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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Radiographic evaluation of obesity-caused oppression of the thoracic cavity in beagles.

Thoracic radiographs of fifteen beagles with mild-to-moderate obesity revealed that oppression of the thoracic cavity increased with increasing degree of obesity. Oppression of the thoracic cavity was evaluated based on the length, depth, width and area of the thoracic cavity. To obtain thoracic radiographs at the terminal inspiration and expiration phases, thoracic fluororadiographs were recorded with a digital video camera. Bodyweight and the depth of the back fat layer at the seventh lumbar vertebra (DB, measured by ultrasonography) were used as indicators of the degree of obesity. The length of the thoracic cavity tended to become shorter and the depth and width of the thoracic cavity tended to increase as bodyweight increased and as DB increased. On the other hand, the area of the thoracic cavity was not clearly related to bodyweight or DB. These results suggest that oppression of the thoracic cavity due to the cranial shift of the diaphragm is compensated for by increases in the depth and width of the thoracic cavity in beagles with mild-to-moderate obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Mobilization of the phrenic nerve in the thoracic cavity by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Techniques and initial experience.

BACKGROUND: The use of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) techniques to mobilize the phrenic nerve in the thoracic cavity for neurotization after brachial plexus injury was studied. METHODS: From August 1999 to January 2000, 10 men and 1 woman with brachial plexus injury (left side in 5 and right side in 6) joined the study group. Their ages ranged from 20 to 38 years (average, 28 years). Supine after general anesthesia, all the patients had double-lumen trachea cannulas to guarantee complete lung collapse on the operative side. Three port incisions were made to allow introduction of the following: a 10-mm Stryker endoscope through the sixth intercostal space 2 cm medial to the anterior axillary line, one instrument for manipulation in the anterior axillary line of the third intercostal space, and another in the second intercostal space about 2 cm lateral to the parasternal line. The nerve was mobilized with two common long Mixter clamps and some endoscopic instruments by blunt and sharp dissection. RESULTS: All patients were managed successfully without severe complications. The mean additional length of phrenic nerves by this technique was 16 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Mobilization of the phrenic nerve by VATS is a safe and minimally invasive method for elongating the nerve for neurotization after brachial plexus injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case report of emergency surgery for ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm into the right thoracic cavity].

Rupture of aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta into the right thoracic cavity is an uncommon manifestation and, therefore, carries a high mortality rate. Sixty seven-year-old female was referred to our hospital due to ruptured aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta into the right thoracic cavity. Emergency operation was performed to replace the ruptured descending thoracic aorta through a left thoracotomy and to remove huge hematoma in the right thoracic cavity through a right thoracotomy. Post-operative chest radiograph showed well-expanded right lung which appears to prevent a serious respiratory complication. The patient recovered uneventfully after seven days of respiratory support.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Effect of one-lung ventilation on oxygen delivery in anesthetized dogs with an open thoracic cavity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of one-lung ventilation on oxygen delivery in anesthetized dogs with an open thoracic cavity. ANIMALS: 8 clinically normal adult Walker Hound dogs. PROCEDURE: Each dog was anesthetized and subjected to one-lung ventilation during a period when it had an open thoracic cavity. A Swan-Ganz catheter was used to measure hemodynamic variables and obtain mixed-venous blood samples. A catheter was inserted in the dorsal pedal artery to measure arterial pressure and obtain arterial blood samples. Oxygen delivery index was calculated and used to assess effects of one-lung ventilation on cardiopulmonary function. Effects on hemodynamic and pulmonary variables were analyzed. RESULTS: One-lung ventilation caused significant decreases in PaO2, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), mixed-venous oxygen saturation, and arterial oxygen content (CaO2). One-lung ventilation caused significant increases in PaCO2, physiologic dead space, and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. Changes in SaO2, CaO2, and PaCO2, although significantly different, were not considered to be of clinical importance. One-lung ventilation induced a significant increase in pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and shunt fraction. One-lung ventilation did not have a significant effect on cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, pulmonary vascular resistance index, and oxygen delivery index. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: One-lung ventilation affected gas exchange and hemodynamic function, although oxygen delivery in clinically normal dogs was not affected during a period with an open thoracic cavity. One-lung ventilation can be used safely in healthy dogs with an open thoracic cavity during surgery.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Chest wall myxoma protruding into the thoracic cavity.

Myxoma protruding from the chest wall into the thoracic cavity is very rare. We report our experience in treating a 42-year-old man admitted for a painless mass on the anterior chest wall. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a sharply defined 5 x 4 x 4 cm mass protruding from the chest wall into the thoracic cavity, which we excised surgically. Histologically, the tumor proved to be a myxoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of benign cystic teratoma growing in the thoracic cavity].

A case with benign cystic teratoma growing in the thoracic cavity, which is rare in Japan, in a 49-year-old woman is reported. She complained a chest pain suddenly. Chest X-ray examination revealed an abnormal shadow and pleural effusion in the right lung field. Chest CT scan and MRI disclosed a capsulated tumor in the thoracic cavity. During surgery the tumor had adhered to the part of the parietal pleura with no continuity with anterior mediastinum. The tumor measured 11.0 x 9.5 cm in size and was a mature cystic teratoma with pancreatic tissue, histologically. The fluid levels of amylase extracted from the tumor was highly elevated. Rupture due to autodigestion by pancreatic amylase of the tumor was supposed to be a cause of chest pain.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[A case showing a free substance in the thoracic cavity detected during surgery in lung cancer considered to the precursor of the so-called "intrathoracic calculus"].

A 56-year-old male showed a pearl-like free substance in the thoracic cavity during operation for pulmonary cancer. In the thoracic cavity, apart from a small quantity of fluid, no particularly abnormal finding, such as calcification, pleural plaque, etc. was seen in the parietal pleura. Further, the pulmonary pleura showed no abnormal findings, except for pleural indentation at the site of the tumor. On histopathological examination of the free substance, it was spherical, with fat forming the nucleus, and covered by fibrous and hyaline tissue. The fat forming the nucleus of the free substance was assumed to have been derived from a lipoma or fat in the thoracic cavity or on the pulmonary pleura which had become detached. This free substance is believed to be the precursor of an "intrathoracic calculus", as designated by Takiguchi et al. This is very rare and is believed to be only the second such case in Japanese or foreign literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of gastric lavage and thoracic cavity lavage in the treatment of severe hypothermia in dogs.

A study was undertaken to compare warm gastric (Group 1) and closed thoracic cavity (Group 2) lavage for rewarming severely hypothermic dogs. Adult mongrel dogs were monitored by intra-arterial catheter, central venous catheter, and ECG, and by central venous, esophageal, and rectal temperature probes. Animals were externally cooled to an average of 21.2 C using ice bags. Eight Group 1 and eight Group 2 animals underwent continuous warm saline gastric or closed thoracic cavity lavage, respectively, using afferent and efferent nasogastric and thoracostomy tubes. No animal suffered ventricular fibrillation during tube placement. The closed lavage system consisted of a high-efficiency heat exchanger, a roller pump infusion device, and a heat exchange fluid bath. The lavage fluid circulated at a flow rate of 550 mL/min and a temperature of 39 C. Thoracic lavage animals were followed clinically for 24 hours for evidence of complications, then euthanized and autopsied. The mean time required to rewarm the animals 10 C by central venous temperature probe was 210.9 +/- 18.6 minutes for the gastric group and 99.3 +/- 23.0 minutes for the thoracic group (P less than .001). Rectal temperature consistently lagged behind central venous temperature during both the cooling and rewarming phases in both treatment groups. All of the thoracic lavage animals made an uneventful recovery. Continuous warm saline thoracic cavity lavage for core rewarming of severely hypothermic dogs is more effective than gastric lavage, and appears to be safe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Development study on model WY multi-functional thoracic cavity closed drainage system].

Based on the improved design of the existing thoracic cavity closed drainage system, a new multi-functional device is developed and is described here in detail. The device is more convenient and more efficient than the existing system. Besides, it has a function of autotransfusion. Animal experimental results show that it has attained the goal of the improved design.

Drainage↗
PubMed1998

Approach to dissection of the anterior thoracic wall and the entrance to the thoracic cavity.

Dissection of the anterior chest wall typically precedes the opening of the thoracic cavity. The techniques for exposing and subsequently reflecting or removing the structures of the anterior chest wall have been well described. However, these approaches that involve the systematic dissection of the layers of tissue overlying the anterior thoracic wall prior to the removal of the anterior thoracic wall render the pectoral regions and axillas unfit for continued study. The authors offer an alternative dissection that allows continued access to the thoracic cavity while maintaining the integrity of the pectoral and axillary regions. This new technique may facilitate more efficient use and complete study of each specimen.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1991

Detection of bile leakage into the thoracic cavity by hepatobiliary scintigraphy.

We report early detection of bile leakage into the thoracic cavity by hepatobiliary scintigraphy in a rare case of spontaneous withdrawal of the catheter for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographic drainage (PTCD). An 81-year-old man with inoperable carcinoma of the common bile duct was readmitted with a 38 degrees C fever and suspected bile leakage from the hepatic biliary tree following withdrawal of the catheter for PTCD. While plain X-ray immediately after readmission revealed no abnormality in the chest or abdomen, hepatobiliary scintigraphy revealed not only bile leakage into the right thoracic cavity but also the site of laceration. We conclude that hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a simple, non-invasive procedure useful in the early detection and localization of bile leakage following spontaneous withdrawal of the catheter for PTCD.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Cardiopulmonary effects of positive end-expiratory pressure during one-lung ventilation in anesthetized dogs with a closed thoracic cavity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects on oxygen delivery (DO2) of 2.5 and 5 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) applied to the dependent lung during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in anesthetized dogs with a closed thoracic cavity. ANIMALS: 7 clinically normal adult Walker Hound dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were anesthetized, and catheters were inserted in a dorsal pedal artery and the pulmonary artery. Dogs were positioned in right lateral recumbency, and data were collected during OLV (baseline), after application of 2.5 cm H2O of PEEP for 15 minutes during OLV, and after application of 5 cm H2O of PEEP for 15 minutes during OLV. Hemodynamic and respiratory variables were analyzed and calculations performed to obtain DO2, and values were compared among the various time points by use of an ANOVA for repeated measures. RESULTS: PEEP induced a significant decrease in shunt fraction that resulted in a significant increase in arterial oxygen saturation. However, it failed to significantly affect arterial oxygen content (CaO2) or cardiac output. Thus, DO2 was not affected in healthy normoxemic dogs as a net result of the application of PEEP. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of PEEP during OLV in anesthetized dogs with a closed thoracic cavity did not affect DO2. Use of PEEP during OLV in dogs with a closed thoracic cavity is recommended because it does not affect cardiac output and any gain in CaO2 will be beneficial for DO2 in critically ill patients.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Effect of an intrathoracic injection of sodium hyaluronic acid on the prevention of pleural thickening in excess fluid of tuberculous thoracic cavity.

1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a hyaluronate-based gel (HAbg) on the prevention of pleural thickening and adhesion in tuberculous pleural effusions (TPE). 2. Fifty-two patients who had accumulated a medium or large volume of tuberculous thoracic fluid, fluid being bound by fibre tissues and a pleura thickened more than 2 mm were divided randomly into two groups. All patients were all given standard treatments with antituberculous drugs. The HAbg was injected into the thoracic cavity in the treatment group (n = 27 patients), whereas normal saline was introduced into the thoracic cavity in the control group (n = 25 patients). Before and after HAbg injection, routine thoracic fluid examinations (including qualitative protein analysis, cell counts and classification of cell types) and protein quantification were performed. A chest radiograph and B-ultrasound were performed and pulmonary function was tested after 2 weeks and 3 months of thoracic fluid absorption. 3. The results show that patients who were treated with the HAbg had a significantly thinner pleura, a lower protein concentration and white blood cell count in the thoracic fluid and a higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity compared with patients in the control group. 4. Intrathoracic HAbg can prevent pleural thickening and improve lung function in patients who have a large amount of TPE.

Adolescent↗