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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Analysis of factors influencing the recent decline in birth rate in Tokyo].

This study was undertaken in an attempt to find factors which affected the recent declining birth rate in Tokyo. Vital statistics of the female population, age 20-39, for the period of 1970 through 1985 for Tokyo were compared to national averages. Indices examined were birth rate, percentage of married women, birth rate for married women, and birth rate for married women by live birth order. Results thus obtained were as follows: 1. Birth rates for females aged 20-24 and 25-29 were largely dependent on percentages of married women rather than birth rates for married women both in Tokyo and in the nation as a whole, while the birth rates for females aged 30-34 and 35-39 were more dependent on birth rates for married women. 2. Percentages of married women aged 20-24 and 25-29 decreased during the observation period both in Tokyo and in the nation as a whole. 3. Birth rates for married women aged 30-34 and 35-39 dropped in the first 5 or 10 years of observation in both groups as a result of the reduction in high order live births. Thereafter, the decline changed to an upturn trend. 4. Yearly changes of birth rate, percentage of married women, birth rate for married women, birth rate for married women by live birth order, and birth rate of first child for married women appeared to have the same timing both in Tokyo and in Japan as a whole in each age category.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A comparative study of some pathologic features of mammary carcinoma in Tokyo, Japan and New York, USA.

Epidemiologic and clinical studies conducted in the past 15 years have demonstrated striking differences in the biology of mammary carcinoma among Japanese and American women living in their native countries. These variations have, in part, been related to some differences in the characteristics of the primary tumors between the two groups. As part of a collaborative study we have had an opportunity to compare the stage of disease and to examine and compare histological sections of patients with breast carcinoma treated in 1973-74 at the National Cancer Center Hospital (NCH) in Tokyo and in 1974 at the Memorial Hospital (MH) in New York. The former group consisted of 216 and the latter of 555 carcinomas. Fewer patients in each group had axillary metastases than reported in a prior study of patients treated at MSKCC and in Tokyo 20 to 30 years earlier. Negative axillary nodes were now found in 58% of the MH patients and in 63% of women treated at the NCH. The magnitude of improvement in stage relative to the prior report was similar in both groups. However, it would appear that the change occurred mainly from the mid-1950s to the 1960s in New York and approximately 10 years later in Tokyo. Results of this study confirming prior reports were: (1) higher frequency of colloid and of medullary carcinoma with lymphoid stroma and lesser frequency of lobular carcinoma in the Japanese patients; (2) more intense lymphoid infiltrate in and around primary tumors in Japanese women; (3) higher frequency of rounded or circumscribed tumors in Japanese women; and (4) the more frequent occurrence of intralymphatic tumor emboli within the breast in American women. The difference in the frequency of lobular carcinoma was less striking when comparison was limited to patients with unilateral carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1975

Crimes in New York and Tokyo: sociocultural perspectives.

Patterns of major crimes in Tokyo and New York City, based on official reports, are compared. Among other findings, the rate of infanticides among the total of murder cases was strikingly higher in Tokyo than in New York City. Intruders in New York City, on the other hand, were found to seek confrontation with victims more actively than their counterparts in Tokyo. Social and cultural factors underlying or contributing to the causes of major crimes are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Comparative study of the aerobic, heterotrophic bacterial flora of Chesapeake Bay and Tokyo Bay.

A comparative study of the bacterial flora of the water of Chesapeake Bay and Tokyo Bay was undertaken to assess similarities and differences between the autochthonous flora of the two geographical sites and to test the hypothesis that, given similarities in environmental parameters, similar bacterial populations will be found, despite extreme geographic distance between locations. A total of 195 aerobic, heterotrophic bacterial strains isolated from Chesapeake Bay and Tokyo Bay water were examined for 115 biochemical, cultural, morphological, nutritional, and physiological characters. The data were analyzed by the methods of numerical taxonomy. From sorted similarity matrices, 77% of the isolates could be grouped into 30 phena and presumptively identified as Acinetobacter-Moraxella, Caulobacter, coryneforms, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio spp. Vibrio and Acinetobacter species were found to be common in the estuarine waters of Chesapeake Bay, whereas Acinetobacter-Moraxella and Caulobacter predominated in Tokyo Bay waters, at the sites sampled in the study.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1992

A deletional frameshift mutation of the beta-spectrin gene associated with elliptocytosis in spectrin Tokyo (beta 220/216).

A novel spectrin variant carrying a truncated beta-chain and designated Spectrin Tokyo (beta 220/216) is presented. It was associated with elliptocytosis and moderate uncompensated hemolysis. The dimer self-association was reduced. An increase of the alpha I 74-Kd fragment was detected upon partial trypsin digestion. Analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA showed a 1-base deletion in codon 2059 (GCC AGC-->GCA GCT; Ala-Ser-->Ala-Ala) that belongs to exon X of spectrin beta-gene. A missense sequence extended down to (new) codon 2075. Serine 2060, a potential phosphorylation site, was replaced by alanine. The shortened beta-chain failed to undergo phosphorylation in vitro. Spectrin Tokyo shared the same stop codon, overlapping normal codons 2076 and 2077 (CTG AAA), as Spectrin Nice (beta 220/216), which is caused by a dinucleotide insertion in codon 2046 and contains 2076 amino acids. However, for some reason, Spectrin Tokyo had a lower incorporation level into the membrane than Spectrin Nice.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Diagnostic patterns of social phobia. Comparison in Tokyo and Hawaii.

A comparison was made of the diagnosis of social phobia by Japanese psychiatrists in Tokyo and American psychiatrists in Hawaii. A brief segment of videotaped interviews and written case histories of four Japanese patients from Tokyo and two Japanese-American patients from Hawaii, who were clinically diagnosed with social phobia, were presented to the clinicians for their diagnosis. Japanese psychiatrists tended to diagnose social phobia congruently for the Japanese cases but not for the Japanese-American cases. American psychiatrists tended to diagnose various categories including anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder, in addition to social phobia, disregarding the ethnic background of the patients. This illustrates that the diagnostic pattern for social phobia varied considerably between psychiatrists of these two countries. The reasons considered are the patient's cardinal symptom manifestation, style of problems presentation, as well as the clinician's professional orientation and familiarity to this particular disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Season of birth of schizophrenics in Tokyo, Japan.

The monthly distribution of births of 7,960 schizophrenic patients in Tokyo born during the period of 1841-1950 was studied in comparison with that of a control population in Tokyo. A spring excess of schizophrenic births were found after 1901 as in previous studies in Western countries. Before 1900, however, there was no significant spring excess. The maximum excess of schizophrenic births occurred in May before 1900 and in April after 1901. The possibility of a shift in the seasonality of schizophrenic births was discussed.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1992

[A study of the mentally ill in institutions for homeless people in Tokyo].

Homeless problems associated with poverty may be considered almost resolved in Japan because of the post World War II economic development, but in large cities such as Tokyo the homeless are still being produced, a reflection of a variety of social problems. This study is based on an analysis of admission records of an institution for the homeless which was established in 1952 in Tokyo. Subjects are 2,122 single persons who were admitted between 1952 and 1985. Among these, 136 are mentally ill persons, who are the main subjects of analysis in this study. Results show that, which after 1970 the number of the mentally ill significantly increased, many of those people dropped out of the institution mostly because they were originally admitted directly from discharge from hospitals because there was no other place to go except the institutions, and also because the institution, originally meant to house street people who had been detained, did not offer appropriate programs for the mentally ill. A solution to these problems requires that roles of institutions for the homeless and subjects admitted be reconsidered. Institution staff should enrich programs designed for the homeless mentally ill and help them organize their social network and live in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Ablative and prophylactic effects of BCG Tokyo 172 strain for intravesical treatment in patients with superficial bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Bladder cancer BCG Study Group].

We investigated the effects of intravesical instillation of BCG Tokyo 172 strain on patients with superficial bladder cancer and CIS of the bladder for tumor ablation and prophylaxis. This is the first controlled multicenter study for governmental approval of BCG Tokyo 172 strain for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer and CIS of the bladder. One hundred-fifty-seven patients (125 with Ta or T1, and 32 with CIS) were treated by 80 mg of BCG diluted in 40 ml of saline, once a week for 8 weeks. The dose and interval adopted in this multicenter study was determined by the previous Phase II study conducted by the same Study Group. Out of 125 superficial tumor Ta, T1, 83 (66.4%) showed complete disappearance of the tumor (CR) and 26 (20.8%) partial disappearance (PR), and out of 32 CIS, 27 (84.4%) showed CR and 2 (6.3%) PR. Among those patients showing CR, and PR who were treated with additional TUR-Bt, 98 patients were randomised for a controlled study of prophylactic BCG instillation. Prophylactic treatment consisted of 40 mg of BCG diluted in 40 ml of saline, monthly for 12 months. Forty-two patients were assigned to the treatment group, whereas the remaining 56 to the control group without any prophylactic instillation. Three cases showed tumor recurrence during the prophylactic phase. Twenty-five cases could not be treated for the whole course of prophylactic instillation mainly due to bladder irritable symptoms. Recurrent free curves were compared till 1050 days after the initiation of the study. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1976

Two new glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants associated with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia found in Japan: GD(-) Tokushima and GD(-) Tokyo.

Two new variants of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia were discovered in Japan. Gd(-) Tokushima was found in a 17-years-old male whose erythrocytes contained 4.4% of normal enzyme activity. Partially purified enzyme revealed a main band of normal electrophoretic mobility with additional two minor bands of different mobility; normal Km G6P, and Km NADP five-to sixfold higher than normal; normal utilization of 2-deoxy-G6P, galactose-6P, and deamino-NADP; marked thermal instability; a normal pH curve; and normal Ki NADPH. The hemolytic anemia was moderate to severe. Gd(-) Tokyo was characterized from a 15-year-old male who had chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia of mild degree. The erythrocytes contained 3% of normal enzyme activity, and partially purified enzyme revealed slow electrophoretic mobility (90% of normal for both a tris-hydrochloride buffer system and a tris-EDTA-borate buffer system, and 70% of normal for a phosphate buffer system); normal Km G6P and Km NADP; normal utilization of 2-deoxy-G6P, galactose-6P, and deamino-NADP; greatly increased thermal instability; a normal pH curve; and normal Ki NADPH. These two variants are clearly different from hitherto described G6PD variants, including the Japanese variants Gd(-) Heian and Gd(-) Kyoto. The mothers of both Gd(-) Tokushima and Gd(-) Tokoyo were found to be heterozygote by an ascorbate-cyanide test.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement in treatment results of gastric cancer with surgery and chemotherapy: experience of 9,700 cases in the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo.

Treatment results of 9,741 cases of gastric cancer treated at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo during the past 42 years were retrospectively analyzed. Resectability was 89.6% (94.1% for 1960-1988) and operative mortality was 1.9% (1.5% for 1960-1988). Five-year survival rate was 48.5% (54.9% for 1960-1988) for all cases, 68.8% (73.1% for 1960-1988) for patients with curative surgery, and 4.7% (4.9% for 1960-1988) for those with noncurative surgery. Curative rate was improved twofold among patients with curative gastrectomy. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy had a marginal benefit for stage II and III disease. Improvement could be attributed mainly to the relative increase in early gastric cancer, and partly to the extended surgeries for stage III and IV cases, such as systemic lymphadenectomy and combined resection of involved adjacent organs. Multimodality therapy is expected to control the relapse of peritoneal dissemination (14.2%) and hematogenous metastasis (8.9%).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1978

Incidence of 47,XYY karyotype in a consecutive series of newborn males in Tokyo.

A series of 3545 newborn males, born consecutively at a maternity hospital in the western suburbs of Tokyo and with no detectable physical abnormalities, were studied for fluorescent Y-chromatin. Buccal cell smears from each infant were screened. Cases with ambiguous results were subjected to a second test by blood smears, which were found to be more reliable. After the second test, chromosomal analysis was carried out in five infants: three had a 47,XYY karyotype; one, the karyotype 46,XY-D,t(D:Y) (Iijima et al., in preparation); and one, a normal male karyotype. The XYY karyotype occurred in 0.11% of newborn males in this series.

Cheek↗
PubMed1975

Polychlorinated biphenyl residues in maternal and cord blood in Tokyo metropolitan area.

PCB levels were determined with maternal and cord blood sampled at the time of delivery. All of the twentyfour mothers selected for this experiment are residents to Tokyo Metropolitan area. Gaschromatographic patterns of PCBs in cord blood closely resembled those of mothers. The cord blood in general showed lower PCB levels on both whole and fat basis than those in the maternal blood. No correlation was noticeable on statistical basis as regards the concentrations of PCBs between the cord blood and maternal blood. Our data suggests that the passage of PCBs through the placenta follows general patterns observed in other organochlorine insecticides.

Adipose Tissue↗