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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Postnatal development of the annulospiral endings of Ia fibers in muscle spindles of the mouse temporal muscle.

The formation of the annulospiral endings of Ia fibers in muscle spindles was investigated in the temporal muscle of developing mice. From 15 to 20 d after birth, there were only a few spindles with "++" sensory endings. With growth of mice, the primary endings of the Ia fiber began to develop its spiral endings. And by the 30th postnatal day (that is, after weaning), almost all of the Ia fibers had completely coiled endings though the formation was still continuing in some spindles at this time. Formation of the annulospiral endings of the Ia fibers of muscle spindles in the temporal muscle was completed earlier than that of fibers in the spindles in the masseter muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The anatomical basis for surgical preservation of temporal muscle.

OBJECT: Mobilizing the temporal muscle is a common neurosurgical maneuver. Unfortunately, the cosmetic and functional complications that arise from postoperative muscular atrophy can be severe. Proper function of the muscle depends on proper innervation, vascularization, muscle tension, and the integrity of muscle fibers. In this study the authors describe the anatomy of the temporal muscle and report technical nuances that can be used to prevent its postoperative atrophy. METHODS: This study was designed to determine the susceptibility of the temporal muscle to injury during common surgical dissection. The authors studied the anatomy of the muscle and its vascularization and innervation in seven cadavers. A zygomatic osteotomy was performed followed by downward mobilization of the temporal muscle by using subperiosteal dissection, which preserved the muscle and allowed a study of its arterial and neural components. The temporal muscle is composed of a main portion and three muscle bundles. The muscle is innervated by the deep temporal nerves, which branch from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. Blood is supplied through a rich anastomotic connection between the deep temporal arteries (anterior and posterior) on the medial side and the middle temporal artery (a branch of the superficial temporal artery [STA]) on the lateral side. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these anatomical findings, the authors recommend the following steps to preserve the temporal muscle: 1) preserve the STA; 2) prevent injury to the facial branches by using subfascial dissection; 3) use a zygomatic osteotomy to avoid compressing the muscle, arteries, and nerves, and for greater exposure when retracting the muscle; 4) dissect the muscle in subperiosteal retrograde fashion to preserve the deep vessels and nerves; 5) deinsert the muscle to the superior temporal line without cutting the fascia; and 6) reattach the muscle directly to the bone.

Atrophy↗
PubMed2003

Measurement of muscle hardness using a hardness meter: application to the masseter and temporal muscles and reproducibility of measurement.

This study was designed to evaluate the intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of measurements of masticatory muscle hardness and to confirm that the muscle hardness increases with contraction using a commercially available muscle meter. Twenty healthy asymptomatic female subjects participated in this study. Hardness was expressed as numerical relative values (0-100). First, muscle hardness was measured at a standardized point located in the masseter muscle and temporal muscle in a randomized order by two examiners, and again by one of the same examiners after ten minutes for the reproducibility study. Then the muscle hardness was measured at each point for 0 kgf, 3 kgf, 6 kgf, and 9 kgf levels of bite force. As a result, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis revealed good intra-examiner reliability in the masseter muscle (ICC = 0.711), good intra-examiner reliability in the temporal muscle (ICC = 0.643), good inter-examiner reliability in the masseter muscle (ICC = 0.631), and unacceptable inter-examiner reliability in the temporal muscle (ICC = 0.008). Also, our results showed that muscle hardness increased with contraction, and relationships with a slope of 1.229, a y-intercept of 62.513, and a correlation coefficient of 0.448 were observed in the masseter muscle. However, no correlation was found between muscle hardness and bite force in the temporal muscle. The findings indicate that measurement of hardness provides reliable physiological information about the masseter muscle in this setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Fundamental study of the relationship between the lateral mandibular position and the bulging of the temporal muscle region.

Greene proposed a temporal-muscle-gripping method to judge the suitability of the mandibular position by gripping the temporal muscle region. Ogiwara examined the relationship between the anteroposterior mandibular position and the bulging of the temporal muscle region. However, the relationship between the lateral mandibular position and the bulging of the temporal muscle region has not been clarified. In this study, the relationship between the lateral mandibular position and the bulging of the temporal muscle region was examined. Five dentulous subjects were required to occlude at the tapping point and laterally deviated mandibular positions from the tapping point. The bulging of the temporal muscle region was measured at each mandibular position. Results were as follows. The bulging of the temporal muscle region at occlusion was influenced by lateral deviations in the mandibular position. The bulging was larger and started earlier on the deviated side than on the opposite side. In the measurement of the starting time of bulging of the temporal muscle region, the value of the difference in the starting time of bulging between the right and the left side at more than 0.4 mm lateral deviated mandibular position was larger than the value of the difference in the starting time of bulging between the right and the left side at the tapping point in all five subjects (p < 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Surface EMG frequency dependence on force in the masseter and the anterior temporal muscles.

Myoelectric power spectrum analysis was used to study isometric contractions, 10-15 s long, of the masseter muscles and the anterior temporal muscles. Surface EMG activity was recorded from these muscles for nine females while biting on a bite force transducer up to maximal effort (100% maximal voluntary contraction; MVC). The mean frequency (MF) was calculated as a single estimate of the myoelectric power spectrum. Regression analyses were made of MF versus bite force (0-100% MVC). The mean MF values of all females' masseter muscles increased up to 55-60% MVC. For the anterior temporal muscles no increase in mean MF was found above 20-25% MVC. The increase in MF was possibly dependent on recruitment of type I fibers and low-pass tissue filtering effects. The slope of regression for the force level 0-60% MVC was intraindividually steeper for the masseter muscles than for the anterior temporal muscles. A similar decrease in mean MF was found for the masseter muscles and the anterior temporal muscles for the force level 60-100% MVC. The possibility of muscular fatigue was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Postnatal development of the mouse temporal muscle and effects of a fine-grained diet on the muscle spindle.

The postnatal development of the mouse temporal muscle and effects of a fine-grained diet on muscle spindles were investigated. On d 25 after birth, 3 types of extrafusal muscle fibers could be distinguished on the basis of SDH activity, but not on the basis of their diameters. And in 50-d-old mice, 3 types of the muscle fibers had different diameters each other. In intrafusal muscle fibers, the postnatal changes of the SDH activity were similar to those of extrafusal muscle fibers, but the diameter distribution showed unimodal statistical distribution from 10th to 50th postnatal day. On the other hand, in control 180-d-old mice, 80 percent of muscle spindles in the temporal muscle had complete annulospiral endings, but the ratio of muscle spindles with complete annulospiral endings was decreased significantly in mice fed a fine-grained diet. The diet also decreased the diameter of the endings significantly. These results suggest that the main changes in the morphological and functional properties of the mouse temporal muscle occur in during and early after weaning period, and that normal mastication is needed to maintain the homeostatic condition of the mouse temporal muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

One-piece pedunculated frontotemporal orbitozygomatic craniotomy by creation of a subperiosteal tunnel beneath the temporal muscle: technical note.

OBJECTIVE: We have developed a simple and easy modification of the orbitozygomatic approach using one-piece pedunculated craniotomy. This modification prevents atrophy of the temporal muscle, resulting in temporal fossa depression and atrophy of the free bone graft resulting in the occurrence of bone pits along the line of the craniotomy. METHODS: The key points of this modification are as follows. The scalp flap is elevated in the plane between the superficial and deep layers of the temporal fascia. The temporal muscle is dissected from the temporal plane by performing subperiosteal elevation with intact insertion to the superior temporal line of the temporal muscle, which results in the creation of a subperiosteal tunnel beneath the temporal muscle. The one-piece fronto-orbitozygomatic bone flap is hinged on the temporal muscle. RESULTS: After the surgeons had received full training in the procedures and anatomic findings related to this craniotomy in 10 cadaveric heads, surgery was performed for paraclinoid or parasellar tumors in five patients. Although temporary pulsatile exophthalmos occurred after surgery in one patient, no craniotomy-related complications occurred during or after surgery. Because the bone flap is fragile at the frontozygomatic suture, fixation with a small titanium plate was required in three of five patients at the end of the operation. All patients were pleased with the cosmetic results of surgery during a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. CONCLUSION: The modifications described in this article reduce the risk of atrophy of the temporal muscle and improve the cosmetic results without limitation of operative exposure.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1993

Temporal muscle microfixation in pterional craniotomies. Technical note.

Temporal muscle asymmetry is a common sequela of pterional craniotomies. The authors describe a simple technique of restoring the temporal muscle to its origin by microscrew fixation. This technique provides reliable preservation of temporal muscle bulk and function with little additional operating time and no compromise of operative exposure.

Craniotomy↗
PubMed1985

Temporal muscle blood flow in common migraine.

Temporal muscle blood flow (TMBF) was measured by the local 133-Xenon washout technique in 61 patients suffering from common migraine. Nineteen were re-examined in the course of spontaneous attacks. Muscle tension was quantified by surface EMG. During the attacks, median TMBF increased insignificantly, 33% on the ipsilateral and 24% on the contralateral side. During 15 unilateral attacks, the ipsilateral-contralateral ratio of TMBF was 1.02. Isometric and dynamic work tests showed intact metabolic regulation of TMBF. These results speak against a general vasomotor disturbance of the extracranial tissues during attacks of common migraine. There was also no indication that ischemia of the temporal muscle might explain the pain.

Adult↗