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Results for “Therapist variable”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Differences between nonprofessional recovering alcoholic counselors treating Bowery alcoholics: a study of therapist variables.

Several treatment variables have been suggested as critical in the outcome of psychiatric therapy. These can be categorized as patient variables, therapy variables, and therapist variables. This study utilized a homogeneous Bowery-patient population, treated in a comprehensive inpatient treatment and rehabilitation program, and attempted to assess differences among nonprofessional recovering alcoholic counselors. The therapeutic outcome of the alcoholic patients was correlated with the values held by the counselors as assessed on the Rokeach Value Scale, suggesting that this instrument may provide an easy to administer and inexpensive screening method for counselors of patients suffering from alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Differences between more and less effective psychotherapists: a study of select therapist variables.

This study examined differences between more and less effective trainee psychotherapists. Therapists were assigned to one of two groups depending on whether the preponderance of their patients' changes in symptomatology indicated more or less improvement over the course of therapy. Therapist variables included emotional adjustment, relationship skills, eliciting patient involvement, credibility, directiveness, and theoretical orientation. Less effective therapists were revealed to have lower levels of empathic understanding, to rate their patients as more involved in treatment, and to rate themselves as more supportive than the more effective therapists. Less effective therapists also valued comfort and stimulation significantly more and valued intellectual goals significantly less than did more effective therapists.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Secondary therapist variables operating in short-term insight-oriented, and behaviour therapy.

Three therapists from a short-term insight orientation and three practicing behaviour therapy each provided treatment to five clients over a three-month course of therapy. Measurement of therapists' attitudes was taken at the beginning of treatment, at the mid-point, and at the conclusion of therapy, and tapped the therapist's attitude towards the suitability of the treatment administered, the patient's attitude toward the therapist (as perceived by the therapist), the type of patient and problem presented, and attraction to and liking for the patient. Pre-post-outcome measurement was also undertaken on a range of selected criteria. Results showed that behaviour therapists both believed more in the efficacy of their treatment throughout the course of therapy, and perceived their clients to be more positively disposed towards them than did insight-oriented therapists. Data highlight the role played by such secondary factors as these therapist variables, and emphasize the potential error in attributing therapeutic effects solely to traditional primary variables defined in terms of the treatment techniques or procedures being utilized.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Analyses of therapist variables in a series of psychotherapy sessions with two child clients.

Studied the process of child psychotherapy by means of an analyses of therapist verbal behaviors. Audio-video recordings were made of nine intermittent psychotherapy sessions with 2 child clients, aged 8 and 12. A randomized mastertape of 4-minute segments was rated for empathic understanding and respect by means of the Carkhuff scales. Transcripts were categorized by means of the Hill Counselor Verbal Response Category System, and a preliminary set of 12 grammatical variables. Transcripts were minutized, and all the therapist variables were intercorrelated and factor-analyzed. According to the research expectations, high levels of interrater reliabilities for the Carkhuff scales and relatively high agreement levels for Hill's system were found. Analyses of the therapist variables demonstrated the nature of the therapeutic interventions as well as the pattern of change across successive psychotherapy sessions. The overall verbal response behavior of each therapist was summarized best through the factor analyses. Communalities and individual differences between the therapists were discussed. Future directions for the study of therapist variables in child psychotherapy process research were indicated.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2001

Quality of working alliance in psychotherapy: therapist variables and patient/therapist similarity as predictors.

Therapist characteristics were explored as possible predictors of working alliance, rated early and later in therapy both by therapists (n=59) and patients (n=270) in an ongoing multisite project on process and outcome of psychotherapy. Patients and therapists had divergent perspectives on the working alliance. Therapists' experience, training, skill, and progress as therapists did not have any significant impact on alliance as rated by patients. Training and skill were positively related to alliance as rated by therapists. Interpersonal relationships on the cold-warm dimension had a moderate impact for both patients' and therapists' alliance ratings. Some implications for therapist training are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Client, treatment, and therapist variables related to outcome in brief, systems-oriented family therapy.

Client, therapist, and treatment characteristics were examined with respect to how much of the variance they could account for in a variety of outcome measures. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine relationships among each of the client, therapist, and treatment characteristics studied and the various outcome measures. For the 219 families that were treated with brief family therapy, only a relatively low amount of variance in any of the outcome measures could be accounted for. The amount of explained variance, however, varied considerably from one outcome measure to the other. When the more homogeneous groups of clients (single parents or adolescent identified patients) were considered, the amount of explained variance generally showed an increase. Different sets of client, therapist, and treatment variables accounted for the variance in these outcome measures across client groups, demonstrating both the complexities of the relationships and the relative independence of various outcome measures. New variables are suggested for future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Therapists, therapist variables, and cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in a multicenter trial for panic disorder.

The relationship between therapists and treatment outcome was examined in 14 highly trained therapists who participated in the Multicenter Collaborative Study for the Treatment of Panic Disorder. Overall, therapists yielded positive outcomes in their caseloads; yet, therapists significantly differed in the magnitude of change among caseloads. Effect sizes for therapist impact on outcome measures varied from 0% to 18%. Overall experience in conducting psychotherapy was related to outcome on some measures, whereas age, gender, gender match, and experience with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) were not. Therapists with above- and below-average outcomes were rated similarly on measures of adherence and competency. The results suggest that therapists make a contribution to outcome in CBT for panic disorder, even when patients are relatively uniform, treatment is structured, and outcome is positive. Implications for future clinical outcome studies and for training clinicians are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Failures in group psychotherapy: the therapist variable.

Failures in group psychotherapy are well-known to practitioners in the field. The author contends that the unresolved, irrational fears of the therapist, in particular the fear of abandonment and the fear of engulfment, are major contributors to failures in group psychotherapy. Clinical vignettes are used to illustrate the impact these fears of the therapist have on patients at the initial, middle, and end phases of therapy. The author suggests ways to recognize the potential for failure and recommends several methods by which therapists can help themselves diminish failure in group psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Psychotherapy for massively traumatized refugees: the therapist variable.

In the treatment of severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), much emphasis is put on techniques, especially behavioral therapies. Such techniques negate the importance of the therapist as an individual in the treatment of complex PTSD as presented in severely traumatized refugees. The specific difficulties encountered by this population and the therapist responses are discussed: the need to tell the trauma story and the therapist's ability to listen; the patient's need for constancy and therapist's ability to stay; the patient's need to give and the therapist's ability to receive; the patient's problem with evil and the therapist's ability to believe. Case examples illustrate the approach and then discuss how generalizable this experience is to other populations. Research implications are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Management variables as predictors of service utilization by the elderly in mental health.

The problem of underservice to the elderly in mental health settings has been conceptionalized in terms of client variables, therapist variables, and systems variables. This investigation of management variables as a type of system level variable reveals that number of staff assigned to work with the elderly is strongly related to outpatient service use and that number of elders on the advisory board is an inverse predictor of inpatient use. It is recommended that future work on the underservice problem focus on system level analysis and intervention.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Nurse therapist trainee variability: the implications for selection and training.

This paper examines some of the data obtained from the Joint Board of Clinical Nursing Studies Course Number 650, which ran at the Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals, London, 1978-1979. During this particular training programme, eight nurse therapist trainees treated a total of 251 patients assessed as suitable for behaviour therapy. Data were collected from patients by trainees on four separate occasions; before treatment, after treatment, and at follow-up intervals of 1 and 6 months. It was suggested that therapists would vary systematically in terms of the assessment scores used to measure outcome. This was explored using analysis of variance techniques, where several treatment outcome measures were used as dependent variables. The analyses, which were undertaken using SPSS and GLIM computer packages, clearly demonstrated therapist variability. The results are discussed within the theoretical framework of Sudman & Braburn's (1974) interviewing model and O'Muircheartaigh & Wiggins' (1981) consideration of response errors. The implications for the selection and training of nurse therapists are presented. The final conclusion of the paper is that, although the patient's clinical outcome may be related to therapist allocation, the eight trainees allowed themselves to 'open' their activities to this evaluative approach--which in turn demonstrates their professionalism.

Adolescent↗