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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Correlation of resistance and H2O2 production in Ulmus pumila and Ulmus campestris cell suspension cultures inoculated with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.

The Dutch elm disease (DED) pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Buissm. elicited the production of H2O2 in cell suspension cultures of the resistant species Ulmus pumila L. This response was not observed in suspensions of the susceptible elm U. campestris Mill. H2O2 production started after a lag time of 30-40 min following inoculation, peaked between 4 and 6 h and lasted up to 24 h. Treatment of the suspensions with exogenously added H2O2 did not cause accumulation of the sesquiterpene phytoalexins mansonones nor of the coumarin scopoletin. Spore germination and growth of O. novo-ulmi were significantly delayed with different amounts of H2O2 (0.1-1 mM). These results suggest that H2O2 production is an inducible defence response which may contribute to DED resistance by delaying the growth of the pathogen at the earliest stages of infection. Whether H2O2 is involved in other elm defence responses to the pathogen is presently unknown, but its production seems to be an independent event from phytoalexin formation.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cosmeceutical properties of polysaccharides from the root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica.

In Korea and China, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica has been used as a traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of difficulty in urination, skin inflammation, etc. In order to investigate the potential of a polysaccharide extract from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica as a cosmetic ingredient, we measured its moisturizing effect, photo-induced cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory effect. After hydrolysis, HPLC experiments showed that the composition of the polysaccharide extract was mainly rhamnose, galactose, and glucose. The molecular weight of the obtained Ulmus davidiana root extract was 20,000. The intrinsic viscosity was 90 dl/g. In a moisturizing test conducted through the measurement of water loss in a desiccator and of moisture content with a Corneometer CM820, Ulmus davidiana root extract showed almost the same moisturizing effect as hyaluronic acid. In an assay for inhibition of the H(2)O(2)-activated release of PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8 in normal human fibroblast cell lines, Ulmus davidiana root extract showed an inhibitory activity of PGE2 release in a dose-dependent manner (up to 85.9% at a concentration of 0.1%). The percent inhibition of the release of IL-6 was in the range of 45.6% to 64.5% (H(2)O(2) was used as the positive control). Moreover, the release of IL-8 was completely inhibited in the entire concentration range (>0.0025%). In a test of recovery from photo-induced damage after UVA irradiation (3 J/cm(2)), the cell recovery of human fibroblasts increased to levels two times higher than that of the positive control, which was UVA-damaged cells in the absence of Ulmus davidiana root extract (up to 60.2% at 3.0% of Ulmus davidiana root extract). In a photo-induced cytotoxicity assay in the presence of promethazine as a photosensitizer, Ulmus davidiana root extract showed approximately 48% of the increased cell viability of the control. Therefore, Ulmus davidiana root extract may be useful for the development of a cosmetic ingredient.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2003

[Spatial heterogeneity of Ulmus pumila open forest ecosystem in Otindag sandy land].

Ulmus pumila open forest ecosystem plays an important role in Otindag Sandy Land. Using biostatistics (U test and Pearson correlation analysis) and geostatistics (Semivariogram analysis and Kriging interpolation), the spatial heterogeneity of soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil pH (SpH), soil water content (SWC), and the correlations between them, as well as their relationships with herbaceous coverage (HC) and Ulmus pumila were studied. The results showed that spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence were apparent in SOM, STN, SpH, SWC and HC. With Kriging interpolation in the sampling area, the contour maps for these properties were drawn. Using the contour maps, the relationship between Ulmus pumila and spatial heterogeneity of the studied properties was investigated. The possible reason for the formation of fertility island under the Ulmus pumila trees in the ecosystem was discussed.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed2006

[The effects of the ulmus root-bark dressing in tissue regeneration of induced pressure ulcers in rats].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the ulmus root-bark dressing on tissue regeneration in experimentally-induced pressure ulcers in rats. METHOD: A randomized pretest/post-test control group time-series study design was used. Thirty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The rats were anesthetized with 100 mg/kg of ketamine. Pressure ulcers were induced at 140 mmHg for three hours using a personally-designed pressing apparatus. For four weeks, the ulmus root-bark dressing was applied every other day in the experimental group (n=18) and a wet gauze dressing in the control group (n=15). For data analysis, the statistical program SPSS WIN 12 was used. The wounds were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy. RESULT: There were significant statistical differences in the size of the pressure ulcers as time went by (p=0.006). It should be noted that there were no significant statistical differences in the number of capillaries. Using light microscopy the inflammatory infiltration and neovascularization in the dermis in the experimental group emerged densely in the early stages, but recovered rapidly at the latter stages. In addition, the reepithelization of the epidermis occurred earlier than in the control group. By electron microscopy, the cell organelles of the capillary endothelial cells and the basal lamina of capillaries in the experimental group showed a more rapid maturation during the latter stages, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: According to this study, it can be concluded that the ulmus root-bark dressing is effective regarding the healing of pressure ulcers.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Preference of temperate Chinese elms (Ulmus spp.) for the adult Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

Trees of newly acquired Ulmus species originating from the temperate regions of China and growing at The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, were evaluated in no-choice and multiple-choice laboratory bioassays and cage-studies for feeding preference for adults of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman. Ulmus lanceaefolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis were less preferred for feeding by adult Japanese beetles. No-choice, multiple-choice, and cage feeding studies revealed that Ulmus wallichiana was moderately preferred, and U. procera and U. americana were highly preferred for feeding. Dry fecal pellet weights were strongly correlated with the percent of leaf tissue removed. Feeding preference in the multiple-choice study was strongly correlated with feeding preference in the cage study and in the no-choice study. Likewise, adult feeding preference in the cage study was strongly correlated with preference in the multiple-choice and no-choice studies. The less preferred species of U. lanceafolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis show promise for future elm breeding programs.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Suppressive effects of a water extract of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) has long been known to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on damaged tissue, inflammation and bone resorption. Therefore, this study was undertaken to address (1) whether the water extract of the bark of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) (UD) can modulate the expression of inducible inflammatory cytokines in mice; (2) in order to assess the therapeutic effects of UD in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. After a second collagen immunization, mice were treated with UD orally at 100mg/kg once a day for 3 weeks. Paws were evaluated macroscopically for redness, swelling and deformities. The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the ankle were examined. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation. Administration of UD significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and inhibited the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the paws. The erosion of cartilage was dramatically reduced in mouse knees after treatment with UD. In the serum of UD-treated mice, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokines, were increased. From the results, it was concluded that administration of UD has therapeutic effects on CIA including protection of cartilage and RA for a potential therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Stimulative effects of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) has long been known to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on damaged tissue, inflammation and bone among other functions. To treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a herbal medicine, Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) extract (UD) is being used in traditional oriental medicine. The effect of UD on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in non-transformed osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) was studied. UD dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis (significant at 5-20 microg/ml). UD increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and prolyl hydroxylase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells (5-20 microg/ml). Antiestrogen tamoxifen eliminated the stimulation of proliferation and ALP activity of MC3T3-E1, which was induced by UD. UD at concentrations ranged from 30 to 100 microg/ml inhibited prostaglandin E2 production in MC3T3-E1. These results indicate that UD directly stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. These results also suggest and UD is effective for bone anti-resorptive action in bone cells.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2004

Effects of sand burial on survival, growth, gas exchange and biomass allocation of Ulmus pumila seedlings in the Hunshandak Sandland, China.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In the last decade, the number of young plants of Ulmus pumila in the Hunshandak Sandland has decreased sharply because of severe sand burial, and their ecological protective function has been weakened. In order to develop an understanding of the tolerance of U. pumila to sand burial and to suggest reasonable measures to protect the sparse-elm-grassland ecosystem, the effects of burial on the survival, growth, photosynthesis and biomass allocation in U. pumila were studied. METHODS: Seedlings were buried at five different depths in pot experiments: no burial (control), partial burial (33 % and 67 % stem height), and complete burial (100 % and 133 % stem height). Growth analyses and measurements of photosynthesis were carried after the plants had been uncovered. KEY RESULTS: All the plants survived partial burial, but about 30 % and 80 % of the seedlings died as a result of the 100 % and 133 % sand burial treatments, respectively. The numbers of newly produced leaves and branches, and the height of the stems of the seedlings in the 33 % and 67 % burial treatments during the period of the experiment were significantly greater than those in the control. Furthermore, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were also elevated by the partial burial, but not affected by burial time. This might be attributed to the increased root length, which improved water acquisition. The biomass and biomass allocation of the seedlings were significantly changed by the burial treatments and burial times. The biomass was enhanced by partial burial but was reduced by complete burial at each burial time. However, the biomass allocation was not significantly changed by the 33 % and 67 % sand burial treatments 2 or 4 weeks following the burial. CONCLUSIONS: Ulmus pumila was shown to be tolerant to partial sand burial, but must be protected from complete burial.

Biomass↗
PubMed2001

Resistance of temperate Chinese elms (Ulmus spp.) to feeding by the adult elm leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Newly acquired Ulmus species from the temperate regions of China growing at The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, were evaluated in laboratory bioassays for feeding preference and suitability for larvae and adults of the elm leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta luteola (Müller). Larval and adult no-choice and adult multiple-choice feeding studies revealed that U changii, U. lanceaefolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis were the least suitable for feeding and reproduction by the elm leaf beetle. Ulmus wallichiana and the highly preferred U pumila were more suitable for feeding and reproduction. Suitability had no significant effect on male and female longevity. The least suitable species of U. changii, U. lanceaefolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis show promise for future elm breeding programs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant activity of glycoprotein isolated from Ulmus davidiana Nakai in Triton WR-1339-treated mouse.

The glycoprotein isolated from Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) (UDN glycoprotein) has a molecular weight of 116 kDa and consists of 78.65% carbohydrate content and 21.35% protein content. In the present study, we investigated the hypolipidemic effect of UDN glycoprotein on Triton WR-1339-induced mice. With pretreatment with UDN glycoprotein, the triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were significantly reduced, whereas high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration was increased in the plasma of Triton WR-1339-induced mice. With respect to antioxidative activity, UDN glycoprotein significantly decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and improved activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), without an apparent change of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Also UDN glycoprotein significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) production in Triton WR-1339-induced mice. These results indicate that UDN glycoprotein has a hypolipidemic effect, possesses antioxidant activity and has an ability to stimulate NO production. Thus, we speculate that UDN glycoprotein is an example of natural compound that lowers plasma lipid level together with having an antioxidant function in Triton WR-1339-induced mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaves of Ulmus minor Mill.

Somatic embryogenesis from mature elm ( Ulmus minor Mill.) in vitro-cloned material is possible. Embryogenic callus was obtained from leaves inoculated on two different MS-based media-one supplemented with 2.3 microM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (I2) and the other supplemented with 1.1 microM kinetin (I6). However, only leaves cultured on medium I6 produced somatic embryos, at the globular stage, when embryogenic callus was maintained in induction media. When embryogenic callus from medium I6 was transferred to basal medium, somatic embryos with green cotyledons were obtained. An average of 35.9% of these embryos converted easily into normal plants in conversion medium with 1% sucrose. Acclimatisation reached 39.7%, and this was not significantly different from a control group consisting of plants propagated by axillary buds. No morphological differences were observed between plants derived from somatic embryos and control plants. Also, no differences in ploidy were detected between the somatic embryo-derived plants and the mother plants.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed2004

Micropropagation of mature wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.).

Explants of mature vigorous donor trees of wych elm ( Ulmus glabra Huds.) that had not been previously exposed to Dutch elm disease were investigated for the influence of phytohormones and media on shoot multiplication rates and organogenic capacity. The regenerates were micropropagated from cultures that originated from 15-year-old progeny of plus trees. Two plus trees aged over 70 years showed recalcitrant responses. Thidiazuron in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) induced a significantly higher number of shoots per explant than the most optimal BAP treatment (5.88 vs. 3.05 shoots). Woody plant medium and Dubovský minimal medium had no significant effects on shoot formation and multiplication rates. All plantlets raised in vitro were phenotypically normal and successfully hardened to ex vitro conditions. Two experimental field plots with 3-year-old in vitro-propagated trees were established.

Adenine↗
PubMed2005

116 kDa glycoprotein isolated from Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) inhibits glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO)-induced apoptosis in BNL CL.2 cells.

Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) has been used in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, we investigated the antiapoptotic effect of UDN glycoprotein in glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO)-induced BNL CL.2 cells. To evaluate the antiapoptotic effect of UDN glycoprotein, experiments were carried out using Western blot analysis for nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). We also examined nitric oxide (NO) production and nuclear staining. When BNL CL.2 cells were treated with G/GO (50 mU/ml), viability of the cells was 54.1%. However, the number of living cells after the addition of UDN glycoprotein in the presence of G/GO increased. UDN glycoprotein protected from cell damage caused by G/GO. Interestingly, UDN glycoprotein decreased NF-kappaB activation and stimulated NO production in G/GO-induced BNL CL.2 cells. In apoptotic parameters, UDN glycoprotein inhibited activations of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage in G/GO-induced BNL CL.2 cells. The results of nuclear staining indicated that UDN glycoprotein (50 microg/ml) has a protective ability from apoptotic cell death caused G/GO (50 mU/ml). In conclusion, UDN glycoprotein has a protective effect on apoptosis induced by G/GO through the inhibition of NF-kappaB, caspase-3, and PARP activity, and the stimulation of NO production in BNL CL.2 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Metabolic distinction of Ulmus minor xylem tissues after inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.

Dutch elm disease (DED) is the most devastating and widespread disease of elms. The pathogen, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, spreads systemically causing xylem vessels blocking and cavitation, and ultimately resulting in the development of a wilt syndrome. Twig samples from susceptible and resistant Ulmus minor trees were harvested at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days post-inoculation (dpi) with O. novo-ulmi. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, in tandem with chemometrics, was used to monitor changes in wood chemistry as consequence of infection. Principal component analysis distinguished between spectra from inoculated and control elms, and from susceptible- and resistant-inoculated elms. By 30 dpi, infected xylem showed reduced relative levels of carbohydrates and enhanced relative levels of phenolic compounds, probably due to the degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by fungal enzymes and the synthesis of host defence compounds. On 15 dpi, samples from resistant-inoculated elms showed higher levels of starch than samples from susceptible-inoculated elms, suggesting that availability of starch reserves could affect the tree's capacity for defensive responses. The results showed the power of FT-IR spectroscopy for analysing changes in the major components of elm xylem as consequence of infection by DED, and its potential for detecting metabolic profiles related to host resistance.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed2004

Glycoprotein isolated from Ulmus davidiana Nakai inhibits TPA-induced apoptosis through nuclear factor-kappa B in NIH/3T3 cells.

Glycoprotein of Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN glycoprotein) was isolated and identified using SDS-PAGE. UDN glycoprotein was shown to have strong scavenging activities against oxygen free radicals, as detected by different oxygen-radical formation assays. To investigate the anti-apoptotic effects of UDN glycoprotein, we investigated the activity of protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha), the DNA-binding activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and apoptosis in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated NIH/3T3 cells using a western blot analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and NO assays. Results in this experiment showed that 100 microg/ml of UDN glycoprotein has inhibitory effects on PKCalpha translocation, NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, NO production, and apoptosis in TPA (61.68 ng/ml)-stimulated NIH/3T3 cells. Interestingly however, it could not regulate the DNA binding activity of AP-1. Therefore, UDN glycoprotein, a natural anti-oxidant, is a potential modulator of apoptotic signal pathways in NIH/3T3 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Ulmus minor response to Dutch elm disease: de novo transcriptome assembly and annotation.

Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (ONU), has devastated elm populations across Europe and North America since the 20th century. In this work, a de novo transcriptome assembly of Ulmus minor in response to ONU is presented. We used two DED-resistant genotypes, MDV2.3 and VAD2, and one DED-susceptible genotype, MDV1, to capture responses to ONU at four time points post-inoculation (6, 24, 72, and 144 hours). RNA from collected samples was isolated and sequenced producing 60.88 M 100 bp paired-end reads per sample. We performed a de novo transcriptome assembly combining data from the three genotypes. The assembly was functionally annotated and validated through differential gene expression analysis of the response. This dataset provides a valuable resource for studying molecular mechanisms of DED resistance in elms, contributing to broadening our understanding of tree immunity and facilitating potential applications in functional annotation of future genome assemblies.

Transcriptome↗
PubMed2004

Microbacterium ulmi sp. nov., a xylanolytic, phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from sawdust of Ulmus nigra.

A xylanolytic and phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from sawdust of Ulmus nigra in Salamanca was characterized by a polyphasic approach. The novel strain, designated XIL02(T), was Gram-positive, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. Phylogenetically and chemotaxonomically, it was related to members of the genus Microbacterium. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it is closely related to Microbacterium arborescens and Microbacterium imperiale; however, DNA-DNA hybridization showed reassociation values less than 70 % with the type strains of these species. In chemotaxonomic analyses, the major menaquinones detected were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0); the peptidoglycan was of the type B2beta. The G+C content determined was 69 mol%. Based on the present data, it is proposed that strain XIL02(T) (=LMG 20991(T)=CECT 5976(T)) be classified as the type strain of a novel Microbacterium species, for which the name Microbacterium ulmi sp. nov. is proposed.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2004

Agromyces ulmi sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from Ulmus nigra in Spain.

Two xylan-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from a decayed Ulmus nigra tree in Spain. The isolates were Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic and formed substrate mycelium which fragmented into irregular rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolates form a separate branch within the genus Agromyces phylogenetic cluster, with Agromyces mediolanus DSM 20152(T) being their closest relative (97.7 and 97.6 % sequence similarity). Catalase, nitrate reduction and urease tests differentiated these strains from A. mediolanus. Cell-wall peptidoglycan composition, major menaquinone, predominant fatty acids and phospholipid pattern were typical of the genus Agromyces. The DNA G+C content determined for the type strain XIL01(T) was 72 mol%. Based on the data presented, a novel species Agromyces ulmi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XIL01(T) (=LMG 21954(T)=DSM 15747(T)).

Actinomycetales↗