimental data agree with clinical observations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Excision of the distal ulna in rheumatoid arthritis.

Resection of the ulna is an effective operation in the treatment of rheumatoid disorders of the distal radioulnar joint. Tenosynovectomies of the overlying extensor tendons and synovectomy of the joint are integral parts of the procedure. Following resection, the ulna usually remains in alignment with the radius, although some dorsal displacement is common. Restoring stability to the ulna as well as reconstructing a new sheath for the extensor carpi ulnaris can be accomplished in most cases by using the extensor retinaculum. In those cases where the retinaculum has been destroyed by the disease process or when the distal ulna is severely displaced, stability can be restored using the extensor carpi ulnaris for a tenodesis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1990

[Normal radiologic anatomic variants and X-ray findings of hypervitaminosis D of the ulna, radius and carpal bones in children].

The forearm and wrist radiographs in 400 children with age ranging from 2 months to 2 1/2 years were analyzed. Comparatively, x-ray films and their correlated macrosections of the wrist of 14 children's cadavers about the same age were studied. Alternate lines of increased, decreased, and increased density at the distal metaphysis of the ulna and radius were accountable. All these are normal variants of the development of the ulna and radius of infants. A series of abnormal x-ray signs were demonstrated in children administered over 100,000 IU of vitamin D every month on the average. These signs are blurred cortical bone with linear periosteal reaction, disorganization of the cortical bone, osteoporosis, cortical thickening and sclerosis of the ulna and radius, dense and thick calcified ring of ossification nuclei of the carpale, and dense metaphyseal band of the ulna and radius. The more vitamin D was administered, the more frequently abnormal x-ray signs occurred. These signs coincide with the results of radiopathologic and microangiographic correlations of hypervitaminosis D in animals, an experiment we had made before. The x-ray findings of hypervitaminosis D are very complicated. Only based on a series of x-ray signs rather than a single dense metaphyseal band could a radiologic diagnosis of hypervitaminosis D be made.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1976

Management of massive defects in radius and ulna following wringer injury. A case report.

An unusual case of wringer injury in a 29-month-old child demonstrates extensive loss of the diaphysis of both the radius and ulna. Reconstruction consisted of cortico-cancellous autogenous tibial bone grafting of the radius and ulna in two stages. Follow-up of 24 years showed remodeling and good alignment of the entire radius and ulna, culminating in a good functional and cosmetic result. Extensive soft tissue damage and decreased blood supply result in bone necrosis. There is no reason to bone graft the radius and ulna at the same time.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1991

Pseudoarthrosis of the ulna in neurofibromatosis. A report of four cases.

Four children suffering from neurofibromatosis with ulnar pseudarthrosis and progressive reabsorption of the middle and distal thirds of the ulna are reported. None had any pain or sensory loss, but all had progressive deformity of the forearm. Instability of the elbow and wrist were present in three cases, while one case showed good stability and function. A cross-union of the ulna with the radius to produce a one-bone forearm was accomplished using screw fixation and iliac bone grafting, and a one-bone forearm was achieved in three cases. Non-operative management was decided on in the patient with slow ulna reabsorption. The creation of a one-bone forearm is more likely to produce sound union, thus avoiding the need for further operations, while conservative management should be reserved for patients with a slowly progressive condition.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1976

The distribution of cortical and trabecular bone mass along the lengths of the radius and ulna and the implications for in vivo bone mass measurements.

The amounts of cortical and trabecular bone mineral mass were measured by means of microdissection and an ashing technique at approximately 2.5 mm intervals along the most distal 12 cm of radii and ulnae from four women aged 21, 43, 63, and 85. The data show that the distributions of mineral mass and percentage of trabecular bone are similar in both bones. At sites in the radius and ulna commonly used in the photon absorptiometric method of bone mineral mass measurement the percentage of trabecular bone varies between 10% and 50%. The percentage of trabecular bone in the most distal 10% of the length of the radius and ulna remains approximately constant with age but the percentage in the segment which lies between 30% and 40% of the length, measured from the styloid process, increases with age.

Adult↗