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Results for “Toxicologic pathology”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[The intracerebral distribution of bismuth in bismuth encephalopathy. Pathological and toxicological study of 3 cases (author's transl)].

Neuropathological study of 3 patients dying from bismuth encephalopathy showed the absence of specific lesions and the probably secondary nature of the abnormalities found. Multiple samples taken from various areas of the brain were used for the purpose of the analysis of the topographical distribution of bismuth. Levels were invariably very high and to toxic agent diffusely distributed. The concentration was nevertheless higher in the grey matter than in the white matter. They hypothesis of a liposoluble compound which would explain the affinity of bismuth for cerebral tissue is probable.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

LCM-Enriched Proteomic Characterization of Antibody-Mediated Glomerular Damage and Complement Activation in Pre-Clinical Models.

Biologics, lipid nanoparticles, and other therapeutic modalities can result in adverse events, often detected as lesions during preclinical pathology assessments. Characterization of these lesions provides valuable information during drug development to contextualize mechanisms of injury and assess species translatability. Here, we investigated the utility of a laser capture microdissection (LCM)-enriched mass spectrometry proteomics approach to analyze two well-characterized preclinical models of regional (glomerular) injury: Passive Heyman Nephritis in rats and bovine gamma globulin-induced glomerular injury in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Using LCM-enriched proteomics, glomeruli were isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney tissue in the rat model, enabling identification of 4,661 proteins and quantification of 3,410. Proteinuria measurements were compared with digital pathology metrics of glomerular morphology and proteomics results, with all modalities yielding concordant evidence of glomerular injury and proteomics confirming the role of complement activation. The same LCM- enriched proteomics workflow was applied to an NHP model of induced glomerular damage, identifying 4,623 proteins, quantifying 3,000, and confirming qualitative concordance with established features of complement-mediated glomerular injury. Together, these findings illustrate the applicability of LCM-enriched proteomics for region-specific characterization of antibody-mediated tissue injury and support its use as a hypothesis-generating platform in translational toxicologic pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Radiation toxicology: quantitative radiation pathology for predicting effects.

Radiation toxicology is the quantification of radiation pathophysiology. It is based upon the development of more precise and accurate radiation dose response data in humans. Such information is particularly important because of the development of combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The search for models which will predict radiation injury is presented along with innovative approaches to the 3-dimensional reconstruction of isodose curves in autopsy material, and ultrastructural studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The place of histochemical techniques in toxicology, pharmacology and pathology.

The uses of histochemistry in pathology (experimental and clinical), pharmacology and toxicology are considered and their restrictions are discussed. In time-course studies of drug effects in animals the research worker must choose an appropriate histochemical technique for evaluating the changes seen in the tissues, if any, during the study. Acid phosphatase is shown to be a marker enzyme which may be active in both cell multiplication and tissue necrosis; results obtained with it must therefore be interpreted with caution. The need for histochemical techniques to match experimental conditions is emphasized. The restrictions of fixation and tissue preparation are also emphasized. Histochemical and biochemical techniques should be used together where appropriate, and the results should be analysed carefully. Indiscriminate use of histochemistry and quantitation is deplored.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

[The necropsy, contribution to the knowledge of the undesirable effects of medications and toxic agents].

All the examples quoted demonstrate that in the field of toxicology, pathologic anatomy still offers the means of establishing the first links between macroscopic and microscopic lestions and physiology. The current trend in this disciplin is to look beyond the clinical symptom or morphologic disturbance and seek the causal biochemical interactions. Through the methods of systematic autopsy and electron microscopy of biopsy specimens, pathologic anatomy continues to provide the alarm signal for the pharmacologic warning system our modern environment demands.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1978

Alcohol-associated deaths in the District of Columbia--a postmortem study.

Ethyl alcohol and its lethal effects were present either in the victim or in the environment, including persons responsible for a given death, in 53% of the cases autopsied during a six-month period at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in the District of Columbia. The results of this small, admittedly biased, sample indicate that the acute and chronic effects of alcohol are a major public health problem in this jurisdiction. Comparative figures from other medical examiner's systems suggest the national prevalence of the problem and confirm the gross inadequacy of data from death certificates for such research. Only when the combination of accurate pathological, toxicological, and historical information concerning all types of deaths is available can reliable statistics regarding the numbers and types of deaths related to alcohol be obtained.

Accidents↗
PubMed1978

Veterinary public health activities aimed at prevention of intoxications by chemical residues in foods of animal origin. Suggestions for inspection programmes.

Practically all today's raw agricultural products have been treated or exposed to one or more agricultural chemicals or veterinary products, in order to increase food production. A tremendous amount of work has been done by veterinarians in coping with diseases and health risks due to microorganisms, parasites and other agents of biological origin. There is no doubt that veterinary services, research and educational institutions have a long and successful tradition also in dealing with problems of chemicals associated with animal and food production, processing, transportation, storage and distribution. Due to the increasing quantity and large numbers of chemicals now used in animal production and related fields, it has however become indispensable to broaden and intensify the education and training of veterinarians, as well as to ensure their participation in all sectors of this field. Veterinarians should be fully involved in the surveillance, prevention and control of intoxications by chemical residues. They are well qualified to do this. They are working continuously in the areas where exposure to animals and food may occur, possess adequate knowledge of the routes of entry of such chemicals into food chains, the fate of their residues, the health hazards involved, as well as of the toxicology, pathology, pathophysiology, and food hygiene and technology. Residues present an enormous challenge for surveillance, prevention and control in agriculture, food processing and related activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The diagnostic laboratory and its relationship to practitioners. Diagnostic laboratory professional staff.

Diagnostic services provided to practitioners include necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology, virology, parasitology, immunopathology, clinical pathology and toxicology. Services are also available at the college in avian and aquatic diseases. The laboratory expects to continually upgrade its services through the addition of appropriate tests, re-evaluation of existing tests, development of methods for more convenient specimen collection and shipment, increased responsiveness to veterinarians' needs, epidemiological investigations, and continuing education.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology: IX. Laboratory examination of unidentified suspected tissue fragments found at aircraft sites.

The identification of victims of an aircraft accident may be very difficult because of the degree of fragmentation associated with the accident. Periodically, the Divisions of Aerospace Pathology and Toxicology have been asked to identify tissue, bone, or bloodstains of undetermined origin. Usually this request has been precipitated by situations in which a) it is questionable whether an aircraft has sustained a bird strike, b) unidentified pieces of tissue are found floating at sea, or c) fragments of bone, tissue, or blood-stained flight apparel are found near a crash site. Preliminary studies have shown that gross examination and the methods and procedures used in forensic serology may also be applied in aircraft investigation with very good results. These methods are used as an aid to confirm the identity of the victims involved.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1979

Computer analysis and integration of animal pathology data.

Computer storage of data from toxicology, biochemistry, haematology and pathology has been found necessary in our Laboratory in order to handle the vast amount of information generated by animal toxicology studies. The value of the system to pathology is enormous and its potential has not been exhausted. All finding, from organ weights and macroscopic observations made at autopsy, to the final histopathological diagnosis made by the pathologist are computerized. A modified version of the American College of Pathologists' systematized nomenclature of pathology is used. The pathologist recordtor whose role in the system is indispensable. The designation of a pathologist with special responsibility for supervising the computerisation and its scientific validity ensures its smooth running. The integration of data from haematology and clinical chemistry as a profile for each animal is available to the pathologist when making the final diagnosis. The system has resulted in a standardisation of pathological terminology, greater speed and improved accuracy in report formulation, the establishment of a readily retrievable in-house data bank and an enormous saving in the time of pathologists and secretaries.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Lethal intoxications with morphine in Sweden 1966-1974.

Fatal intoxications with morphine derivatives have become increasingly common in Sweden. Toxicologic data and pathologic findings in 34 cases of morphine intoxications from 1966 to 1974 in Sweden are presented. From 1972 on when morphine the black market, lethal intoxications with centrally stimulation amines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

NCTR computer systems designed for toxicologic experimentation. V. Post-experiment information system.

The Post-Experiment Information System (PEIS) is an automated data collection and reporting system composed of three specialized subsystems: Pathology, Chemistry and Microbiology. These subsystems function either independently or collectively to construct and maintain a comprehensive data base of all experimental values derived from, or associated with, an animal carcass. All data are retrievable by the unique Carcass Identification (CID) number assigned at death, which is the correlative of the Unique Identification Number (UIN) assigned to the animal at birth and used throughout its lifespan. Elements processed under the PEIS include gross and microscopic pathological observations, organ weights, hematologic data, chemical data, and microbiological analyses. The ability of the system to integrate the post-experiment data with the information collected on an animal from birth (BIS) and during the experiment (EIS) provides a complete animal history to the Principal Investigator or other requestor.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Toxicological properties of lead.

The pathological effects of lead on the renal, nervous, reproductive, endocrine, and immune systems have been reviewed. Emphasis is placed on reported subclinical effects due to chronic, low-level lead exposure. The crucial issue of whether subtle behavioral, intellectual, and developmental impairment occurs in young children, as a result of lead-induced CNS damage is discussed in detail. This issue remains unresolved. Further studies are needed in order to determine the long-term health effects of continuous, low-level lead exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Toxicologic assessments in acute heroin fatalities.

The recent improvements in analytic methods enable routine morphine detection in blood in microgram or nanogram quantities. It is now possible to assess acute death from heroin use by toxicologic analyses. A review of available data indicates a rapid distribution of morphine even in sudden fatalities, to the various organs of the body. Blood morphine levels in most acute heroin-involved deaths range from 0.1 to 1.0 microgram/ml, while morphine concentration in liver ranges from 0.1 to 10.0 microgram/gm. In rapid death, the blood to liver ratio is approximately 1:5. Blood and liver appear to be the specimens of choice in determining fatality due to heroin; however a distribution study that included other tissues such as brain, bile, and urine would afford a more meaningful evaluation in forensic investigation. The correlation of the survival periods of decedents to concentrations of morphine in tissues is discussed. Since morphine concentration decreases precipitously in antemortem blood immediately after administration of heroin, the assurance of detecting and determining morphine is greater in blood specimens from decedents who died within 1 hr after drug taking than from those who survived for a longer period. Blood levels of morphine also appear to be regulated by dosage. The role of ethanol and other drugs, including excipients in illicit heroin preparations, in acute narcotism is still poorly understood. Morphine is produced in the antemortem metabolism of codeine. A close evaluation of toxicologic data is necessary to determine whether the morphine detected, if a metabolite, is a conversion product of codeine, heroin, or both. In any event, the cause of death involving heroin is determined only after information from history and pathology, as well as toxicology, are carefully correlated.

Biotransformation↗