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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy. Evaluation of 2 years of prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis in the maternity ward of Hôpital Saint-Antoine (1973-1974)].

The authors report the results of prophylaxis of congenital toxoplasmosis in a maternity hospital in Paris for a two years period (1973-1974). 6269 pregnant women were surveyed. 18 toxoplasmosis were detected in evolution at the first prenatal examination, 10 seroconversions were identified among the first examination antibody negative women, when re-examined during the pregnancy. 25 of these 28 women were treated regularly. The seroconversions of the 3 other women were detected only at delivery. In addition 25 women were treated because of high antibody titers (Dye-Test greater than or equal to 300. U.I/ml). 6 congenital toxoplasmosis, 2 of them were manifest, were observed among the children whose mothers were treated for confirmed toxoplasmosis. The extremely low level of seroconversions may be in relation to hygienic and dietetic prescriptions. The difficulties of this prophylaxis are analysed: they are due to studied population and to problems of interpretation or serologic examinations.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Indirect hemagglutination using whole mixed antigen for checking toxoplasmosis immunity and for serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis, compared with immunofluorescence.

The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) is an easy technic for which it is possible to get commercial reactifs. This methode should be used often for the serodepistage of Toxoplasmosis and control of the immunitry anti-toxoplasmosis. We used a technique with total mixed antigen, that was compared with indirect immuno-fluorescence (I.F.I.), for 623 human serums. The I.H.A. was used with sheep formal hematies and coated with glutaraldehyde, with a total mixed antigen prepared from ultra sonicated parasites. This standardised reactive can be kept one year at 4 degrees C. We worked with U well micro-titration plates and the result is obtained after 2 hours. The I.F.I. technique was made with classical methods using Evans blue counter staining. The reproducibility of the I.H.A., during 366 tests was satisfactory. For the control of the immunity anti-toxoplasmic, the results tallied with both methods in more 95% of cases. Lastly, as test of progression, the I.H.A. with total mixed antigen appear an interesting way for the early diagnosis of the Toxoplasmosis where the reaction seems to be positive as soon as I.F.I.

Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-roentgenologic studies in toxoplasmosis patients with various endocrine diseases].

The authors present clinical and roentgenological characteristics of toxoplasmosis revealed in 46 of 128 patients with neuro-endocrine form of diencephalic syndrome, cerebro-hypophyseal nanism and hypogenitalism, examined for toxoplasmosis. Congenital toxoplasmosis was found in 29 and chronic acquired--in 17 cases. It was noted that the clinical picture of both the congenital and of the chronic acquired toxoplasmosis in patients with endocrine diseases was varied due to affection of different organs and systems of the organism. Of great significance in the complex clinico-laboratory diagnosis of congenital and chronic acquired toxoplasmosis was the roentgenological method of study. Roentgenological changes in the skull of the patients with endocrine diseases and toxoplasmosis were expressed in the presence of calcifications of various shape and size (from 2 mm to 2 cm), calcification of the dura mater in the frontal portion and the area of the sella turcica, and hyperostosis. Diagnosis of congenital and chronic acquired toxoplasmosis in patients with endocrine disturbances should be based on the results of complex clinico-roentgenological and laboratory studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dwarfism and the Shereshevskiĭ-Turner syndrome in patients with congenital toxoplasmosis].

Fifty five patients with cerebral and hypophyseal nanism and Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome were examined for toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was established on the basis of epidemiological and obstetrical anamnesis, clinical and roentgenological data and serological tests (complement fixation test in 2 modifications--by common and droplet method; precipitation test, fluorescent antibody test) and intradermal allergic test with toxoplasmin (ATT). Of 48 patients with cerebral and hypophyseal nanism ATT proved to be positive in 17 (35.4 per cent); it was positive in 3 of 7 patients with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome. In some of the patients and their mothers serological tests for toxoplasmosis were also positive. Thus, toxoplasmosis infection among the patients examined was 2.5-3 times more incident than the corresponding indices in healthy children. It is supposed that there is pathology of hypothalamic regulation of hypophyseal functions in toxoplasmosis and nanism. A possibility of pathology of the generative apparatus in maternal toxoplasmosis leading to development of chromosomal embryopathies could not be excluded. The authors consider that further studies are necessary for ascertaining (in some of the cases) of the pathogenetic association between toxoplasmosis and growth and developmental disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Outbreak of toxoplasmosis in a family and documentation of acquired retinochoroiditis.

An outbreak of toxoplasmosis in one household is described. It demonstrates the potential for a common source infection with Toxoplasma gondii to cause multiple cases. Six of seven members of a household investigated for toxoplasmosis demonstrated high antibody titers consistent with recent infection; five of these members (83%) were symptomatic. The most common manifestations were fever and lymphadenopathy, which developed from seven to 18 days (mean 11 days) after a common source ingestion of infected meat. Since inadequately cooked lamb, pork and beef are probably the most common sources of infection in the United States, outbreaks of multiple cases may occur more frequently than is generally appreciated. As more outbreaks of febrile illnesses are examined, especially in families and closed communities, it is likely that more common source epidemics of toxoplasmosis will be recognized. Retinochoroiditis is an unusual manifestation of adult acquired toxoplasmosis. In the index case in this epidemic the patient manifested vision threatening retinochoroiditis 129 days after infection with toxoplasmosis. He represents the ninth well-documented case of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis associated with adult acquired disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Fetal immune response following congenital toxoplasmosis.

Serum concentrations of IgA, its subgroups IgA1 and IgA2, IgM, IgG, and IgD were determined in a group of 14 mothers who contracted toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and their 14 offspring. Four newborns developed toxoplasmosis, 10 did not. The 4 infants with congenital toxoplasmosis had evidence of increased immunoglobulin synthesis in utero in sharp contrast to the 10 offspring of toxoplasmosis-infected mothers who failed to develop the disease. Three of these 4 affected children had elevated IgM levels; all 4 had significantly increased IgA values. The use of IgA subclass IgA1 and IgA2 was not helpful in distinguishing infants with congenital toxoplasmosis from unaffected infants. The present series is consistent with other studies from this laboratory, indicating that the fetal immune response to intrauterine infection may include IgA as well as IgM.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cervical adenopathy secondary to toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasmosis is not a rare disease. Infestation occurs in 75% of the general world population and in 35% of the US population. Lymphadenopathy, primarily of the cervical type, is one of the most common signs of acquired toxoplasmosis. During the past 15 years a great number of reports have appeared in the medical literature regarding toxoplasmosis. However, it seems that most clinicians do not consider this disease as a possibility when they encounter patients with unexplained cervical adenopathy in whom the usual tests for infectious mononucleosis are negative. In fact, the majority of such patients come to the operating room with a suspected diagnosis of malignant neoplasm, particularly of malignant lymphoma. Thus, a great deal of unnecessary anxiety is generated and, at times, unnecessary surgery is performed. These may be avoidable. A total of 38 cases of acquired toxoplasmosis manifested by lymphadenopathy (82% in the cervical region) are analyzed with respect to symptomatology, differential diagnosis, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and treatment. Toxoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with cervical tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Study of the outcome of pregnancy in sheep with positive serologic reactions to toxoplasmosis according to the complement fixation test].

Studied were five flocks of 240 sheep each. It was found that prior to impregnation the positive complement-fixation test (c. f. test) reagents varied from 16 to 61 per cent with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1:10. Abortions, however, were established only in two of the flocks consisting of young sheep, aged 3 and 4 years, at the first or second lambing. The abortions took place in the fourth month of pregnancy. In one of these flocks having 43 per cent positive reagents there were 40 per cent returns, and 28 of the ewes miscarried, 12 of them being positive for toxoplasmosis. In the second flock there were 61 per cent positive reagents, and 9 of the ewes miscarried, 5 of them being positive for toxoplasmosis. In the remaining three flocks consisting of 5-year-old sheep there were no abortions. The ewes that miscarried and were positive for toxoplasmosis showed a rise in their serum titers: from 1:40 on the 15th day after the abortion to 1:80 on the 30th day. It is believed that in these sheep the abortions are not due to toxoplasmosis, and in sheep flocks with a high percent of positive toxoplasmosis reagnets there may not be abortions.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1977

Toxoplasmosis after renal transplantation.

Infection is the main cause of death following renal transplantation. In the literature 7 fatal cases of toxoplasmosis following renal transplantation have been described. In the present papers a case of reactivated toxoplasmosis is presented where the patient survived. Fortuitous withdrawal of therapy and transplant nephrectomy may have been responsible for the patient's survival. The problems of diagnosis of toxoplasmosis following renal transplantation are discussed. Early diagnosis is vitally important as successful treatment of toxoplasmosis with pyrimethamine and sulfonamides in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy has been reported. It is emphasised that reaction of toxoplasmosis should always be considered in patients with fever of unknown origin and cerebral symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Congenital toxoplasmosis in twins: a series of 14 pairs of twins: absence of infection in one twin in two pairs.

Fourteen pairs of twins with congenital toxoplasmosis were observed. In two pairs, one twin was infected and had symptoms of chorioretinitis or encephalomyelitis, while the other had a negative dye test upon repeated examination: this phenomenon has not previously been reported. In three of the other twelve pairs of twins, one of each pair died; two of them had evidence of toxoplasmosis; in the cotwin the diagnosis was based on serologic data. Clincial and biologic follow-up extended from 19 months to 8 years in five pairs. Marked discrepancies in the individual clinical patterns of the two children in each of six sets of twins were observed, with evidence of infection in one twin and subclinical infection in the other. These clinical findings correlated well with serologic data in the children in whom sufficient follow-up was permitted. The clinical pattern of congenital toxoplasmosis in twins is extremely similar in monochorial pregnancies, but discrepancies are almost the rule in bichorial pregnancies. The importance of placental lesions in determining the extent of fetal involvement is well illustrated by studies of toxoplasmosis in twins.

Child↗
PubMed1976

[A comparative study of the role of domestic cats and dogs in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis].

A total of 2643 persons in 5 different regions were examined for toxoplasmosis by the immunofluorescence test and toxoplasmin skin test. The presence in the house of cats and dogs was taken into account. In two of the five regions under study there was revealed an increased incidence of toxoplasmosis in persons keeping cats; this confirmed the role of these animals as a source of toxoplasmosis infection. The absence of such increase in the incidence of the disease in other regions in explained by the character of buildings admitting migration of cats or the presence in the given region of other active sources of infection. Toxoplasmosis incidence in persons who kept or didn't keep dogs displayed no significant difference.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of the immune response in a familial focus of toxoplasmosis].

Immunoepidemiological investigations were carried out in a family in which a child with congenital toxoplasmosis was born in 1972. The following were determined: total fluorescent antibodies and their G and M fractions and G and M serum immunoglobulins. The results showed: --the existence of a familial focus if infection with T. gondii, the risk of infection in the course of pregnancy and its consequences on the product of conception; --the normal evolution of the following pregnancy in the presence of anti-T. gondii fluorescent antibodies and the birth of a normal child; --value of the indirect immunofluorescence test for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis and of the longitudinal immunologic investigation; --determination of the antibody M fraction and serum immunoglobulins did not prove as useful as expected; --persistance of fluorescent antibodies in significant titers over a long period in the absence of a clinical symptomatology or with clinical manifestations of another etiology might lead to a false diagnosis of toxoplasmosis -- hence the necessity of a test for differentiating the carrier of specific antibodies from the toxoplasmosis patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Acquired toxoplasmosis. A neglected cause of treatable nervous system disease.

The neurological manifestations of six cases of acquired central nervous system toxoplasmosis are compared with the 39 well-documented cases from the literature. Half of the patients had underlying systemic diseases (18 malignant neoplasms, two renal transplants, three collagen vascular diseases) treated with intensive immunosuppressive therapy. The remainder had primary toxoplasmosis. Three major neurological patterns were seen: (1) diffuse encephalopathy with or without seizures, (2) meningoencephalitis, and (3) singular or multiple progressive mass lesions. Routine neurological diagnostic studies were not helpful. The Sabin-Feldman dye test or IgM indirect fluorescent antibody test or both were effective in confirming the diagnosis. Twenty-seven patients died without a clinical diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis was made terminally in four additional patients. Thirteen of fourteen patients who received a full course of sulfadiazine or pyrimethamine or both did well. Toxoplasmosis should be considered in the immunosuppressed patient who appears with neurological involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Unusual ocular presentation of acute toxoplasmosis.

Four patients with toxoplasmosis are reported with unusual presenting ocular lesions. One patient had an active lesion that appeared to involve the optic nerve as well as focal toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis at the macula. A second patient had a pale optic nerve in association with the classical chorioretinal scars of toxoplasmosis. The third patient had toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis of the macula with subretinal neovascularisation. The fourth patient had a branch artery occlusion complicating acute retinitis.

Acute Disease↗