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PubMed2026

"Not flying solo": phylogenetic identification and life-cycle insights of larval cestodes in the European flying squid Todarodes sagittatus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae).

The European flying squid Todarodes sagittatus Lamarck is a widely distributed ommastrephid cephalopod in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, yet its parasite fauna remains poorly documented in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, two cestode larvae species infecting T. sagittatus from the Algerian coast (Western Mediterranean) were investigated using an integrative approach combining morphological observations and molecular analyses. A total of 63 squids were examined for parasitic infection. Cestodes in plerocercoid stage were detected in 31 individuals (prevalence of 46%), primarily located within the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, intestine, and caecum. Morphological features of the larvae were consistent with members of the order Phyllobothriidea but did not allow identification to the species level. Molecular analysis of the D1-D3 region of the 28S rDNA revealed two distinct larval lineages belonging to the genus Crossobothrium Linton, 1889. One lineage showed 100% sequence identity with the adult cestode Crossobothrium dohrnii (Oerley, 1885), a parasite of hexanchid sharks, confirming the identity of these larvae as plerocercoids of C. dohrnii. The second lineage clustered within the Crossobothrium clade but could not be assigned to a known species and is therefore referred to as Crossobothrium sp. The occurrence of these larvae in T. sagittatus, together with ecological data on squid diet and predator-prey relationships, suggests that this cephalopod acts as an intermediate or paratenic host in the life cycle of hexanchid cestodes. Infection likely occurs through predation on crustaceans acting as first intermediate hosts, while transmission to definitive hosts occurs when infected squids are consumed by sharks. These findings provide the first molecular identification of cestode larvae from T. sagittatus in the Mediterranean and highlight the important role of ommastrephid squids in the trophic transmission of elasmobranch parasites in pelagic ecosystems.

Crossobothrium↗
PubMed2000

Aggregata sagittata n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Aggregatidae), a coccidian parasite from the European flying squid Todarodes sagittatus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda).

A new species of the coccidian genus Aggregata Frenzel, 1885 (Apicomplexa, Aggregatidae) is described from the digestive tract of Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck), an ommastrephid squid that lives in temperate waters in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Using light microscopy. oöcysts were 225-333 microm in length and 220-323 microm in width. Each oöcyst contained 600-1,000 sporocysts. Sporocysts were 16-18 microm in length and 15-17 microm in width, with a smooth surface and thick wall. Each sporocyst contained 4-8 sporozoites each with a length of 11-13 microm. This paper presents the description of a new Agregata species in a nerito-oceanic flying squid. Moreover. it extends the distribution of Aggregata to oceanic cephalopod host species. A. sagittata represents the third named species in the genus Aggregata in European waters and the seventh worldwide.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phospholipids in Mediterranean cephalopods.

Polar lipids of the cephalopods Eledone moschata, Sepia officinalis and Todarodes sagittatus mantle, represent 50.5%, 66.1% and 74.2% of wet tissue respectively. On the other hand the polar lipids of these three species of cephalopods constitute of 80.8%, 94.8% and 93.7% of phospholipids, respectively. The main phospholipids identified were phosphatidylcholine (52.2, 51.3 and 58.4% of total phospholipids respectively in the above mentioned species), phosphatidylethanolamine (18.1, 19.7 and 23.9%), sphingomyelin (10.7, 15.2 and 6.7%), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (3.1, 3.8 and 1.8%) and the unusual lipid ceramide aminoethylphosphonic acid (15.9, 10 and 9.2%). The 56.8% of phosphatidylcholine in Eledone moschata, the 46% in Sepia officinalis and the 74.1% in Todarodes sagittatus refer to the structure of 1,2-diacyl-glycerocholine and the remaining percentage refer to the structure of 1-o-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerocholine or 1-o-alkyl-1-enyl-2-acyl-glycerocholine. The 87.2% of phosphatidylethanolamine in Eledone moschata, the 81% in Sepia officinalis and the 90.7% in Todarodes sagittatus refer to the structure of 1,2-diacyl-glyceroethanolamine and the remaining percentage refer to the structure of 1-o-alkyl-2-acyl-glyceroethanolamine or 1-o-alkyl-1-enyl-2-acyl-glyceroethanolamine. The major saturated fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were C16:0 (30.3-67.5% and 23.2-54.5%) and C18:0 (3.6-17% and 15.4-28%), respectively, while the major unsaturated fatty acids in these lipids were C18:1n-9, n-7 (1.0-7.3% and 5.3-10.5%), C20:5n-3 (1.5-9.8% and 4,5-15.8%) and C22:6n-3 (12.5-42.0% and 7.0-11.3%), respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine organisms from the Adriatic Sea, Italy.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in bivalves (Mitylus galloprovincialis), cephalopods (Todarodes sagittatus), crustaceans (Nephrops norvegicus) and fish (Mullus barbatus, Scomber scombrus, Micromesistius poutassou, Merluccius merluccius) in several pools coming from the Central Adriatic Sea. These marine organisms were selected because of their multitude, wide distribution and common use in the Italian diet, they were sampled and analyzed during the year 2004. Acenaphthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene showed levels below the instrumental detection limit in all samples. Fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene were detected at different concentrations in analyzed samples. Chrysene was detected only in mussels with very low values (average 0.74ngg(-1) wet weight). PAHs composition pattern was dominated by the presence of PAHs with 3-rings (62%) followed from those with 4-rings (37%) and 5-rings (1%). Atlantic mackerel, European hake and blue whiting showed the highest PAH concentrations, ranging from 44.1 to 63.3ngg(-1) wet weight, the group of invertebrate organisms showed a level of contamination about three times lower than those of the vertebrate groups. Mediterranean mussels that did not present very high levels of contamination expressed as sum of PAHs showed one of the highest values of benzo(a)pyrene equivalents (BaPEs). Conversely the latter value was very low in Atlantic mackerel even if this species reported the highest total PAH concentrations. No significant correlation was observed between weight, length and trophic levels and total PAHs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The interplay of temperature and protons in the modulation of oxygen binding by squid blood.

An extensive set of data relating to the binding of oxygen by haemocyanin from the squid Todarodes sagittatus has been collected under various experimental conditions. The results obtained show that, within the range of physiological pH, the concentration of protons affects mainly the high-affinity state of the molecule without significantly affecting the low-affinity state. As far as the effect of temperature is concerned, the data show a characteristic feature which is very similar to that previously described in the case of haemoglobins from Arctic mammals such as reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and musk ox. (Ovibos moschatus). The shape of the oxygen equilibrium curve shows strong temperature-dependence, since the overall heat of the binding of oxygen to the low-affinity state of the molecule is strongly exothermic and that to the high-affinity state is very close to zero. The results provide an outline of the intramolecular compromise that, through the interplay of temperature and protons, optimizes the loading and unloading of oxygen under the various environmental conditions experienced by this species of squid.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Comparative aspects of the white body of Cephalopoda and the bone marrow of mammals].

The compared observations carried out in the white body of the Cephalopod Todarodes sagittatus and in the bone marrow of the Mammalian Rattus rattus enabled us to note, especially on the electron microscope, some resemblances among the main cellular types, and namely between leucoblasts and promyeloblasts, between proleucocytes and promyelocytes and between leucocytes and granulocytes. These resemblances are due also to the presence, in both series, of indispensable conditions to the protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. In any case one can assume that the considered series are formed by "synthetic activity cells with irreversible behaviour".

Animals↗