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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sensitivity of the tooth cervix. A new therapeutic alternative].

The cervical hypersensitivity tooth was analysed and treated by application of a varnish with high fluoride ions content (Duraphat) and of a glass ionomer cement usually indicated to cavity lining (XR-ionomer-Kerr). This technique was applied in sixty-seven teeth of Clinic Graduation patients (Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba) and demonstrated a high index of satisfactory results. The clinical findings of this study relate that, this technique is more one method of choose by clinicians.

Dentin Sensitivity↗
PubMed2006

Restoring cervical lesions with flexible composites.

OBJECTIVES: Flexure at the tooth cervix has been suggested to dislodge cervical restorations more rapidly. The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to test the hypothesis that a higher composite flexibility better withstands tooth flexure stress. METHODS: One hundred and forty-two non-carious cervical lesions were restored with composites with contrasting stiffness. Seventy-one patients randomly received two cervical restorations placed following two out of the three experimental groups: (1) the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Permaquick applied with the stiff micro-hybrid composite Amelogen Hybrid (PMQ/A-Hy, Ultradent), (2) Permaquick applied with the more flexible micro-filled composite Amelogen Microfill (PMQ/A-Mi, Ultradent), or (3) the 'golden standard' three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Optibond FL applied with the micro-hybrid composite Prodigy (O-FL/Pro, Kerr). RESULTS: The recall rate at 7 years was 80%. No statistically significant difference was found for any of the parameters evaluated neither between both adhesives, nor between both composites (McNemar, p>0.05). Eleven percent of the O-FL/Pro restorations were clinically unacceptable due to loss of retention (5.5%) and severe marginal discoloration (5.5%). In the PMQ-group, 22% of the PMQ/A-Mi restorations (8% loss of retention, 5% severe enamel margin defects, 3% severe dentin margin defects, 6% severe marginal discoloration, 3% extreme sensitivity) and 19% of the PMQ/A-Hy restorations (13% loss of retention, 3% severe enamel margin defects, 3% severe marginal discoloration) needed repair or replacement. SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical performance of the three adhesive/composite combinations was good and reliable during the 7-year clinical trial. It was concluded that the composite stiffness does not affect the clinical longevity of cervical composite restorations.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1996

Fluoride distribution in human dental calculus obtained from different sites on the tooth surface.

We examined the site specificity of fluoride (F) distribution in human dental calculus. Teeth with supra- and subgingival calculus were obtained from patients who resided in non-fluoridated areas in Japan and China. Sequential layers of the dental calculus (30 microns thick) were abraded by an abrasive micro-sampling technique and fluoride and phosphorus in the powdered samples were analyzed. Fluoride concentrations were highest in the outer, lowest in the middle and intermediate in the inner layers of dental calculus in general. In the outermost layers fluoride concentrations were highest in calculus found near the tooth cervix both in supra- and subgingival calculus. Fluoride concentrations decreased markedly toward the apical region in subgingival calculus, while it did not change toward the incisal or occlusal region in supragingival calculus. In the inner layers, fluoride concentrations in both supra- and subgingival calculus were not affected by position on the teeth. Fluoride concentrations in subgingival calculus near the apex were lower than in supragingival calculus near the incisal or occlusal region. It was concluded that the fluoride concentrations differ in different regions of dental calculus, probably due to their different mechanisms of formation.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1995

Endodontic pathogens: propagation of infection through patent dentinal tubules in traumatized monkey teeth.

Periapical pathology indicating endodontic infection, when present in marginal periodontitis-affected teeth, has recently been shown to be an aggravating factor in progression of marginal destruction. This has been associated with patency of dentinal tubules in the tooth cervix, an area normally devoid of cementum following periodontal therapy. These studies are, however hampered by that only circumstantial evidence such as presence of periapical destruction have been applied as criteria of endodontic infection. The purpose of the present investigation was to study to what extent a predefined selection of endodontic pathogens inoculated in the root canal can influence periodontal pathology and healing in areas of the root covered by or devoid of cementum, using root resorption as a histomorphometric marker. Exposed dentine surfaces, in the present study showed significantly larger areas of resorption in infected roots compared to non-infected roots, while cementum surfaces showed an almost identical distribution of tissue reactions regardless of root canal infection or not. It was concluded that endodontic pathogens or their products were not able to penetrate the cementum barrier. The significantly larger areas of resorption on exposed dentine surfaces in infected roots compared to non-infected roots indicated that endodontic pathogens or their products could spread through dentinal tubules to a root surface void of cementum. Extrapolated to the marginal situation this indicated that endodontic pathogens in the root canal might be able to aggravate marginal infection in areas of root devoid of cementum.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Brief communication: Study of noncarious cervical tooth lesions in samples of prehistoric, historic, and modern populations from the South of France.

Noncarious tooth lesions (NCTL) are frequent findings in contemporary dental practices. Unlike other dental and periodontal diseases, NCTL have not been studied in an anthropological context. The purpose of the present study was to compare the prevalence of NCTL in three archaeological samples from the Copper Age and Middle Ages and in subjects examined in three dental practices. Both archaeological samples and dental-practice subjects were from southern France. In the archaeological sample group, no NCTL were detected in 3,927 teeth from 259 individuals. In the dental-practice group, prevalence rates were in agreement with current epidemiological data. Our data also suggest that prevalence of NCTL increases with age and is higher in females. Premolars were the most affected tooth type. Occurrence of NCTL has long been attributed to toothbrushing and to erosion by intrinsic and extrinsic acids. More recently, occlusal stress associated with tooth flexure has been implicated. The reasons underlying the total absence of NCTL in archaeological samples are discussed. The most likely explanations involve differences in lifestyle, diet, and dental condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The aetiology of the non-carious cervical lesion.

Erosion and abrasion have been widely reported as causes of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). However, more recently, tooth flexure has been implicated in the formation of these lesions generating renewed interest in the pathogenesis of the non-carious loss of cervical tooth substance. This paper considers the causes of erosion and abrasion, related to modern lifestyles, and reviews the literature concerning tooth flexure as a cause of NCCL. A description of different types of NCCL is given, as an aid to determining the aetiology, yet at the same time accepting that the causation and pathogenesis of NCCL is probably multi-factorial resulting in many different clinical presentations. Consideration is given to the indications for treatment of NCCL and to the selection of materials for restoring such defects.

Dental Materials↗
PubMed2006

Residual caries and marginal integrity in relation to Class II glass ionomer restorations in primary molars.

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of three treatment methods (ART, Carisolv(TM) and rotary instruments) in caries removal and sealing capability of hand-mixed glass ionomer in the management of proximal caries in deciduous molars. METHODS: In a clinical study 217 dentally naïve children (age 7.5, SD 0.57) were randomly divided in three treatment groups and among 4 operators. Each child received one class II glass ionomer restoration. Immediately after restoration bitewings were made. The dependent variables were: residual caries and marginal adaptation. Independent variables were operator effect, child's behaviour and time to remove caries. RESULTS: There was no statistical significant difference in residual caries between the three treatment methods (p < 0.05). In 33% of the cases a clear radiolucency underneath the restoration was visible on the bitewings. In 26% doubt existed on the presence of residual caries. A clear cervical gap was seen in 16% of the restorations, while in 18% signs of cervical gaps were less obvious. Between the four operators a significant difference in relation to residual caries (p = 0.015) was found as well as a significant difference between the operators for the preparation time in the three treatment methods (p < 0.05). The child's behaviour seems to have no influence on residual caries and marginal gaps. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that there is no preparation method superior to another, though the treatment methods seem to be sensitive for operator effects. Using hand-mixed glass ionomer cement resulted in considerable number of cervical gaps found.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of root curvature and distance using computed tomography.

The safety and efficacy of subgingival root surface instrumentation may be enhanced by optimized adaptation between instrument and treated surface. Thus, detailed knowledge of root geometry may allow advances in instrument design. The aim of this study was therefore to measure root radii of various tooth types as well as distances between tooth roots using computed tomography. Two hundred sixteen teeth in eight patients were studied, with cross sections of teeth at the level of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) being regarded as ellipses. The maximum radii of ellipses were calculated and averaged for each tooth surface within various tooth groups. In addition, the spacing between roots at CEJ level and 5 mm below the CEJ was measured. Mean radii varied from 1.09+/-0.50 mm (lower incisor, lingual) to 13.7+/-0.96 mm (upper molar, mesial). Radii of 1 mm to 6 mm were most frequently found at buccal, palatal, and lingual surfaces, whereas the majority of radii were between 2 mm and 11 mm at mesial and distal sites. Root distance varied between 1.04+/-0.49 mm (lower incisors, CEJ level) and 2.81+/-1.70 mm (lower molars, 5 mm below CEJ). The curvature of an instrument for root surface instrumentation should correspond to a radius of at least 11 mm to achieve maximum adaptation to the treated surface, and the width of the working end should be less than 1 mm to allow sufficient interdental instrumentation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of in vivo visual and computer-aided tooth shade determination.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of shade-determining devices. For the daily practitioner, it is essential to know whether modern computer-aided shade selection is reliable in everyday life. So the question of how the clinical usability of these machines could be rated has to be clarified. In the following, three actual devices available in the market were compared using a human observer's perception. The SpectroShade device (MHT Optic Research AG, 8155 Niederhasli, Switzerland), the ShadeVision device (X-Rite Co., Grandville, USA) and the Digital Shade Guide DSG4 (A. Rieth, 73614 Schorndorf, Germany) were assessed with respect to their agreement with the color perception of three examiners looking at 57 test persons (six teeth each for a total of 342). Shades were reported in Vita Classical shades. It could be demonstrated that every single human examiner showed a significantly higher agreement value (human group on average 40.2%) when compared with the remaining five methods than each computer-aided tooth shade determination device. The devices reached on average only a value of 28.6%, whereas the X-Rite ShadeVision showed a significant better result (33.2%) than the MHT SpectroShade and Rieth DSG4 (27.0 and 25.7%). Identical shade results given by all three methods of a group (group of three devices and three humans) were found to be rather low for the computer-aided devices (9.9%) compared with humans (36.7%). All six methods together agreed in 3.3% of the cases. It becomes evident that the methods-especially the computer-aided shade determination-are rather divided about the respective tooth color. Deficiencies of the instrumental as well as the visual detection become obvious. The best agreement level was performed by the human examiners. The best agreement of the evaluated devices was obtained-generally as well as among the human testers-by the X-Rite ShadeVision system, followed at a statistically significant distance by the MHT SpectroShade and the Rieth DSG4. The agreement among the examiner group was 52.9%, significantly better than that of each device compared to this group (31.3% on average). Color detection and its realization are very complex. As shown, in many cases, computer-aided color shade determination of natural teeth seems to not reflect human perception.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Alveolar bone loss in adults as assessed on panoramic radiographs. (II) Multilevel models.

The aim of this study was to delineate factors influencing the severity of bone loss in randomly selected orthopantomograms of adult patients seeking treatment by the dental service of the German Armed Forces. A total of 240 panoramic exposures was available for analysis, 60 in each of the age groups <30, 30-39, 40-49, and >or=50. For each tooth, distances between the coronal landmark (CL) cemento-enamel junction or margin of restoration, and alveolar crest (AC), and bone level (BL) were measured with a calliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. Multilevel models revealed that bone levels decreased by 0.05 mm each year of life, on average. Bone loss was more pronounced in the maxilla, especially at molars. Infrabony lesions were strongly associated with deficient restorations and periapical lesions. Periapical pathology was also associated with radiographic evidence for furcation involvement. In this predominantly male population, periodontal bone loss gradually increased with age, but prevalence of infrabony defects was very low. Multilevel modelling indicated strong associations between infrabony defects and insufficient restorations and periapical pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Raman spectroscopic study of noncarious cervical lesions.

The surface of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) consists of sclerosed dentin. This type of dentin may affect the ability of adhesive restorative materials to bond well to its surface, but little information exists on the chemical nature of this dentin surface and how it may be affected during acidic treatment. The inorganic part of normal dentin and dentin from NCCLs before and after acid conditioning with phosphoric acid or polyacrylic acid was investigated. Ten premolars with NCCLs and four human third molars (control) were used. Replicas of NCCLs were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surfaces and longitudinal sections of four NCCLs and control dentin discs were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The discs and NCCLs were sectioned, and treated with 35% phosphoric acid or 20% polyacrylic acid/3% aluminum chloride, and Raman spectra obtained. The area under phosphate nu1 of the dentin spectrum was computed to obtain a ratio with the area under the second-order spectrum of a silicon phonon comparative standard. Mean phosphate nu1 and silicon phonon ratios from normal dentin and NCCLs were compared using a linear model with repeated measurements and Tukey's pairwise tests. Mean ratios from different locations of the NCCLs were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's pairwise tests. SEM micrographs of NCCL surfaces showed variation from relatively smooth with no dentinal tubule openings to surfaces with occluded tubules. The mean phosphate nu1 and silicon phonon ratios for NCCLs were higher than those of normal dentin in all treatment groups (P < 0.05). Ratios from the untreated specimens were higher than those of the polyacrylic acid-treated specimens, and those for the phosphoric acid-treated group were the lowest (P < 0.05). The ratios obtained for the surfaces of NCCLs were higher than those halfway towards the pulp, and those adjacent to the pulp were the lowest (P < 0.05).

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1996

Regional bond strengths of resins to human root dentine.

OBJECTIVES: The demand for restoration of root dentine defects such as cervical erosion and root caries has significantly increased recently, but there is limited information on the performance of the adhesive resins to radicular dentine. The purpose of this study was to measure the regional tensile bond strength (TBS) of composite bonded to human root and coronal dentine, and to observe the interface between resin and root dentine by SEM. METHODS: Human extracted cuspid teeth were used to measure TBS with a new microtensile bond test. Enamel and cementum were removed from the labial tooth surfaces to form a long cavity preparation into dentine from the mid-crown to the apex of the root within the same tooth. All Bond 2 (all etch technique) or Imperva Bond (no etch) was bonded to dentine surfaces and covered with Protect Liner resin composite. The resin-bonded teeth were serially sliced into 16 sections at right angles to the long axis of the tooth, and the bonded surfaces were trimmed to give a bonded surface area of 1 mm2 for TBS testing. RESULTS: All Bond 2 bond strengths to coronal and apical dentine showed high values (23.5 MPa) but the bond strength was significantly lower on cervical root dentine. Imperva Bond produced a relatively high tensile bond strength to all regional areas. SEM showed that the thickness of the resin-infiltrated layer formed by All Bond 2 in root dentine was less than coronal areas. Resin infiltration with Imperva Bond was always less than 0.5 micron. The results suggest that high TBS values can be obtained with minimal resin infiltration in root dentine.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

Can the severity of root resorption be accurately judged by means of radiographs? A case report with histology.

INTRODUCTION: Root resorption of lateral incisors caused by the pressure of erupting canines is a well-known but relatively rare problem in orthodontics and general dentistry. It is usually diagnosed on radiographs. The purpose of this article is to discuss some difficulties associated with evaluating root resorption from radiographs alone. A case report is presented as an example. METHODS: Radiographs showed that an 11-year-old girl had marked root resorption of the maxillary lateral incisors, caused by the impacted permanent canines. The incisors were to be extracted. Several months before the extractions, a canine had been surgically exposed to remove pressure from the incisor root. The lateral incisors were analyzed histologically, and the histologic findings were compared with those of the patient's mandibular first premolars, which had been extracted. RESULTS: The resorption of the lateral incisors was more severe than expected from the radiographs. The resorption extended far into the pulp. Most, although not all, root resorption areas showed histologic evidence of repair, but the amount of repair was far from functional repair levels. The mandibular first premolars had no signs of resorption, thus excluding systemic causes. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of root resorption of lateral incisors cannot be accurately judged from radiographs alone.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2006

Flaws in root resorption assessment algorithms: role of tooth shape.

INTRODUCTION: The purposes of this study were to analyze and critique the mathematical algorithms used in the clinical assessment of root resorption. METHODS: Geometric constructions and derived mathematical expressions were used to investigate the influence of tooth shape on the relationships between tooth, root, and crown lengths and their respective sizes as measured on before and after radiographs. results: The ambiguities of root-loss assessment protocols are demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Root resorption assessment algorithms are unsuited for their intended applications.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Distal cervical caries in the mandibular second molar: an indication for the prophylactic removal of the third molar?

AIMS: Distal cervical caries (DCC) in mandibular second molar teeth are responsible for the removal of up to 5% of all mandibular third molars. Our aim was to identify the clinical features of these patients. METHODS: We evaluated the records of 100 patients who had 122 mandibular third molars removed because of distal cervical caries in the second molar. RESULTS: Eighty-two percent of third molars had a mesial angulation of between 40 degrees and 80 degrees. The peak age for removal of third molars was 5 years later than in other studies and patients had better dental health than average. The incidence of distal cervical caries DCC has been shown to increase with age. CONCLUSION: Distal cervical caries is a late phenomenon and has been reported only in association with impacted third molars. The early or prophylactic removal of a partially erupted mesio-angular third molar could prevent distal cervical caries forming in the mandibular second molar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cervical margin design with contemporary esthetic restorations.

The contemporary dentist has a wide variety of options to use in the restoration of extensively damaged or previously restored teeth. Metal-ceramic and all-ceramic crowns are frequently used to restore esthetics and function. One of the essentials for success with either option is proper tooth preparation, which includes proper selection and preparation of the cervical margin of the preparation.

Ceramics↗