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Results for “Temporal Lobe Epilepsy”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Outcome of surgery in 40 children with temporal-lobe epilepsy.

Temporal-lobe epilepsy commonly has its origins in childhood, particularly when the lesion involved is mesial temporal (Ammon's horn) Sclerosis. Evidence suggests that this lesion is probably a common cause of chronic epilepsy in adults and that often it is probably the result of a severe febrile convulsion in infancy. 40 children, fifteen years of age and younger, who had an anterior temporal lobectomy were followed up for one to twenty-four years. The findings confirm those already established in adults, that the best results of surgery, not only in seizure relief but also in behaviour, are obtained when mesial temporal sclerosis is the lesion found at operation, and also indicate that a severe febrile convulsion in infancy is often the chief provocative factor in the development of epilepsy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Reproductive function in temporal lobe epilepsy: the effect of temporal lobectomy.

We have examined sexual and reproductive changes in 25 patients (11 men and 14 women; mean follow-up 13 years) with temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent temporal lobectomy. Five men and two women had sexual dysfunction preoperatively, in particular, decreased libido. This improved after temporal lobectomy in three of these patients. One woman developed a partial Klüver-Bucy syndrome. Reproductive dysfunction was present in one man (oligospermia) and in ten women (four had the onset of seizures either at pregnancy or menarche; four had increased frequency of seizures during menarche or pregnancy, and two had amenorrhea). The man fathered two children post-operatively, and an appreciable improvement in both the seizure activity and the reproductive dysfunction was noted in the majority of the women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Temporal lobe epilepsy. Follow-up investigation of 74 temporal lobe resected patients.

This survey covers 74 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, resistant to medication, who underwent unilateral temporal lobectomy during the years 1960-1969 at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. Preoperatively all patients were socially incapacitated. In all patients a unilateral or predominantly unilateral temporal EEG focus was found. No tumour or gross vascular malformation had been recognized before or during operation. At follow-up 45 patients were free from seizures. A further 15 had obtained a reduction in their seizure frequencies by at least 75%, while the remaining 10 survivors, only obtained a slight improvement or remained unchanged. There were four deaths. The operation also favourably influenced the psychiatric status, which was found closely related to relief from seizures. Prognostically favourable factors were: i) preoperative presence of a single type of seizure, ii) duration of epilepsy of less than four years, iii) operation in or before early adulthood, iv) an anterior temporal or sphenoidal electrode focus, or both, on the EEG. The prognostically unfavourable factors regarding complete relief from seizures were: i) preoperative presence of grand mal, ii) age at onset of epilepsy or of the first grand mal seizure between 5 and 19 years of age, iii) preoperative duration of epilepsy of over ten years and of grand mal of over one year. Prognostically unfavourable factors regarding psychiatric normalization were: i) preoperative presence of psychosis, ii) ictal-affective attacks or automatisms of a complex nature, iii) impairment of intellectual functions. The eventual neuropathological conclusion was that the more specific and circumscribed the histological abnormality the better the final outcome. The social rehabilitation was found to be significantly improved by operation at an early age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Mental aspects of temporal lobe epilepsy. Follow-up of 74 patients after resection of a temporal lobe.

Psychiatric disorders were investigated in 74 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (complex partial epilepsy). In all cases unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy had been performed during the period 1960-69. At follow-up in 1970-71, 45 patients were free from seizures, and in a further group of 15 patients seizure frequency had been substantially reduced. There were four postoperative deaths. Six patients were psychiatrically normal and had no history of any such disorder. Behavioural disturbances were observed in 55 patients. Before operation 11 patients displayed schizophrenia-like psychoses, and nine others became psychotic during follow-up. Fourteen patients attempted suicide on one or more occasions. Half the patients had diminished sexual drive. Improvement in psychiatric status was clearly correlated with relief from seizures and, in those cases with only a few or no seizures after operation, led directly to social rehabilitation. The presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder was not useful as a criterion for or against surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Facial asymmetry in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. A clinical sign useful in the lateralization of temporal epileptogenic foci.

While a clinical history is frequently sufficient for a localizing diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy, lateralization of the epileptogenic abnormality often is impossible on clinical grounds alone. Since we have noted facial asymmetry in such patients, 50 individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy were studied. In patients with unilateral foci, we found contralateral lower facial weakness of mild to severe degree in 73 percent while 13 percent had ipsilateral weakness, and in 13 percent the face was symmetrical. The facial weakness usually was more striking on emotional movement. In the group of patients with bitemporal independent discharges, 61 percent had some asymmetry, often facial weakness on the side opposite the major focus. Of 25 control individuals, only one third had a facial asymmetry and this was slight. Facial asymmetry in temporal lobe epilepsy is a useful though not an absolute clinical lateralizing sign. It is a factor to be considered in addition to other clinical, radiologic, neuropsychologic, and electroencephalographic findings in the evaluation of patients with temporal lobe seizures.

Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe↗
PubMed1979

Psychoses in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy.

In the survey of 74 Danish patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent temporal lobectomy, a total of 20 patients were psychotic. Nine of these became psychotic during the follow-up period, six of them after cessation of their epileptic seizures. There were 13 schizophrenia-like psychoses, six paranoid delusional and depressive psychoses, and one childhood psychosis. Operation was on the right side in 39 and on the left side in 35 patients. When the various psychotic groups were compared with each other or with the nonpsychotic patients, the side of operation was not found to be statistically important. The patients with psychoses were older at operation and showed a higher rate of focal lesions in the resected specimens. Although more psychotic patients were bright or normally gifted, and had achieved a higher standard of schooling than nonpsychotic patients, their social status after operation was inferior. Surgery had no effect on psychosis present preoperatively nor on its possible postoperative onset. The diagnosis of psychosis was not considered to be contraindication to temporal lobectomy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Capgras phenomenon in a case of temporal lobe epilepsy.

The present report regarda a patient of temporal lobe epilepsy, who developed the classical features of Capgras phenomenon. The whole clinical picture responded to treatment. The possible roles of organic and psycho-social factors in the psychopathology of this peculiar delusion in this patient are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sexual disturbances in temporal lobe epilepsy:a controlled study.

Seventy cases each of temporal lobe epilepsy and grand mal epilepsy were studied for their sexual functioning. The two groups were similar as regards age, sex, duration of illness, frequency of seizures and menstrual and marital history. A significantly greater number of temporal lobe epileptics were found to be hyposexual. They had a global loss of performance and interest in the sexual sphere and showed no concern over it. One case in the group of temporal lobe eiplepsy, as against none in the other group, was hypersexual. There were no cases of sexual deviations in either of the groups. The findings of the study are discussed in the light of the relevant literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of rheographic studies in the diagnosis of epileptogenic foci in temporal lobe epilepsy].

Using a type II Siemens rheograph 100 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy aged 18--36 years were investigated. In each case rheographic investigation was done in sitting and lying position, at rest and after hyperventilation in both these positions. The shape of the descending arm of the main wave of the averaged rheoencephalographic curve was analysed in detail. In 89 cases unilateral presence of h1 wave was found, which was absent in the rheograms of healthy subjects, and h2 wave was present also. The shape of the remaining rheographic curves in this population was not different from the records obtained in healthy subjects. In 92 patients EEG investigations demonstrated focal changes were found, in 8 bilateral changes were present, prevalent on one side. In 85 cases h waves were present on the side of the epileptogenic focus, and in 4 cases it was present contralaterally but only in patients with bilateral EEG changes. The results of these investigations point to differences in the haemodynamic conditions in the temporal lobes in healthy subjects and in most patients with temporal lobe epilepsy on the side of the epileptogenic focus. Rheographic investigations was found to be useful for determination of the side of the epileptogenic focus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Altered EEG microstate dynamics reflect depressive symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms are a common and disabling comorbidity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), yet the neural mechanisms linking seizure networks to affective symptoms remain unclear. Although limbic network dysfunction has been implicated in both epilepsy and depressive disorders, it is unknown whether the time-varying dynamics of large-scale electrophysiological brain states reflect depressive symptom severity in TLE. In this study, we examined whether EEG microstate dynamics capture network alterations associated with depressive symptoms in individuals with unilateral TLE. METHODS: We analyzed resting-state, visually normal scalp EEG from 26 individuals with unilateral TLE. EEG microstates were identified by clustering global field power peaks into four canonical classes, with electrode positions mirrored to align the ictal hemisphere across subjects. Microstate dwell time, fractional occupancy, global transition entropy, and Markov transition probabilities were quantified and related to Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI) scores. RESULTS: Individuals with high depressive symptoms (BDI&#xa0;&#x2265;&#xa0;13; N&#xa0;=&#xa0;12) exhibited longer mean dwell time in the ictal hemisphere-aligned microstate compared with individuals with low depressive symptom burden (BDI&#xa0;<&#xa0;13; N&#xa0;=&#xa0;14). Across subjects, dwell time in this microstate correlated with depressive symptom severity (r&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.57, p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.002). TLE individuals with higher depressive symptoms exhibited reduced global transition entropy (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.02), which also correlated with depressive symptom severity (r&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.54, p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.004), indicating decreased flexibility of microstate transitions. Despite similar fractional occupancy of this state between groups, individuals with higher depressive symptoms were less likely to transition into the ictal hemisphere-aligned microstate from non-ictal or posterior configurations. Once engaged, however, the ictal-aligned microstate showed increased persistence, indicating prolonged stabilization of this network configuration. CONCLUSION: Higher depressive symptom burden in unilateral TLE is associated with increased temporal rigidity of the ictal hemisphere-aligned brain microstate, reflecting impaired disengagement of epileptogenic network configurations. These findings suggest that depressive symptoms in TLE may be associated with epilepsy-related disruptions in large-scale neural dynamics.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Psychiatric manifestations in temporal lobe epilepsy: a controlled study.

Psychiatric disorder was studied in 62 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (study group) and 70 patients with grand mal epilepsy (control group), both diagnosed electroencephalographically. The two groups were similar as regards age, sex, socio-economic status, duration and frequency of fits, family history and premorbid personality. A significantly greater number of temporal lobe epileptics had emotional disturbances in childhood and psychiatric abnormalities at the time of study. Neuroses, schizophrenia and behaviour disorder occurred more commonly in the study group, while epileptic personality and confusional psychosis were seen more frequently in the controls. The findings of the study are discussed in the light of relevant literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2024

Polygenic burden and its association with baseline cognitive function and postoperative cognitive outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: Demographic and disease factors are associated with cognitive deficits and postoperative cognitive declines in adults with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but the role of genetic factors in cognition in TLE is not well understood. Polygenic scores (PGS) for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders and IQ have been associated with cognition in patient and healthy populations. In this exploratory study, we examined the relationship between PGS for Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, and IQ and cognitive outcomes in adults with TLE. METHODS: 202 adults with pharmacoresistant TLE had genotyping and completed neuropsychological evaluations as part of a presurgical work-up. A subset (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;116) underwent temporal lobe resection and returned for postoperative cognitive testing. Logistic regression was used to determine if PGS for AD, depression, and IQ predicted baseline domain-specific cognitive function and cognitive phenotypes as well as postoperative language and memory decline. RESULTS: No significant findings survived correction for multiple comparisons. Prior to correction, higher PGS for AD and depression (i.e., increased genetic risk for the disorder), but lower PGS for IQ (i.e., decreased genetic likelihood of high IQ) appeared possibly associated with baseline cognitive impairment in TLE. In comparison, higher PGS for AD and IQ appeared as possible risk factors for cognitive decline following temporal lobectomy, while the possible relationship between PGS for depression and post-operative cognitive outcome was mixed. SIGNIFICANCE: We did not observe any relationships of large effect between PGS and cognitive function or postsurgical outcome; however, results highlight several promising trends in the data that warrant future investigation in larger samples better powered to detect small genetic effects.

Adult↗