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Results for “Tin Radioisotopes”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Radionuclide therapy for painful bone metastases. An Italian multicentre observational study. Writing Committee of an Ad Hoc Study Group.

BACKGROUND: It has been affirmed that observational studies give analogous results to randomised controlled ones. METHODS: A multicentre observational trial was conducted between 1996-1998 in order to evaluate the efficacy of palliative radionuclide therapy for bone metastases in a large number of patients. An evaluation was made on 510 patients with prostate cancer and painful bone metastases, treated with a single iv. dose of 89Sr-chloride (527 treatments) or 186Re-HEDP (83 treatments), in 29 Italian Nuclear Medicine Departments. Eighty-one patients received up to five injections, totalling 100 retreatments. Patients were followed up for a period of 3 months-2 years. Results were expressed at four levels of response: excellent, good, mild, and nil. RESULTS: Responses were excellent in 26.4%, good in 33.3%, mild in 21.3% and nil in 19% of all treatments, while good and excellent responses were obtained in 48% of retreatments. No statistically significant correlations were found between response and age of patients, skeletal extension of tumour, pretherapeutic PSA levels, evidence of non-bony metastases, previous chemotherapy and/or external-beam radiotherapy; osteolytic lesions responded worse than osteoblastic or mixed ones. Hematological toxicity (mild to moderate), mainly affecting platelets, was observed in 25.5% of all treatments and in 38.9% of retreatments. No clear differences were found between the two radiopharmaceuticals employed. CONCLUSIONS: Bearing in mind that observational studies can provide just as accurate results as randomised controlled trials, this study confirms the main findings of various limited monocentre trials.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Mechanism of the effect of atriopeptin on regional blood flow].

Atriopeptin exerts a direct regulatory vasodilating effect on the mechanism of the regional blood flow maintenance. Under preliminary activation of vascular tone the atrial factor can produce the smooth muscle relaxation. Atriopeptin II is the most active among the three types of atriopeptin, atriopeptin III is the least active.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Radiopharmaceuticals in clinical trials.

Several radiopharmaceuticals with a propensity to concentrate in painful metastatic bone cancer lesions are under development as a systemic radiation alternative to 32P. All are reactor produced and, when injected, have in all but 117mSn-DTPA decreased or eliminated the pain in more than three quarters of the patients, and all have caused transient myelotoxicity. Three of the four are under clinical evaluation and the generated data will be used for new drug applications for routine human use.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tissue preparation technique for microsphere assays of blood flow.

A simple method for preparing standardized tissue samples for microsphere assay of tissue blood flow is described. By reduction of tissue samples into a liquid state and centrifugation of the microspheres to the bottom of conical-shaped counting vials, the microspheres within all tissue and blood reference samples attain the same counting geometry. The validity and reproducibility of this technique has been established for planar-configured gamma-ray detectors in an in-situ porcine kidney model. A positive correlation coefficient of r = 0.99 was observed between the total kidney blood flow, as measured by a calibrated Transonic flow probe, and the microsphere reference sample technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Radionuclide development at BNL for nuclear medicine therapy.

Radionuclides with medium energy beta emission and a several day half-life have often been viewed as attractive candidates for radioimmunotherapy. Among the most promising in this category are 47Sc, 67Cu, 153Sm, 188Re, and 199Au. The production of 67Cu, 153Sm, 199Au at BNL is summarized and the development of the latest candidate for this application, 47Sc, is described in detail. We also summarize the development of another important therapeutic radionuclide, 117mSn for bone pain palliation.

Copper Radioisotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood flow in the rabbit maxillary sinus mucosa during experimentally induced acute sinusitis.

The blood flow in the maxillary sinus mucosa was studied in 35 New Zealand White rabbits. The blood flow measurements were made by two methods, one with use of Rb86Cl and the other with 15 microns Sn113-labelled microspheres. With the Rb86Cl method the blood flow of the infected sinus mucosa was about 0.8 ml x min-1 x g-1 when correction was made for radioactivity in the secretion. The radioactivity found in the secretion probably reflects an increase both in vascular and mucosal permeability and in blood flow. When microspheres labelled with Sn113 were used, the mean mucosal blood flow in the presence of sinusitis was found to be 0.83 +/- 0.56 ml x min-1 x g-1. This blood flow was significantly higher than on the control side. In a control series, mere blocking of the ostium did not significantly alter the blood flow in the sinus mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of blood flow to the tibial diaphysis using 11-microns radioactive microspheres. A comparative study in the adult rabbit.

The commonly used size of microsphere for bone blood flow estimation is 15 microns, because it has appeared to be the smallest size that is not subject to significant nonentrapment in bone. Soft-tissue studies suggest that it is microspheres of 9-10 microns or less that pass through peripheral tissues and give low calculated flows, whereas many vessels passing into and within cortical bone are less than 15 microns in diameter. We have therefore performed a comparison between microspheres approximately 15 and 11 microns in average size. Blood flows to the cortex and marrow of the tibial diaphysis, and to the skeletal muscle of the anterior compartment, were obtained in six adult New Zealand White rabbits by the reference sample technique, injecting microspheres of 16.5 +/- 0.1 microns and 11.3 +/- 0.1 microns simultaneously. The calculated cortical flows averaged 2.07 and 2.51 ml/min/100 g, respectively, and the marrow flows 26.63 and 24.92 ml/min/100 g. Mean skeletal muscle flows were 15.57 and 14.54 ml/min/100 g, respectively. There were no significant differences between the calculated flows for the two sizes of microsphere. Thus, the smaller microspheres do not appear by this method to be subject to significant nonentrapment, and they are therefore suitable for blood flow measurement in these tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ion exchange chromatography on a new form of tin dioxide for the isolation of strontium radioisotopes from fission products: an application to milk samples.

An amorphous, partially-reduced tin dioxide, having properties of an inorganic exchanger, was tested for application to fission product separations. Due to the good sorption of both strontium and barium the application of the exchanger to radiostrontium isolation from fission product mixtures is subject to important restrictions. An application to 90Sr determination in milk is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

110Sn/110In--a new generator system for positron emission tomography.

A generator system, 110Sn/110In, is suggested for use in the labelling of leukocytes with this short-lived (t1/2 = 1.15 h) positron emitting (62%) isotope of indium. The half-life gives the labelled leukocytes time to be adequately distributed but is short enough to allow repeated studies within a few hours. The mother radionuclide 110Sn (t1/2 = 4.15 h) is produced by the reaction natIn(p, xn)110Sn which has a maximum cross-section of 110 mb at approx. 70 MeV and a practical yield of 400 MBq/microAh.

Indium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1990

The role of the tibial nutrient artery. Microsphere estimation of blood flow in the osteotomised canine tibia.

There has been a long-standing debate as to whether medullary or periosteal flow is the dominant vascular supply during the healing of diaphyseal fractures. We used radioactive microspheres to quantify blood flow to the canine tibia two weeks after an osteotomy. There was a significant contribution from the periosteum to the blood supply of healing cortical bone after nutrient artery ligation, with a reversal of flow from a centrifugal to a centripetal direction. Our study has confirmed the qualitative observations of Trueta (1974) regarding the significant recruitment of vessels from surrounding soft tissue during fracture healing. We have not studied the later stages of healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Computerized stripping method for multiple nuclide microsphere studies.

Radiolabeled microspheres are commonly used to measure cardiac output and regional blood flow distribution in small animals such as rats. By using batches of microspheres labeled with different nuclides, several flow measurements can be made in the same animal. A protocol and computer program for analyzing data from multiple nuclide microsphere experiments are described. This protocol is designed to reduce the amount of arterial blood which must be withdrawn during microsphere distribution and eliminate the potential loss of data due to contamination of reference samples by nuclides used in previous flow measurements.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Changes in regional blood flow distribution and oxygen supply during hypoxia in conscious rats.

The effects of acute hypoxia on central hemodynamics, regional blood flow, and regional oxygen supply (blood flow x arterial O2 concentration) were studied in conscious resting rats. Regional blood flow was determined by the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Blood pressure, heart rate; and aortic blood flow increased and total peripheral resistance decreased significantly during hypoxia. Blood flow to brain, respiratory muscles, and liver increased both in absolute value and as a fraction of the aortic blood flow. Fractional blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas, skin, fat, and hindlimb bones decreased during hypoxia; blood flow decreased in absolute values only in stomach and fat. Oxygen supply to brain, respiratory muscles, and liver increased during hypoxia, whereas it decreased in the remaining organs investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Radioactive microsphere validation of a volume localized continuous saturation perfusion measurement.

Detre et al. (Magn. Reson. Med. 23, 37-45 (1992)) and Zhang et al., (Magn. Reson. Med. 25, 362 (1992)) have recently demonstrated a technique for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) based on the continuous saturation (or inversion) of the arterial blood supply to the brain in rats at 4.7 T. In the work reported here, we combined this technique with volume localized (PRESS) readouts to benefit from recording "perfusion" signals averaged over a larger volume, resulting in rapid acquisition of data with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for application at 2.0 T. In 10 baseline flow measurements, the mean error between the NMR technique and the microsphere flow measurement was -1.5% with a standard deviation of 15.2%. For five measurements obtained with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, the mean error was -32.4 +/- 20.2%. Perfusion measurements from a single animal under hypercapnic conditions indicated that the NMR technique could underestimate rCBF at high flow rates. An error analysis of the NMR perfusion model is also presented, along with results for typical parameters encountered at 2.0 T.

Animals↗