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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Implementation of Section 255 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996: access to telecommunications services, telecommunications equipment, and customer premises equipment by persons with disabilities--FCC. Notice of proposed rulemaking.

This Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) is an important step in the Commission's effort to increase the accessibility of telecommunications services and equipment to Americans with disabilities. The NPRM proposes a framework for implementing section 255 of the Communications Act of 1934 (Act), which requires telecommunications equipment manufacturers and service providers to ensure that their equipment and services are accessible to persons with disabilities, to the extent it is readily achievable to do so. In addition, if accessibility is not readily achievable, section 255 requires manufacturers and service providers to ensure compatibility with existing peripheral devices or specialized customer premises equipment commonly used by individuals with disabilities to achieve access, to the extent it is readily achievable to do so. The NPRM first explores the Commission's legal authority to establish rules implementing section 255. The NPRM then seeks comment on the interpretation of specific statutory terms that are relevant to the proceeding. Finally, the NPRM seeks comment on proposals to implement and enforce the requirement that telecommunications equipment and services be made accessible to the extent readily achievable. The actions proposed in the NPRM are needed to ensure that people with disabilities are not left behind in the telecommunications revolution and consequently isolated from contemporary life.

Communication Devices for People with Disabilities↗
PubMed2000

An integrated service digital network (ISDN)-based international telecommunication between Samsung Medical Center and Hokkaido University using telecommunication helped radiotherapy planning and information system (THERAPIS).

This study introduces the integrated service digital network (ISDN)-based international teleradiotherapy system (THERAPIS) in radiation oncology between hospitals in Seoul, South Korea and in Sapporo, Japan. THERAPIS has the following functions: (1) exchange of patient's image data, (2) real-time teleconference, and (3) communication of the treatment planning, dose calculation and distribution, and of portal verification images between the remote hospitals. Our preliminary results of applications on eight patients demonstrated that the international telecommunication using THERAPIS was clinically useful and satisfactory with sufficient bandwidth for the transfer of patient data for clinical use in radiation oncology.

Japan↗
PubMed1999

Real-time medical applications and telecommunications.

Telecommunications play an important role in telemedicine. Many forms of telecommunication services based on different telecommunication technologies are developed for various needs. The paper deals with complex real-time applications which demand high telecommunication requirements. At the beginning, medical applications are categorised and real-time applications qualified as multimedia applications. Requirements for multimedia elements are listed separately. Later on, short introduction of related telecommunication protocols is given. Real-time medical applications can show their ability in case of guaranteed quality of services delivered by telecommunication network as it is explained in the end.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Impact of digital miniaturization and networked topologies on access to next generation telecommunication by people with visual disabilities.

In the past, telecommunication technologies did not present any particular problem for persons with visual disabilities. The telephones themselves were auditory in nature and could be operated by touch. As telecommunication begins to incorporate video and as telecommunication devices become more complex (including the incorporation of visual displays), new barriers are appearing. Fortunately, advancing technologies are also providing new opportunities for access. The rapidly shrinking size and cost of electronics is allowing us to build intelligence and flexibility into telecommunication products. Advances will soon allow voice to be incorporated into most devices. In addition, clever use of networks and network-based services will allow access features to be built directly into the network, providing access to key visual information. As a result, future telecommunication systems can be more accessible than technologies of the past-if they are implemented correctly.

Communication Devices for People with Disabilities↗
PubMed1984

Physician/hospital telecommunications links.

The deregulation of the telecommunications industry has made it more difficult for hospitals and physicians to manage their telecommunications expenditures. By concentrating on this disruption, many hospitals and physicians may miss out on the new opportunities made available by deregulation. By selling telecommunications services to physicians, hospital administrators can take advantage of many of these new opportunities. The key to this venture is viewing telecommunications as a revenue producing department or a captive business rather than an overhead expense.

Hospital Communication Systems↗
PubMed1999

Telecommunications systems in support of disaster medicine: applications of basic information pathways.

Disaster events have always been a fact of life. Success or failure of a disaster response is often determined by timely access to communication and reliable information. The rapid progress and future course in telecommunications indicate that lack of communications need no longer be the paralyzing factor in a disaster scenario. This is especially important for medical response where time is of essence to save lives. This article explores various telecommunications tools that can enhance medical response in a disaster and includes those associated with telemedicine (providing medical care from a distance through telecommunications). Disaster telemedicine systems need not be special or sophisticated-the challenge is to match the right systems with a given disaster plan or scenario. A brief history of telemedicine use for disaster relief and humanitarian assistance is presented together with a discussion of advantages, disadvantages, and near-future potential of telecommunication systems to gain a better perspective of which tools might best fit disaster medicine needs today and into the new millennium.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1998

Telecommunication interventions for caregivers of elders with dementia.

Caregiver Interventions via Telecommunications (CIT) is designed for family caregivers of elders with dementia. Building on Riegel's dialectical theory of human development, the authors argue that psychotherapeutic interventions, made highly accessible by telecommunication technology, assist caregivers to achieve positive developmental outcomes. Specific components of CIT are described, and an outline for a structured protocol is provided. Advantages, disadvantages, and future directions of telecommunications therapy are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Techno-stress: a prospective psychophysiological study of the impact of a controlled stress-reduction program in advanced telecommunication systems design work.

There is a void of studies concerning occupational health aspects from working with the most advanced forms of information technologies techniques such as are found in some of the world-renowned telecommunication systems development laboratories. However, many of these techniques will later be applied in the regular office environment. We wanted to identify some of the major stressors perceived by advanced telecommunication systems design employees and develop a valid and reliable instrument by which to monitor such stressors. We were also interested in assessing the impact of a controlled prospective stress-reduction program on perceived mental stress and specific psychophysiological parameters. A total of 116 employees were recruited. Sixty-one were offered to participate in one of three stress-reduction training programs (intervention group). The additional 50 functioned as a reference group. After a detailed baseline assessment, including a comprehensive questionnaire and psychophysiological measurements, new assessments were made at the end of the formal training program (+ 3 months) and after an additional 5-month period. Results reveal a significant improvement in the intervention group with regard to circulating levels of the stress-sensitive hormone prolactin as well as an attenuation in mental strain. Cardiovascular risk indicators were also improved. Circulating thrombocytes decreased in the intervention group. Type of stress-reduction programs chosen and intensity of participation did not significantly impact results. Coping style was not affected and no beneficial effects were observed with regard to the psychological characteristics of the work, eg intellectual discretion and control over work processes. The survey instrument is now being used in the continuous improvement of work processes and strategic leadership of occupational health issues. The results suggest that prior psychophysiological stress research, based on low- and medium-skill, rather repetitive kinds of jobs, may not be completely applicable to that of skilled professionals. The results indicate that cutting-edge telecommunication systems design employees suffer from significant amounts of mental strain. In addition, there are limited but measurable benefits from a stress-reduction program. More attention should be directed as to how to design healthy and productive work environments in workplaces using advanced information technologies.

Hemodynamics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infrastructure for reaching disadvantaged consumers: telecommunications in rural and remote nursing in Australia.

Both consumers and health service providers need access to up-to-date information, including patient and practice guidelines, that allows them to make decisions in partnership about individual and public health in line with the primary health care model of health service delivery. Only then is it possible for patient preferences to be considered while the health of the general population is improved. The Commonwealth Government of Australia has allocated $250 million over five years, starting July 1, 1997, to support activities and projects designed to meet a range of telecommunication needs in regional, rural, and remote Australia. This paper defines rural and remote communities, then reviews rural and remote health services, information, and telecommunication technology infrastructures and their use in Australia to establish the current state of access to information tools by rural and remote communities and rural health workers in Australia today. It is argued that a suitable telecommunication infrastructure is needed to reach disadvantaged persons in extremely remote areas and that intersectoral support is essential to build this infrastructure. In addition, education will make its utilization possible.

Australia↗
PubMed2001

Psychiatric assessment of a nursing home population using audiovisual telecommunication.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that psychiatric assessment of nursing home residents could be reliably carried out remotely via telecommunications. Twenty-seven nursing home residents each had two interviews consisting of the following three rating scales: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). The interviews were conducted by three trained psychiatrists, each of whom interviewed two-thirds of the subjects. Subjects were sequentially assigned to have either two in-person interviews (in-person group) or one in-person and one remote interview via telecommunication (remote group). Inter-rater reliability was calculated separately for each condition (in-person vs remote group) for each of the three rating scales. Intraclass correlations on the MMSE were .95 for the remote group and .83 for the in-person group. On the GDS, they were .82 for the remote group and .86 for the in-person group. Finally, on the BPRS, they were .81 for the remote group and .49 for the in-person group. There were no statistically significant differences in intraclass correlation on any of the three scales for the remote group compared with the in-person group, indicating that nursing home residents can be reliably assessed remotely via telecommunication.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Telemedicine systems and telecommunications.

Successful telemedicine requires appropriate equipment and some kind of telecommunications medium. However, successful telemedicine requires more than just technology. The three essential components are the personnel, the technology and a liberal measure of perseverance. Before the technology can be selected, it is necessary to consider the nature of the information to be transmitted between the sites and the time frame over which it must be sent to achieve the desired clinical goals, because this will determine the choice of equipment and the telecommunications network. Factors to be considered include the types of information to be transmitted, the quantity of information to be transferred, and security and privacy (e.g. in Europe and the USA there has been recent legislation about data security). The choice of transmission method for any telemedicine application is, in practice, a compromise between what one would like and what one can afford. In practice, various trade-offs have to be made, which include cost, availability of the service (i.e. the coverage), bandwidth, reliability and quality of service. Equipment and the telecommunications medium are a necessary, but not sufficient, pre-requisite for a successful telemedicine programme. The right people are also required and they must be properly trained.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1991

Text telecommunication for people who are deaf: assessing the use of a text-relay service.

This study investigated the pattern and frequency of telephone use by people with a profound or severe hearing impairment. The main purpose was to assess the benefits of text telecommunication for making calls by typing rather than speaking and listening. Data on 169 adults were obtained by personal interview. The sample was stratified between subscribers to an experimental text-relay service and non-subscribers: a minority of respondents in both groups used a text telephone for direct telecommunication. Access to the relay service increased independent use of the telephone significantly above that of other respondents, whether for social contact, conducting personal business, or in paid work. The text-relay service was less than satisfactory for urgent calls and apparently did not encourage reciprocal contact. Nearly all respondents, subscribers and non-subscribers alike, relied on other people making or receiving calls on their behalf via an ordinary telephone. Direct text telecommunication was as important as the text-relay service for social contact, especially with friends. The costs of telephone text equipment were substantially more than those normally incurred by hearing people. The implications for improving deaf people's access to the telephone are discussed.

Deafness↗
PubMed1990

Flexible telecommunications. An enhanced system can cut costs and generate revenues.

Hospitals can cut costs and even generate new revenues by updating their telecommunications systems. Hospitals with sophisticated systems can cut costs in a number of ways. They can bypass local telephone service, use common carrier services, integrate internal transmission systems, establish private networks, and avail themselves of other specialized, cost-reducing services. A sophisticated system can also enable a hospital to generate revenue by reselling excess long-distance and local service, becoming a common carrier, installing pay telephones, and providing other services. Facilities or systems choosing to develop a large, complex system must, however, address certain legal and managerial issues. Not-for-profit organizations must, for example, determine whether selling services will endanger their tax-exempt status. A number of other legal issues will also arise. In addition, facilities or systems planning a large telecommunications upgrade should assemble a knowledgeable, experienced telecommunications project team early.

Cost Control↗
PubMed2003

Value added telecommunication services for health care.

The successful implementation and operation of health care networks and the efficient and effective provision of health care services is dependent upon a number of different factors: Telecommunications infrastructure and technology, medical applications and services, user acceptance, education and training, product and applications/services development and service provision aspects. The business model and market development regarding policy and legal issues also must be considered in the development and deployment of telemedicine services to become an everyday practice. This chapter presents the initiatives, role and contribution of the Greek Telecommunications Company in the health care services area and also refers to specific case-studies focusing upon the key factors and issues of applications related to the telecommunications, informatics, and health care sectors, which can also be the drivers to create opportunities for Citizens, Society and the Industry.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2006

Telecommunications access--matching available technologies to people with physical disabilities.

People with a disability do not have equitable access to the modern telecommunication medium. Many experience difficulty typing, handling the phone, dialling or answering calls. For those who are unable to speak, the only option is to type messages using whatever functional control site exists on their body. The provision of accessible mobile phones for people with disabilities can significantly improve their quality of life through an increased range of accessible activities, and can improve their independence, safety, security and self-esteem. This research was aimed at providing practical ways for people with a disability to participate in the extensive community of home and mobile phone users. The outcomes of ten participants taking part in the evaluation and trial of off-the-shelf telecommunication options are presented. Nine out of ten participants showed high to very high results in terms of their overall performance and satisfaction with the use of the telecommunication equipment provided. With the right policies, processes and support through equipment matching, education, training and delivery, current off-the-shelf solutions can help people with disabilities to effectively communicate with other members of our society and to access the same range of information systems and services enjoyed by able-bodied members of the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Telecommunication. Strategy: communication links with physicians.

Telecommunications vendors en masse are targeting health care as a market segment with vast, untapped potential. But hospitals are still having trouble integrating computer systems within their own walls. Are they ready to face the telecommunications challenge: utilizing long-distance telecommunication networks that would shuttle health care information around the country as efficiently as systems already at work in the finance industry? Ready or not, experts say the day must come.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1989

Extension of health and nutrition services via advanced telecommunications.

The present and future technology of telecommunications will revolutionize the promotion and dissemination of health and nutrition services. Telecommunications can extend health and nutrition services because of its communicating and tracking capability. The University Affiliated Cincinnati Center for Developmental Disorders' Federal Project and other selected projects and programs using telecommunications technology illustrate the promotion and dissemination of nutrition and health services and the economic and efficient aspects of teleconferencing, electronic mail, and video imaging. This technology must be incorporated into the field of nutrition and health to meet the changing advances in the world and to improve the nutrition and health of individuals--particularly those who are at high risk, such as children with developmental disorders and chronic diseases.

Health Occupations↗