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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Tropical medicine or tropical health: the Heath Clark lectures, 1988.

Tropical medicine as a specialty began during colonialization of the tropics. From the outset, controversy focused on scientific research (tropical medicine) vs. public health (tropical health). The former became associated with parasitology to the relative exclusion of microbiology. Remarkable discoveries made before 1912 were followed by sixty years of slow progress. In the last decade, however, not only has parasitic disease research flourished, but the major importance of bacterial and viral diarrheas and respiratory infections has also been revealed. Tropical health did not evolve as a major strategy in the colonial era. Later, a global eradication policy developed, first for hookworm infection, then for yellow fever and malaria, but failure led to disillusionment with technology and development of an undifferentiated approach to primary health care. In the last decade a selective approach has focused on diseases for which cost-effective control measures exist. Moreover, several developing countries have achieved good health at low cost by equitable distribution of health care, education, and food. Today, the conflict between tropical medicine and tropical health is being resolved with the realization that they are truly complementary disciplines.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1997

[Human ecology and tropical medicine].

Tropical medicine's growing interest in social sciences has not remedied the neglect of some biological aspects related to human species polymorphism. These are adaptability to the environment and variability in time and space. Physical anthropology, when it is enlarged to include population genetics and the influence of the non-linear mode of thinking used in ecological sciences, may provide a good approach for solving problems related to development. Adaptability to a changing environment is partly cultural and partly biological. Medical standards used in developed countries may not be adequate in tropical regions. This paper reviews different areas in which human ecology can be useful to physicians, especially the study of the interactions between pathogens, human hosts, culture, and the physical environment.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

[University and tropical medicine].

Two "tropical medicine" coexist: a "clinical tropical medicine" concerning imported tropical diseases in North countries who is worked at clinical departments and travellers clinics and a multidisciplinary "international health", concerning tropical countries development, who is the concern of South and North Institutes cooperation. International health expansion compel to collaborate with foreign universities and institutes in and beyond the French-speaking area. The scattering of practitioners, teachers and research workers in the midst of various French institutions and distance from field limit the academic policy of development. Harmonizing national and European tropical medicine teachings belong to inter-academic gathering. Programming and financing of international health come under an inter-ministerial agency.

France↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medicinal plants in tropical medicine. 2. Natural products in cancer treatment from bench to the clinic.

The development of anticancer agents has, in the past, relied heavily on leads derived from screening a wide variety of agents from both synthetic and natural sources. With the development of new techniques of measurement of biochemical changes in cells and the advent of molecular biological techniques, it is becoming clear that many naturally occurring agents, specifically selected for their tumour growth inhibiting activity, are highly complex and novel substances which are potentially promising as anticancer agents in the clinic. The process of getting a drug from the laboratory bench to the clinic is itself often complex due to adverse physical characteristics of the drug. The experience of the Cancer Research Campaign Clinical Trials Committee in developing several natural products, currently in various stages of development for clinical trial, is described. The drugs discussed include the vinca alkaloids, maytansine, combretastatins, bryostatin 1, pancratistatin, phyllanthoside, dolastatin 10, and taxol.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed2006

[Tropical medicine consultation].

Tropical medicine consultations are fully justified in settings with the latest modern technology, where specific complementary tests are available and there are professionals with experience in tropical questions. That is to say, in tertiary hospitals. If such consultations took place in secondary hospitals or in primary care, they could be considered inefficient or unjustifiable from the point of view of the volume of patients attended to. However, there is a care deficit with respect to preventive activities concerning travellers or immigrants who have recently arrived from countries with a low income and where there is a high prevalence of imported diseases that are less recognised in our normal health milieu. Thus, international health units, which combine preventive and curative activities in a framework of public health provision and in a functional situation between the hospital level and that of primary care, offer a more efficient and suitable profile for the characteristics of the Spanish population. Their implementation depends on policy makers, the offer of a realistic portfolio of services, the existence of quality control monitoring and the possibility of managing information through a computer network.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene meeting at Manson House, London, 10 December 1992. George Carmichael Low FRCP: twelfth president of the Society and underrated pioneer of tropical medicine.

George Carmichael Low, like so many early pioneers of Tropical Medicine, had his origin(s) in Scotland. Following a distinguished undergraduate (and early postgraduate) career, he joined Dr Patrick Manson at the newly established London School of Tropical Medicine in 1899. His first major contribution to the specialty (in 1900) was to demonstrate filariae in the proboscis sheath of mosquitoes which had been infected with Filaria bancrofti in Australia, using a technique recently learned in Heidelberg and Vienna. Shortly afterwards, he led an expedition to the Roman Campagna; this established beyond doubt mosquito-transmission of Plasmodium vivax infection to Homo sapiens. In 1901-1902, Low undertook a demanding tour of the Caribbean where he made important contributions to the understanding of the filariases, and assisted in malaria eradication. In 1902 he led a small team (the Royal Society's first sleeping sickness expedition) to investigate the 'negro lethargy' which had emerged in epidemic proportions on the northern shores of Lake Victoria in East Africa. This expedition narrowly failed to establish the aetiological agent (Trypanosoma sp.) of this disease. Following his return to London, Low became superintendent of the Albert Dock Hospital and from then onwards devoted most of his career to the London School of Tropical Medicine and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (where he became senior physician). He wrote extensively, in addition to his clinical, teaching and administrative commitments. Perhaps Low's major contribution, however, was in establishing the Society (later Royal) of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in 1907, with Mr (later Sir) James Cantlie.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Expeditions↗