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15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Neurology pioneers in Japan.

The pioneers of neurology in Japan were professors Hiroshi Kawahara and Kinnosuke Miura. Kawahara published the first description of progressive bulbar palsy and wrote the first neurology textbook in Japan. Miura, on the other hand, published studies about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in addition to participating in the founding of the Japanese Society of Neurology. The influence of European neurology, particularly French and German, in the figures of Professor Jean-Martin Charcot and Professor Erwin Bälz, was fundamental in the consolidation of neurology in Japan.

Japan↗
PubMed1979

Representations of homosexuality in health science textbooks.

Discussions of homosexual behavior in 35 publications (textbooks, trade books, pamphlets) in the fields of health science and sex education were reviewed. Ten books referred to the subject. Major findings of the study were: homosexual behavior receives significant attention in only 1 of the 10 publications; discussions of homosexuality contain a number of hidden biases; a large number of factual errors can be identified in most publications; and most authors seem to believe that homosexual behavior may be tolerated during adolescence but, at the same time, should be a source of concern to teenagers.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of gastric ulcer. The randomized clinical trials from 1964 to 1974 and their impact.

Twenty-nine randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from the decade 1964-74 evaluating treatments of gastric ulcer have been analyzed. None of them ful-filled all criteria for an ideal RCT. The most frequent shortcomings were: short treatment or follow-up periods, incomplete description of the patients included, small patient samples, suboptimal experimental design, lack of double-blind testing, high number of drop-outs, less precise or less relevant types of evaluation of the treatment effect, uncontrolled ancillary treatment, or lack of statistical evaluation of the results. The most frequently tested drug was carbenoxolone, which has been shown to be clearly effective. Judged by the effect on the recommendations in standard medical textbooks the impact of the best RCTs have been small. This situation emphasizes the need for more well-planned and performed RCTs on treatments of gastric ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Another seventeenth-century denigration of Gaspare Tagliacozzi.

Gaspare Tagliacozzi published his carefully documented procedures for nasal reconstruction at the end of the sixteenth century. However, almost all authorities in the succeeding century failed to give him credence. Although his name was widely known, his work became an object of scorn. James Cooke, author of one of the most popular English surgical textbooks of the seventeenth century, in an amusing and previously unnoted reference, adds to this denigration and helps to explain why nasal reconstruction became a subject of satire in England.

England↗
PubMed1979

Ongoing evaluation of a behavioural sciences course for medical students: uses, methods, limitations.

This paper describes a system of ongoing student evaluation of a behavioral sciences course for medical students. Student opinion about all aspects of the course is tapped, using a variety of methods including formal and informal discussion between staff and students; and written evaluations of lectures, tutorials, textbooks, assignments, and methods of assessing students' performance. The evolution of the evaluation programme into its present form is described, together with the way in which student evaluations are used, and the limitations of these methods of evaluating a course.

Attitude↗
PubMed1977

[Integrated teaching of morphological sciences in medical training].

To provide more information to participants in the Second Meeting of the Textbook Committee of PAHO/WHO for the teaching of the Morphological Sciences in the Medical Schools of Latin American, a survey was held of the departments of those sciences, in 150 Latin American schools to acquire updated information on the academic organization, the work schedule of the teachers, the levels of integration of the instruction, use of textbooks by students, and the degree of familiarity with the PAHO/WHO Testbook Program and its coverage. The results of the survey, presented in detail in this document, demonstrate the persistence of most of the problems discussed in the First Meeting of the Committee (1969), which makes it necessary to reconsider the integrated teaching of the morphological sciences and the strategies for attaining it. The document also analyzes the development of the morphological sciences and of integration in them.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of an integrated multi-media learning system.

Two teaching methods were compared: (1) the traditional way with textbooks, practical guidance, personal demonstration, and (2) an integrated multimedia system with text programme, slide-sound-show accompanying the experiment, and lecturer. Two samples of thirty-one students each were classified in twin groups by means of psychological tests. Both groups worked with the identical pretest/post-test and different training procedures. The integrated multi-media system produced highly significant more gain in the theoretical sphere, greater personal confidence, and lower experimental error. Furthermore positive attitude of the students towards the experiment was demonstrated. The improved performance was statistically proved by t-test and covariance analysis.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1977

Programmed texts: success or failure? An analysis of medical students' opinions.

It is shown that German medical textbooks have sold about nine times better than programmed texts, even if they were written by the same author and on the same subject. To explore some of the reasons why programmed texts are being used so little in comparison with conventional textbooks, 4th and 5th year medical students of the University of Berne were asked to work through a short programmed text in clinical neurology and to answer questions related to several aspects of using programmed texts and other materials. The analysis of the 212 questionnaires returned (58%) indicates that almost all students considered such a learning experience as highly useful and stimulating, but only about 25 per cent had no reservations. It is concluded that programmed medical texts may be used so little because they require students to learn in a highly standardized way, and because students need additional learning resources which provide them with conceptual framework of and sufficient information about a given area.

Adult↗