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Rabies immunofluorescence in glycerol-preserved tissues is more intense without acetone fixation. Glycerol preservation of suspected rabid tissue should be avoided whenever possible.
Fourier transform infrared microscopy is a powerful tool for the characterization of mineral and protein in histologic sections of bone. This study was concerned with determining whether techniques used to preserve these tissues and to prepare them for sectioning had an effect on spectral properties. The nu 1, nu 3 phosphate bands in the 900-1200 cm-1 spectral region were used to evaluate the structure of the apatitic mineral in fresh-frozen, ethanol-fixed, and formalin-fixed 35-day-old rat femurs; fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed 20-day-old fetal rat femurs; ground 35-day-old rat diaphyseal bone samples; and formalin-fixed, methacrylate-embedded ground diaphyseal bone. The crystallinity (crystal size and perfection) of the bone apatite was assessed by a curve-fitting analysis of the nu 1, nu 3 phosphate bands. Results indicate that ethanol or formalin fixation of the 35-day-old intact rat femur, and formalin fixation and embedding of the ground rat bone do not significantly alter the crystallinity of the apatite. However, formalin fixation of the fetal rat bone did alter the structure of the apatite mineral phase. In addition, evaluation of protein secondary structure in the 35-day-old rat femur from the Amide I and Amide II vibrations near 1650 and 1550 cm-1, respectively, revealed that protein conformation was altered by ethanol fixation.
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The mercury-tissue-concentrations of implants (structures of the middle ear, bones, cartilage, dura) after preservation in solutions of cialit are mostly independent on preservation conditions, low and seem to be physiological. A positive correlation exists between the weight of the implant and the mercury-tissue concentrations. An enrichment with mercury-ions cannot be stated. The statements do not concern the mercury which is bound on cialit in the implant.
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The present study compares formalin-fixed, deparaffinized and trypsin-treated (DTT) renal tissue sections with frozen sections for detecting immune complex deposition. Both DTT and frozen sections from 52 renal biopsies were stained directly with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antihuman IgG, IgM, IgA, fibrinogen, and C3. DTT sections alone were stained indirectly for C3 using a double conjugate technique. Antigen presence or absence on DTT section was accurately detected in 90 per cent of biopsies for immunoglobulins and fibrinogen and in 75 per cent for C3 when compared to frozen section. Furthermore, antigen deposition was found in 21 per cent of biopsies only on DTT sections (usually because frozen tissue lacked glomeruli). Frozen sections alone were treated with reagents of the fixation-embedding process and directly stained for IgM and C3 to determine antigen stability. Alkaline or neutral formalin pH helped maximize antigen preservation. DTT sections are a valuable tissue source for adjunctive diagnosis of renal disease.
Stress gastritis frequently occurs in association with shock or sepsis. Gastric mucosal ischemia appears to be a key feature in these critically ill patients. The University of Wisconsin cold preservation solution (UWS) is an isoosmolar, nonglucose-based perfusate that minimizes hypothermia-induced cell swelling and prevents intracellular acidosis and oxygen-free radical injury, while providing high energy substrates for donor organs. In a prospective, single-blind study, 18 similar Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided to receive only 5 per cent dextrose and water (D5W) (Group 1) or a 50 per cent solution of D5W+UWS (Group 2) for 72 hours. At the end of 72 hours the animals were stressed by the cold-restraint model. The mean number of ulcers for Group 2 was nearly half that of Group 1. Also, Group 2 had a significantly lower mean total ulcer length (P less than 0.005) and ulcer index (P less than 0.05). Most of Group 2 had mild gastritis changes (grade 0 to 1), while more than half of Group 1 had severe gastritis (grade 3). Gastric mucosal pH was similar for both groups. Topically applied UWS appears to reduce the severity and incidence of stress gastritis in this experimental model. Because mucosal pH values were similar, it is thought that UWS may alter the effects of gastric mucosal ischemia at a cellular level.
The requirement for unfixed tissue is a major drawback in the use of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of inflammatory and neoplastic disease. We describe the use of a novel gel transport medium (U.K. Patent No. WO 90/07703, international patent applications pending) to preserve unfixed skin biopsies from allergic contact dermatitis reactions for 1 week prior to frozen section and immunohistochemistry for leucocyte antigens. The medium can be used with biopsies up to 6 mm3 and does not require any alteration in the usual frozen section or immunohistochemical staining procedures. The results show a subjective improvement in both morphology and staining quality. We believe this to be due to improved cutting of the sections and reduced background staining of collagen. This transport medium should be of considerable benefit to the provision of a clinical service, because it allows tissue for immunohistochemical examination to be taken at locations distant from the pathology laboratory.
It was established that plant tissues killed by various aldehydes in low concentrations, which evoked general enzyme inactivation for a long time retain permeability and lipoprotein bonds in the cell membranes. Such preparations from Elodea Canadensis leaves are used for: Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg toxical effect investigation. It was stated by chemoluminescence methods that these ions induce slow developed oxidative radical chain reaction in lipid cell membranes and break the lipoprotein bonds.
Twenty-five preserved autopsy blood samples of Bhopal toxic gas exposed victims were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with either Nitrogen-Phosphorous detector (NPD) or mass spectrometer (MS) for the presence of methyl carbamyl valine in terms of valine methyl hydantoin (VMH). 84% of these samples showed a positive test for VMH on GC-NPD and the identity of the peaks were further confirmed on GC-MS. The concentration of VMH in the gas-affected positive blood samples ranged from 2.56 to 51.28 nanomoles. These results indicate entry of methyl isocyanate (MIC), one of the constituents of the toxic cloud caused by the disaster, into the blood stream of victims who had inhaled gas.
The foot has two skin surfaces which differ on a morphological and functional basis. The plantar skin is a highly specialized organ which has a dash-pot-like effect in weight bearing. The skin which does not participate in weight bearing covers tendons and a very rich syndesmotic complex. The internal soft tissue is segmented in tiny compartments and therefore ist not extensible. The skin and the rather thin subcutaneous layer are not extensible either because of the proximity and the rigidity of the underlying structures. In consequence, trauma to the soft tissue of the foot may cause compartment syndromes and skin defects, or secondary unstable scars which impede function. Compartment syndromes must be recognized early and treated by immediate release. Fresh skin defects need early coverage when tendons and joints are exposed. There is a variety of local flaps which are evenly good for replacement of retracting scars.
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Until now methods using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for electron microscopy (TMB-EM methods) are all unable to provide a maximum demonstration of transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) while maintaining good ultrastructural tissue preservation. In order to solve this problem, we have attempted to adapt a newly developed, highly sensitive TMB method using sodium tungstate (ST) as the stabilizer (TMB-ST method) for HRP electron microscopic retrograde and anterograde fiber tracing. The present study shows that the TMB-ST method combined with diaminobenzidine-cobalt (DAB-Co) is more sensitive than existing TMB-EM methods and that ultrastructural details are well preserved with this combined method. The resultant reaction product complex after osmication is stable and is observed as characteristic crystal-like structures which are extremely electron dense and often aggregated into clumps. In contrast, the TMB-ST method without the DAB-Co step frequently produces a moderate electron-dense reaction product. Therefore, we recommend the TMB-ST method combined with DAB-Co for HRP electron microscopy.
Artificial intelligence models using digital histopathology slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin offer promising, tissue-preserving diagnostic tools for patients with cancer. Despite their advantages, their clinical utility in real-world settings remains unproven. Assessing EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma demands rapid, accurate and cost-effective tests that preserve tissue for genomic sequencing. PCR-based assays provide rapid results but with reduced accuracy compared with next-generation sequencing and require additional tissue. Computational biomarkers leveraging modern foundation models can address these limitations. Here we assembled a large international clinical dataset of digital lung adenocarcinoma slides (N = 8,461) to develop a computational EGFR biomarker. Our model fine-tunes an open-source foundation model, improving task-specific performance with out-of-center generalization and clinical-grade accuracy on primary and metastatic specimens (mean area under the curve: internal 0.847, external 0.870). To evaluate real-world clinical translation, we conducted a prospective silent trial of the biomarker on primary samples, achieving an area under the curve of 0.890. The artificial-intelligence-assisted workflow reduced the number of rapid molecular tests needed by up to 43% while maintaining the current clinical standard performance. Our retrospective and prospective analyses demonstrate the real-world clinical utility of a computational pathology biomarker.
Preserving pancreatic islets for 7 days by a making use of the organ culture, we studied the insulin-releasing activity at the time of administration of glucose and various digestive tract hormones for the purpose of clarifying the function of preserved pancreatic islets. Furthermore, we transplanted pancreatic islets preserved for 3 to 5 days into the portal vein of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and reached the following conclusions: (1). The islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responded well to glucose up to the seventh day of preservation and showed patterns similar to those of fresh pancreatic islets with respect to both the dose response and the time response. (2). Preserved pancreatic islets of the pancreas had insulin-releasing activity almost equal to that of fresh pancreatic islets against stimulation by glucagon, tolbutamide, and various digestive tract hormones. (3). Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes showed a marked improvement in blood glucose and urine glucose following transplantation of preserved pancreatic islets into the portal vein, and this effectiveness persisted for 6 to 8 weeks.
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