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Results for “Transactional Analysis”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The structure of work-related stress and coping among oncology nurses in high-stress medical settings: a transactional analysis.

A transactional approach was used to examine stress and coping among 59 oncology nurses. Nine work stress clusters were identified: Physician-Related Stress, Organizational Factors, Observing Suffering, Ethical Concerns, Death and Dying, Carryover Stress, Negative Self-Thoughts, Inadequate Resources, and Coworker Stress, with the first 3 rated as most frequent and most intense. Ten coping clusters were also identified: Coworker Support, Positive Reappraisal, Developing a Growth Perspective, Positive Involvement in Treatment, Affective Regulation, Balancing Work Stress, Negative Coping, Apathy, Withdrawal, and Catharsis, with the first 3 rated as most frequently used and most effective. The relationships among the clusters, as well as the theoretical and clinical implications of these results, were discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

"Difficult" children as elicitors and targets of adult communication patterns: an attributional-behavioral transactional analysis.

A transactional model of adult-child interaction was proposed and tested. In determining the effects that caregivers and children have on each other, it was maintained that adult attributions act as important moderators in the interaction process. Specifically, it was predicted that adult beliefs about the causes of caregiving outcomes act as selective filters or sensitizers to child behavior--determining the nature and amount of adult reaction to different child behaviors. It was further predicted that adult attributions act in a self-fulfilling fashion, that is, the communication patterns that follow from caregiver beliefs act to elicit child behavior patterns that maintain those beliefs. In a synthetic family strategy, elementary-school-aged boys were paired with unrelated mothers (N = 96) for videotaped interactions. Children were either trained or preselected on two orthogonal dimensions: responsiveness and assertiveness. Mothers were premeasured on their self-perceived power as caregivers (S+) and the social power they attributed to children (C+). Videotapes were analyzed separately for adult facial expression and posture, voice intonation, and verbal communication. Each of these behavioral dimensions was measured on the dimensions of affect, assertion, and "maternal quality" (e.g., baby-talk). We expected low self-perceived power to sensitize the adult to variations in child responsiveness and high child-attributed power to sensitize the adult to variations in child assertiveness. Two transactional sequences were obtained (the same patterns were obtained for acted and dispositional enactments of child behavior): 1. Low S+ mothers (in comparison with high S+ mothers) were selectively reactive to child unresponsiveness. These adults reacted to unresponsive children with a communication pattern characterized by a "maternal" quality, negative affect, and positive affect that was unassertively inflected. Unresponsive children, in turn, reacted to low S+ mothers with continued unresponsiveness. 2. High C+ mothers (in contrast to low C+ mothers) were selectively reactive to child unassertiveness. These adults reacted to shy children with a "maternal," strong, and affectively positive communication style. Unassertive children, in turn, reacted to high C+ mothers with increased assertiveness. High S+ and low C+ mothers demonstrated no significant alterations in their behavior as a function of child behavior. This nonreactivity had positive consequences for child unresponsiveness (reduced) and negative consequences for child unassertiveness (maintained).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Assertiveness↗
PubMed1993

Detection of deception: a transactional analysis perspective.

I have attempted to integrate two divergent fields in applied psychology, the psychophysiological detection of deception (polygraph testing) and the transactional analysis theory. Transactional analysis theory provides a useful framework for understanding the examiner-examinee interaction in the pretest interview of the widely used but highly controversial control-question polygraph test. This research is relevant to the ongoing debate about the plausibility of the rationale underlying this technique.

Arousal↗
PubMed1996

Transactional analysis: how to improve communication skills.

Transactional analysis (TA) can be a useful framework for promoting effective communication. This article outlines the theoretical constructs of TA and suggests a strategy for teaching the model to diploma student nurses. The authors argue that an understanding of TA will allow nurses to analyse and adjust their skills to communicate more effectively.

Communication↗
PubMed1980

The assessment of Transactional Analysis ego states via the Adjective Checklist.

Transactional Analysis (TA) conceptualizes personality in terms of five functional ego states: Critical Parent (CP), Nurturing Parent (NP), Adult (A), Free Child (FC), and Adapted Child (AC). The present investigation was designed to develop a procedure for the assessment of the relative strength of ego states from the responses of persons who are not familiar with TA theory. Fifteen TA experts assigned ego-state ratings to the 300 items of the Adjective Check List (ACL) with high interjudge agreement being found. Using the judges' mean raft rigs, a system was developed for obtaining ego-state scores for any selected set of ACL adjectives. The use of the system was illustrated by its application to the ACL self-descriptions of 100 university students which were analyzed in terms of "egograms" in which the five functional ego states were expressed relative to one another. A test-retest study involving an additional 154 students demonstrated stable individual differences in ego-state scores. Mean egograms of female and male students did not differ from one another but showed appreciable differences from the expert judges' ratings of the "psychologically healthy person." The potential Usefulness of the procedure in clinical practice and in testing TA theory is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A transactional analysis of biobehavioral systems.

The system of behavior [B] consists of those transactional interrelationships between organism [O] and environment [E] that govern their commerce. The biological significance of such [O]-[E] interrelationships, their truing through learning, as well as those systems involved in the subordinate and superordinate regulation of behavior, are clear when life, itself, is seen as an emergent property of the [O]-[E] complex. In addition, a systems view of these hierarchically organized complexities suggests that they adaptively self-stabilize and self-organize, over time, as they participate in [L], the organism-environment complex. Such a transactional analysis of biobehavioral systems resonates well with the most basic axioms of Pavlov's paradigm.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measures of transactional analysis ego states for nurses.

Factor analysis of 432 registered nurses' responses to three measures of the transactional analysis ego states of parent, adult, and child were run in order to develop shorter scales tailored to nurses. The analysis resulted in four 10-item scales labeled parent, adult, adapted child, and natural child. Reliability coefficients ranged from .79 to .85. Interscale correlations ranged from -.20 to .18. Means, standard deviations, and percentile scores were presented for each scale. Implications for nursing research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1964

AVTA: A DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC VOCAL TRANSACTION ANALYSIS.

The Automatic Vocal Transaction Analyzer was designed to recognize the pattern of certain variables in spontaneous vocal transactions. In addition, it records these variables directly in a machine-readable form and preserves their sequential relationships. This permits the immediate extraction of data by a digital computer. The AVTA system reliability has been shown to be equal to or better than that of a trained human operator in uncomplicated interaction. The superiority of the machine was demonstrated in complex interactions which tax the information processing abilities of the human observer.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using transactional analysis to understand the supervisory process.

Most literature on supervision praises its ability to create space for reflection, but seldom explores the disabling effects. Using the experiences of four nurses, this article makes use of Berne's Transactional Analysis model as a method for illuminating patterns within supervision. The article concludes that the confessional nature of clinical supervision reflects contemporary practice and the implications of supervision really appear to be an undercover policing or enforcement of cultural/management objectives.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1998

An ecological-transactional analysis of children and contexts: the longitudinal interplay among child maltreatment, community violence, and children's symptomatology.

Cicchetti and Lynch have conceptualized ecological contexts as consisting of nested levels with varying degrees of proximity to the individual. These levels of the environment interact and transact with each other over time in shaping individual development and adaptation. With a sample of maltreated (n = 188) and nonmaltreated (n = 134) children between the ages of 7 and 12 years, this investigation employed a 1-year longitudinal design to conduct an ecological-transactional analysis of the mutual relationships among community violence, child maltreatment, and children's functioning over time. Indicators of children's functioning were externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and self-rated traumatic stress reactions, depressive symptomatology, and self-esteem. Either full or partial support was obtained for the study's primary hypotheses. Rates of maltreatment, particularly physical abuse, were related to levels of child-reported violence in the community. In addition, child maltreatment and exposure to community violence were related to different aspects of children's functioning. Specific effects were observed for neglect and sexual abuse and for witnessing and being victimized by violence in the community. Finally, there was evidence that children and their contexts mutually influence each other over time. Results were discussed within the framework of an ecological-transactional model of development.

Aggression↗