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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Systematics of the anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast genus Trichosporon Behrend with the description of five novel species: Trichosporon vadense, T. smithiae, T. dehoogii, T. scarabaeorum and T. gamsii.

Phylogenetic trees of the anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast genus Trichosporon Behrend, based on molecular sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region and the D1/D2 region of the large subunit of ribosomal (26S) DNA, are presented. This study includes three novel species from soils, Trichosporon vadense sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8901(T)), Trichosporon smithiae sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8370(T)) and Trichosporon gamsii sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8245(T)), one novel species from an insect, Trichosporon scarabaeorum sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 5601(T)) and one species of unknown origin, Trichosporon dehoogii sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8686(T)). The phylogenetic positions and physiological characteristics that distinguish the new taxa from related species, based partly on growth tests that are not traditionally used in yeast taxonomy (uric acid, ethylamine, L-4-hydroxyproline, tyramine and L-phenylalanine as sources of carbon and nitrogen, and polygalacturonate, quinate, 4-ethylphenol, phloroglucinol, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate and orcinol as sole carbon sources), are discussed. Assimilation of L-rhamnose and erythritol and maximum growth temperature were also used to delineate species.

Carbon↗
PubMed2001

Two new yeasts, Trichosporon debeurmannianum sp. nov. and Trichosporon dermatis sp. nov., transferred from the Cryptococcus humicola complex.

Cryptococcus humicola, as currently defined, shows intraspecific rRNA gene sequence differences. Three strains of this species produced arthroconidia on cornmeal agar and belonged to the genus Trichosporon in a molecular phylogeny. They clustered with the species possessing Q10 as the major ubiquinone and were serotype I. Sequence analyses clearly revealed that they were two new Trichosporon species. The names Trichosporon dermatis sp. nov. (= CBS 2043T) and Trichosporon debeurmannianum sp. nov. (= CBS 1896T) are proposed for these strains.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1998

Seasonal chronic cough with sputum eosinophilia caused by Trichosporon cutaneum (Trichosporon asahii).

The case of a 46-year-old man with a chronic cough with sputum eosinophilia (atopic cough) caused by Trichosporon cutaneum serotype II (Trichosporon asahii) is reported. The diagnosis was made with the inhalation challenge test with T. asahii antigen. He was admitted for the diagnosis and treatment of a severe nonproductive cough in the summer season. Although his sputum contained 13% eosinophils of nucleated cells, he did not have bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine or a heightened bronchomotor tone. Bronchodilator therapy was not effective for his cough. His symptoms worsened on returning home, suggesting the existence of some etiologic agent in his house. A high titer of serum anti-Trichosporon antibody was detected and antigen provocation test with the Trichosporon extract was positive: the development of a cough 6 h later and a decrease in the cough threshold to inhaled capsaicin 48 h later (7.85 microM from 31.3 microM prechallenge). This is the first report on a chronic cough with sputum eosinophilia induced by T. cutaneum (T. asahii).

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1985

Detection of a Trichosporon beigelii antigen cross-reactive with Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide in serum from a patient with disseminated Trichosporon infection.

Latex beads coated with anti-Cryptococcus neoformans antibody were agglutinated by serum from a bone marrow transplant recipient having a disseminated infection caused by Trichosporon beigelii. The cryptococcal latex agglutination titer in the serum of the patient rose to 1:2,560 by the time of his death. Necropsy confirmed the disseminated Trichosporon infection and absence of C. neoformans. Cell wall extracts of the isolate of the patient and two additional strains of T. beigelii agglutinated anti-Cryptococcus-coated latex beads. The antigen in the serum of the patient and in the extracts responsible for the agglutination was not destroyed by proteolytic enzymes or heat. A single antigen reactive with rabbit anti-Trichosporon serum could be identified in the serum of the patient and the cell wall extracts by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and indirect fluorescent-antibody staining demonstrated that anti-Trichosporon antibody recognized the capsular polysaccharide of C. neoformans.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Trichosporon wieringae sp.nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast from soil, and assimilation of some phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and other non-conventional carbon sources by saprophytic Trichosporon species.

A morphological and physiological description of an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from soil, named Trichosporon wieringae, is presented. The phylogenetic position within the genus, based on nuclear base sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit of rDNA and of the ITS region reveals close relationship to the Porosum clade of the genus Trichosporon Behrend, T. gamsii being the closest relative. The ability of non-pathogenic Trichosporon species to assimilate uric acid, ethylamine, l-4-hydroxyproline, some aromatic compounds and polysaccharides as sole sources of carbon and energy was studied. An identification key to these species, based on growth tests on these non-conventional carbon sources, is proposed. The type strain of T. wieringae is CBS 8903 (JCM 12201).

Carbon↗
PubMed2000

Trichosporon cutaneum (Trichosporon asahii) infection mimicking hand eczema in a patient with leukemia.

Trichosporon Cutaneum is a yeast-like fungus that causes white piedra and onychomycosis. Recently, it has also been recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a 64-year-old woman who developed a superficial Trichosporon infection mimicking hand eczema during chemotherapy for her chronic myelocytic leukemia. To our knowledge, no cases of superficial infection like this one have previously been reported. This case suggests that careful examination is required in diagnosing Trichosporon infection in immunocompromised hosts, because the infection can be invasive or unusual in appearance.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2004

Reassignment of the basidiomycetous yeasts Trichosporon pullulans to Guehomyces pullulans gen. nov., comb. nov. and Hyalodendron lignicola to Trichosporon lignicola comb. nov.

Nucleotide sequence analyses of the hymenomycetous yeasts demonstrated that Hyalodendron lignicola should be considered as a member of the genus Trichosporon within the Trichosporonales and that Trichosporon pullulans is associated closely with the Cystofilobasidiales, rather than the Trichosporonales. Accordingly, the following proposals are made: Trichosporon lignicola comb. nov. and Guehomyces gen. nov., to accommodate Guehomyces pullulans comb. nov. in the Cystofilobasidiales.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMedDate not supplied

White piedra and Trichosporon species in equatorial Africa. III. Identification of Trichosporon species by slide agglutination test.

Fifty-two Trichosporon strains isolated from Gabonese female patients 15-60 years, were studied. The identity of these strains was established by two different methods: the method proposed by Guého et al. (1992), based on mycological criteria, and a slide agglutination method performed with monospecific antisera prepared in our laboratory. The final results show a perfect correlation between the two methods, which allowed us to identify 25 strains of T. mucoides, 21 strains of T. inkin and seven strains of T. asahii. The results of the agglutination tests performed with 24-h-old subcultures grown on Sabouraud glucose agar are available in less than 15 mins. In the light of these results, it appears that this method, which is rapid and easy to perform and reproduce, may readily be used in hospital laboratories. In addition, this method allowed us to verify the presence of antigens common to the genera Cryptococcus and Trichosporon, which were easily shown by the use of crude sera. The fact that the anti-Trichosporon monospecific sera lose their capacity to agglutinate Cryptococcus neoformans proves their high specificity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Identification of medically relevant Trichosporon species based on sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and construction of a database for Trichosporon identification.

The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions in the rRNA gene were determined by directly sequencing PCR-amplified fragments for all of the species (17 species and five varieties) in the genus Trichosporon. Comparative sequence analysis suggests that six medically relevant species, T. asahii, T. asteroides, T. cutaneum, T. inkin, T. mucoides, and T. ovoides, can be readily identified by their ITS sequences. In addition, the sequence analysis showed that conspecific strains have fewer than 1% nucleotide differences in the ITS 1 and 2 regions overall. Molecular phylogenetic trees are also presented.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Molecular phylogenetics of the genus trichosporon inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome B gene sequences.

Mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) genes of 42 strains representing 23 species of the genus Trichosporon were partially sequenced to determine their molecular phylogenetic relationships. Almost half of the 22 strains investigated (from 11 different species) contained introns in their sequences. Analysis of a 396-bp coding sequence from each strain of Trichosporon under investigation showed a total of 141 (35.6%) variable nucleotide sites. A phylogenetic tree based on the cyt b gene sequences revealed that all species of Trichosporon except Trichosporon domesticum and Trichosporon montevideense had species-specific cyt b genes. Trichosporon sp. strain CBS 5581 was identified as Trichosporon pullulans, and one clinical isolate, IFM 48794, was identified as Trichosporon faecale. Analysis of 132-bp deduced amino acid sequences showed a total of 34 (25.75%) variable amino acid sites. T. domesticum and T. montevideense, Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon asteroides, and Trichosporon gracile and Trichosporon guehoae had identical amino acid sequences. A phylogenetic tree constructed with the ascomycetes Saccharomyces douglasii and Candida glabrata taken as outgroup species and including representative species from closely related genera species of Trichosporon clustered with other basidiomycetous yeasts that contain xylose in their cell wall compositions. These results indicate the effectiveness of mitochondrial cyt b gene sequences for both species identification and the phylogenetic analysis of Trichosporon species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Susceptibility patterns and molecular identification of Trichosporon species.

The physiological patterns, the sequence polymorphisms of the internal transcriber spacer (ITS), and intergenic spacer regions (IGS) of the rRNA genes and the antifungal susceptibility profile were evaluated for their ability to identify Trichosporon spp. and their specificity for the identification of 49 clinical isolates of Trichosporon spp. Morphological and biochemical methodologies were unable to differentiate among the Trichosporon species. ITS sequencing was also unable to differentiate several species. However, IGS1 sequencing unambiguously identified all Trichosporon isolates. Following the results of DNA-based identification, Trichosporon asahii was the species most frequently isolated from deep sites (15 of 25 strains; 60%). In the main, other Trichosporon species were recovered from cutaneous samples. The majority of T. asahii, T. faecale, and T. coremiiforme clinical isolates exhibited resistance in vitro to amphotericin B, with geometric mean (GM) MICs >4 mug/ml. The other species of Trichosporon did not show high MICs of amphotericin B, and GM MICs were <1 mug/ml. Azole agents were active in vitro against the majority of clinical strains. The most potent compound in vitro was voriconazole, with a GM MIC </=0.14 mug/ml. The sequencing of IGS correctly identified Trichosporon isolates; however, this technique is not available in many clinical laboratories, and strains should be dispatched to reference centers where these complex methods are available. Therefore, it seems to be more practical to perform antifungal susceptibility testing of all isolates belonging to Trichosporon spp., since correct identification could take several weeks, delaying the indication of an antifungal agent which exhibits activity against the infectious strain.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1992

Experimental Trichosporon infection in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits: implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of an emerging opportunistic mycosis.

Disseminated Trichosporon infection, an uncommon but emerging opportunistic mycosis due to Trichosporon beigelii, is frequently difficult to diagnose, refractory to treatment, and associated with a high attributable mortality. Models of disseminated and gastrointestinal Trichosporon infection were developed in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits. The patterns of infection resembled those of clinical disease, including cutaneous lesions, chorioretinitis, renal infection, pulmonary infection, and antigenemia cross-reactive with cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide. Antigenemia, an early manifestation of disseminated Trichosporon infection, originated in vivo from a fibrillar extracellular matrix. Trichosporon organisms disseminated from the gastrointestinal tract to visceral tissue in colonized immunosuppressed rabbits, whereas there was no dissemination from the gastrointestinal tract of otherwise normal rabbits. The antifungal triazoles, fluconazole and SCH 39304, were most active; maximum tolerated doses of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B were ineffective. Trichosporon antigenemia declined in response to antifungal therapy. These findings contribute to improved understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of disseminated Trichosporon infection.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed2005

Invasive infections caused by Trichosporon species and Geotrichum capitatum in patients with hematological malignancies: a retrospective multicenter study from Italy and review of the literature.

Trichosporonosis is an uncommon but frequently fatal mycosis in immunocompromised patients. A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to characterize cases of proven or probable invasive trichosporonosis diagnosed over the past 20 years in Italian patients with hematological diseases. Of the 52 cases identified, 17 were classified as Trichosporon sp. infections and 35 were attributed to Geotrichum capitatum. Acute myeloid leukemia accounted for 65.4% of the cases. The incidence rates of Trichosporon sp. and G. capitatum infections in acute leukemia patients were 0.4 and 0.5%, respectively. Overall, 76.9% of cases had positive blood cultures. Pulmonary involvement was documented in 26.9% of cases. Death was reported for 57.1% of G. capitatum infections and for 64.7% of Trichosporon sp. infections. A literature review on trichosporonosis in patients with any underlying disease or condition reveals G. capitatum as a predominantly European pathogen, particularly in certain Mediterranean areas, while Trichosporon sp. infections are seen with similar frequencies on all continents. The majority of published Trichosporon sp. and G. capitatum infections occurred in patients with hematological diseases (62.8 and 91.7%, respectively). Well over half of these were suffering from acute leukemia (68 and 84% of patients with Trichosporon sp. and G. capitatum infections, respectively). Crude mortality rates were 77% for Trichosporon spp. and 55.7% for G. capitatum. The optimal therapy for trichosporonosis has yet to be identified; however, in vitro experiences are providing encouraging evidence of the potential role of the new triazoles, in particular, voriconazole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of the microdilution, Etest and disk diffusion methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical strains of Trichosporon spp.

Trichosporon spp are well recognized as pathogens capable of causing invasive disease. Despite the increasing frequency and severity of trichosporonosis, data on the antifungal susceptibility of Trichosporon spp. are limited and recommendations for in vitro testing of this fungus are not included in the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of clinical Trichosporon isolates to systemic antifungals. We evaluated the in vitro activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against 27 clinical isolates of Trichosporon spp. (14 T. mucoides and 13 T. asahii) using NCCLS M27-A2 reference microdilution, Etest and disk diffusion methods. In the microdilution and Etest methods Trichosporon spp. demonstrated relatively high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for fluconazole (MIC90 4 and 6 microg/ml, respectively) and relatively low MICs for voriconazole (MIC90 0.125 and 0.125 microg/ml, respectively). MICs for amphotericin B determined on antibiotic medium 3 were lower (MIC90 0.06 microg/ml) than those on RPMI (MIC90 1 microg/ml). Observed agreements were 81-100% according to these drugs. Disk diffusion zone diameters correlate inversely with MICs from dilution tests except for amphotericin B. Validation of the clinical significance of these observations demands determination of MIC breakpoints for Trichosporon and in vitro- in vivo correlation studies.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1994

Disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection in patients with malignant diseases: immunohistochemical study and review.

Trichosporon beigelii is a causative agent of opportunistic infection and summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan. However, as the diagnosis of Trichosporon beigelii infection is sometimes difficult, the actual incidence of this disease may be underestimated. Of 203 autopsy patients with malignant disease, seven (7.7%) were diagnosed with disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection by immunohistochemical investigation of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Including these seven, a total of 43 patients with Trichosporon beigelii infection have been reported in Japan. The majority of them had underlying hematologic malignancies, for which they received cytotoxic chemotherapy resulting in neutropenia. This study indicates that the immunohistochemical method, which can be applied to biopsy specimens, is an excellent tool for specific diagnosis of Trichosporon beigelii infection, which is an emerging fatal mycosis in immunocompromised patients with profound neutropenia.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Microbiological characteristics of medically important Trichosporon species.

Trichosporon species are opportunistic pathogens associated with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Disseminated trichosporonosis is uncommon but reports are increasing. In this study, using 16 stock clinical isolates of suspected Trichosporon species and 4 known Trichosporon strains, we investigated the morphology, physio-biochemistry, molecular biology and antifungal susceptibility characteristics of these Trichosporon spp. and discovered that ITS sequence-based identification is a rapid and accurate identification alternative to most phenotypic or physio- biochemical methods. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests showed high amphotericin B, itraconazole and terbinafine MIC value in these Trichosporon strains.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2002

Nosocomial fungemia due to Trichosporon asteroides: firstly described bloodstream infection.

Trichosporon spp. are oppurtunistic yeasts that cause deep-seated, mucosa-associated, and superficial infections in immunocompromised patients. It is well known that Trichosporon asteroides is mainly responsible of superficial infections and does not cause systemic infections in humans so far. In this study, we present the first case of disseminated infection due to Trichosporon asteroides in an intensive care patient. Yeast colonies were isolated from the specimens of blood, urine, aspiration fluid of the endotracheal tube and catheter tip swabs of the patient. Conventional mycological studies were not adequate for the identification of the isolate to the species level. The genetic identification of the yeast isolate was performed and the DNA sequence of the isolate exactly matched the corresponding sequence of the Trichosporon asteroides rRNA gene from the GenBank DNA database (accession numbers: AB018017, AF075513). Therefore, our isolate was identified as Trichosporon asteroides as a causative agent of deep-seated fungemia.

Aged↗