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Results for “URINARY INCONTINENCE”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, and priapism associated with multifocal distemper encephalomyelitis in a dog.

A 4-year-old castrated mixed-breed dog had atypical signs of chronic distemper encephalomyelitis. The predominant signs were related to visceral rather than somatic dysfunction. The visceral dysfunction was largely attributable to distemper-associated inflammatory lesions in the spinal cord and resulted in fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, and priapism. Empirical treatment of the dog resulted in transitory improvement prior to euthanasia performed because of the progressive nature of the encephalomyelitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Differentiating stress urinary incontinence from urge urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is any involuntary leakage of urine and can be further defined according to the patient's symptoms or complaints. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the complaint of involuntary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing. Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) is characterized by the complaint of involuntary leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency. Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) is the presence of both SUI and UUI symptoms. In order to effectively treat UI, an accurate diagnosis is necessary since treatment of SUI or UUI is very different. Assessment obtaining a detailed medical history includes making general assessments taking into account quality of life (QoL), performing an appropriate physical examination with cough stress test; and simple investigations namely a urinary diary, urine analysis and post-void residual assessment and, occasionally, simple urodynamics. These assessments should suffice to commence conservative treatment. Multichannel urodynamics are required in patients presenting with more complicated UI and prior to surgery.

Cough↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urinary incontinence].

Urinary incontinence, understood as any involuntary loss of urine, constitutes an important medical and social problem. It can be classified as stress urinary incontinence, urgent urinary incontinence or mixed urinary incontinence. The proportions of these three types of urinary incontinence are difficult to establish and vary notably between sources, but they might be about 40, 33 and 20% respectively. Its diagnosis requires a correct clinical history and physical exploration, together with some complementary explorations. The first therapeutic step consists of hygienic-dietary measures and behaviour modification techniques. Pharmacological treatment is specific for each type of urinary incontinence, using anticholinergics and inhibitors of serotonin reuptake. Finally, different surgical techniques have a role in cases where conservative treatments fail or when dealing with severe urinary incontinence.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

A home health perspective on the management of urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence is now recognized as a major health care problem. Approximately 10 to 12 million persons are affected by urinary incontinence. The prevalence of urinary incontinence of noninstitutionalized (community-dwelling) persons older than 60 years ranges from 15% to 30%. Urinary incontinence is twice as common in women as in men. Two landmarks have promoted a greater awareness of urinary incontinence in our society: the National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference on Adult Urinary Incontinence, held in 1988, and the development of the Guideline for Adult Urinary Incontinence by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, in 1992. Urinary incontinence is no longer viewed as an impossible health care problem to manage, with many therapies available. Health care professionals in all arenas, including home health care, are interested in the causes and treatment of urinary incontinence.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1997

Urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection and their resolution with treatment of chronic constipation of childhood.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection in children with chronic constipation and report on the resolution of these with treatment of the underlying constipation. METHODS: We evaluated the frequency of urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection in 234 chronic constipated and encopretic children before, and at least 12 months after, the start of treatment for constipation. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent complained of daytime urinary incontinence and 34% of nighttime urinary incontinence. Urinary tract infection was present in 11% and was more commonly present in girls than in boys (33% vs 3%). Vesicoureteral reflux was present in four and megacystis in four of the 25 children who had a voiding cystourethrogram because of urinary tract infection. One girl who came in had constipation and acute urinary retention. The treatment for constipation consisted of disimpaction and maintenance treatment, which included the prevention of reaccumulation of stools and reconditioning to normal bowel habits through timed toilet sitting. Follow-up, at least 12 months after start of treatment for constipation, revealed that the constipation was relieved successfully in 52%. Relief of constipation resulted in disappearance of daytime urinary incontinence in 89% and nighttime urinary incontinence in 63% of patients, and disappearance of recurrent urinary tract infections in all patients who had no anatomic abnormality of the urinary tract. CONCLUSION: Urinary symptoms were found in a significant number of children who had functional constipation and encopresis. With treatment of the constipation, most patients became clean and dry and further recurrence of urinary tract infections was prevented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

FPSUND: a new clinical classification of urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence is a frequent condition that is usually clinically classified into three main subgroups: urge, stress and mixed. The latter, which can account for up to 50% of the patients, is notoriously heterogeneous. It is one of the reasons why the reports of therapeutic approaches to treat incontinence vary in the medical literature and it also explains the difficulty to compare results between studies. In an attempt to address this problem and to clarify the field of urinary incontinence, we have developed new clinical classification of urinary incontinence (FPSUND) where each symptom related to incontinence is rated from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (severe symptoms). In this acronym, "F" stands for frequency of micturition, "P" for the use of protection, "S" for the stress component of incontinence, "U" for urgency, "N" for the number of nocturnal micturition and "D" for the number of diurnal micturition. Urologists from nine different centers across Canada were asked to evaluate female patients suffering from urinary incontinence using the FPSUND classification. A total of 148 women, aged 18 to 70, suffering from urinary incontinence were thus enrolled in the study. A second, independent evaluation of the same patients was performed by registered nurses or by urodynamic technicians. The reproducibility of the classification between two observers, as measured by the Weighted Kappa score was excellent, with kappa scores between 0.47 and 0.74 (p<0.05). Overall, the users of the classification found it very easy to use in a clinical setting. We would like to propose the FPSUND classification of urinary incontinence as a useful mean to evaluate patients suffering from incontinence and as a way to assess treatment outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Epidemiological aspects of the female urinary incontinence].

Urinary incontinence is defined as an involuntary loss of urine, which makes social and hygienic problem. It is a symptom with different causes. According to the typical clinical manifestation it is classified as stress, urge, reflex and paradox urinary incontinence. Loss of small amount of urine related to the increase of intraabdominal pressure (during coughing, sneezing or running) is characteristic for stress urinary incontinence. Sudden and uncontrollable voiding with loss of greater amount of urine is typical for urge incontinence. Reflex incontinence means that urinary bladder is emptying without voiding. Paradox incontinence is caused by an acquired smooth muscle weakness of the bladder and it manifests with incomplete emptying and with growing residual urine. Prevalence of urinary incontinence increases with age. Significant increase of female urinary incontinence symptoms is found in fifth and sixth decade. Urinary incontinence in young women is more a dynamic than a permanent symptom but the postmenopausal incontinence obviously does not disappear spontaneously. Urge and mixed incontinence are less frequent than stress symptomatology (between 10 and 15%). According to the prevalence studies only 1,5 to 6% of incontinent women are looking for a medical help. Because the urge symptoms are more limiting, the patients with urge incontinence are searching treatment possibilities more often than those with stress incontinence.

Female↗
PubMed2005

[Medical therapy of urinary incontinence].

Urinary incontinence has a high prevalence in both men and women. Women suffer predominantly from stress urinary incontinence and men from urge incontinence. Other types of incontinence are less frequent. Stress urinary incontinence is caused by an insufficient urethral closure mechanism and urge incontinence by uninhibited detrusor contractions. Medical treatment is beside other conservative options and operations only one part of the treatment strategy in incontinence. Duloxetine, a serotonine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is used to treat stress urinary incontinence, can increase activity of the external urethral sphincter and is able to reduce incontinence episodes in up to 64%. Antagonists of muscarinic receptors can reduce urgency, frequency and urge incontinence as well as increase bladder capacity significantly. In Germany, trospium chloride, tolterodine, solifenacin, oxybutynin and propiverine are available to treat urge incontinence. Efficacy of these agents are comparable. However, tolerability is different and side effects, especially dry mouth, often limit their use. None of the agents show ideal efficacy or tolerability in all patients and, therefore, new agents and formulations are currently under clinical investigation.

Cholinergic Antagonists↗
PubMed1993

Intravaginal maximal electrical stimulation in the treatment of urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence imposes a large economic burden, estimated at $10 billion per year. As the cost of health care continues to rise, conservative therapeutic measures are becoming more attractive. Anecdotal reports suggest that electrical stimulation may be up to 87% effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence. Investigators use different stimulation devices and protocols and make a comparison of results difficult. The true efficacy of electrical stimulation for the treatment of urinary incontinence is unknown since there have been no controlled clinical trials. Within our referral-based urogynecology practice, we employ intermittent, intravaginal maximal electrical stimulation in conjunction with bladder drills and pelvic floor exercises. Over a one-year period we treated 76 women with urinary incontinence: 19 with stress incontinence (SUI), 30 with detrusor instability (DI) and 27 with mixed incontinence (MI). After six weeks, our overall objective improvement rate was 76%; 89% of patients with SUI, 73% with DI and 70% with MI met the criteria for improvement. Long-term follow-up averaged 6 months, with a range of 2-12. Of patients who showed an initial objective improvement, 87% maintained that improvement. Intravaginal electrical stimulation may be effective therapy for urinary incontinence. Controlled clinical trials are needed to determine its efficacy and standardize stimulation protocols before its widespread use.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence is an unpleasant, unwanted and distressing problem that is common among women in the UK. A recent study (Hunskarr et al, 2004) estimated that 10 million women in the UK suffer with urinary incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common form, affecting four million women. The International Continence Society defines SUI as 'the complaint of involuntary leakage [of urine] on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing' (Abrams et al, 2002).

Duloxetine Hydrochloride↗
PubMed1997

Diagnostic assessment of geriatric urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence affects 15% to 30% of the population and 50% of those living in nursing homes. Care for incontinence is difficult because this condition is underreported by patients and underdiagnosed by physicians. This article describes the medical and nursing diagnostic assessment of urinary incontinence of geriatric populations, and the criteria for referral. Comprehensive review of urinary incontinence, including treatment, is available elsewhere. Although this article focuses on the assessment of urinary incontinence, the type of treatment being considered guides the scope of the evaluation, and therefore, treatment of incontinence is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Management in general practice significantly reduced psychosocial consequences of female urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence is a common health problem among women, and a spectrum of psychosocial problems is associated with this disorder. We have investigated how psychosocial impact changed during a management programme for urinary incontinence in general practice. One hundred and five women seeking help for urinary incontinence were treated with conservative treatment options. Psychosocial consequences, grouped as mental distress (nine items), practical inconveniences (five items), and social restrictions (11 items) were noted before treatment, and after 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up. Urge symptoms, high degree of severity, and long duration were associated with higher psychosocial impact. During treatment, psychosocial impact was significantly reduced and the degree of impact in the three consequence groups was reduced to about one third compared with before treatment. In conclusion, changes in psychosocial impact during a management programme occur as a response to successful treatment. These findings support the view that female urinary incontinence can be successfully treated in general practice.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

The prevalence of urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence is one of the most important health problems confronting modern society. More than 50 million men and women throughout the world are afflicted. Population studies have demonstrated that approximately 10% of all women suffer from urinary incontinence. Prevalence figures increase with increasing age and in women aged > or = 70 years more than 20% of the female population are affected. Urinary incontinence not only causes considerable personal suffering for the individual afflicted but is also of immense economic importance for the health service. The annual cost of urinary incontinence in Sweden in 1990 accounted for 2% of the total health care costs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of a multi-media course on urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence is a complicated problem, both in terms of diagnosis and treatment. There are, however, quite a few therapies for its treatment. Teleac, a Dutch broadcasting company for adult education, has offered people who suffer from urinary incontinence 'a training therapy' on a distance. This therapy consists of exercise of the lower pelvic muscles, bladder training, relaxation exercises, and advice on posture. On average, there were 140,000 viewers per broadcast. After the course, 51% of the students experienced an improvement of their urinary incontinence. Also, 83% were satisfied with the result of the course. The results suggest that a mass media approach offers major opportunities for secondary prevention of urinary incontinence.

Exercise Therapy↗