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Results for “Task-sharing”

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7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Effectiveness and implementation of task-sharing cognitive-behavioral interventions for perinatal mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions (CBIs) delivered by nonspecialist providers (NSPs) on perinatal depressive (PND) and anxiety symptoms, and to narratively synthesize their implementation processes and reported implementation outcomes, including acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, cost, and sustainability. METHODS: We systematically searched eight databases from inception to April 8, 2025. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing CBIs delivered by NSPs for PND and/or anxiety. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted, and assessed trials. Meta-analyses employed random-effects models, with subgroup, sensitivity, meta-regression, and publication bias analyses conducted in Stata 18.0. Implementation processes and outcomes were reported as frequencies or percentages across trials. RESULTS: A total of 47 trials (11, 357 participants) were included in the systematic review, of which 37 trials (8,709 participants) were included for meta-analyses. CBIs were conducted in 12 countries. Nurses and midwives delivered 45% of CBIs. CBIs were associated with reduced PND post-intervention compared with control conditions (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.49, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.35; I² = 86.8%). Limited evidence from four trials suggested a small sustained effect at 12 months (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.27 to -0.02; I² = 26.4%). Reductions in anxiety symptoms were observed immediately post-intervention (SMD, -0.45, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.25; I²=81%), but evidence for longer-term effects was limited. Subgroup analyses confirmed consistent effects across diverse settings, populations, and intervention characteristics. Reporting of implementation processes (e.g., training, supervision, fidelity) was limited, with only 23.4% of trials assessing fidelity and 10.6% evaluating costs. CONCLUSIONS: NSP-delivered CBIs showed beneficial effects on PND and anxiety, with generally encouraging evidence for acceptability and feasibility. However, evidence for sustained effects beyond the immediate post-intervention period remains limited. Future studies should strengthen long-term follow-up and improve reporting of implementation processes and outcomes, particularly in rural and adolescent perinatal populations, to inform scalable and equitable task-sharing models.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Employment, family roles, and mental ill health in young married women.

Women are entering the labor force at unprecedented rates, many combining employment with their roles as wives and mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine if the complement of women's roles was associated with negative mental health effects. It was hypothesized that multiple roles would have negative effects on mental health only in the presence of a social context that itself was associated with symptoms of mental ill health. The contextual variables included influence of sex role norms, task-sharing support from the spouse, and support from a confidant. A sample of 140 married women randomly selected from registrants at a family health clinic were interviewed about their roles and mental health. The complement of the women's roles was not associated with mental ill health, nor was there a clear relationship between employment or parenting on mental health. Each of the contextual variables had a moderate influence on symptoms of mental ill health. Women who had traditional sex role norms, little task-sharing support from a spouse, and little support from a confidant had poorer mental health than their counterparts. Thus, in this sample, the context for role performance had a stronger influence on mental health than did the actual roles women performed. In addition, the importance of the social contextual variables was contingent on the woman's complement of roles. For women who were both spouse and parent, confiding support was most important.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dynamic articulatory model based on multidimensional invariant-feature task representation.

A dynamic model of articulatory movements is introduced. The research presented herein focuses on the method of representing the phonemic tasks, i.e., phoneme-specific articulatory targets. Phonemic tasks in our model are formally defined using invariant features of articulatory posture. The invariant features used in the model are characterized by the linear transformation of articulatory variables and found using a statistical analysis of measured articulatory movements, in which the articulatory features with minimum variability are taken to be the invariant features. Articulatory movements making vocal-tract constrictions or relative movements among articulators reflecting task-sharing structures are typical examples of the features found to have low variability. In the trajectory formation of articulatory movements, the dimension number of the phonemic task is set at a smaller value than that of articulatory variables. Consequently, the kinematic states of the articulators are partly constrained at given time instants by a sequence of phonemic tasks, and there remain unconstrained degrees of freedom of articulatory variables. Articulatory movements are determined so that they simultaneously satisfy given phonemic tasks and dynamic smoothness constraints. The dynamic smoothness constraints coupled with the underspecified phonemic targets allow our model to explain contextual articulatory variability using context-independent phonemic tasks. Finally, the capability of the model for predicting actual articulatory movements is quantitatively investigated using empirical articulatory data.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Good vibrations: tactile feedback in support of attention allocation and human-automation coordination in event-driven domains.

Observed breakdowns in human-machine communication can be explained, in part, by the nature of current automation feedback, which relies heavily on focal visual attention. Such feedback is not well suited for capturing attention in case of unexpected changes and events or for supporting the parallel processing of large amounts of data in complex domains. As suggested by multiple-resource theory, one possible solution to this problem is to distribute information across various sensory modalities. A simulator study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of visual, tactile, and redundant visual and tactile cues for indicating unexpected changes in the status of an automated cockpit system. Both tactile conditions resulted in higher detection rates for, and faster response times to, uncommanded mode transitions. Tactile feedback did not interfere with, nor was its effectiveness affected by, the performance of concurrent visual tasks. The observed improvement in task-sharing performance indicates that the introduction of tactile feedback is a promising avenue toward better supporting human-machine communication in event-driven, information-rich domains.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Marital distress across the mid-life transition among middle-class Caucasian women.

Aspects of Levinson's 1978 theory of adult development were used to examine women's progress across the mid-life transition. The subjects were 126 married, Caucasian mothers, ages 37 to 47 years. Contrary to prediction, age-related differences in marital distress were not found. For the sample as a whole, marital distress was related to a family history of distress, difficulty in parent-child relations, and inequitable task-sharing with spouses. Some of the difficulties for women in combining family and career within the context of current social and family structures are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Help with prenatal household tasks and newborn birth weight: is there an association?

Although prenatal psychosocial factors influence pregnancy outcome, the specific components of prenatal social support which affect infants' birth weight have not been examined prospectively. To define those elements of prenatal social support which are associated with newborn birth weights, we studied 198 indigent mothers seen consecutively by a social worker at a community hospital-based obstetrical clinic. At the first prenatal clinic visit, we used the Maternal Social Support Index (MSSI) to assess the availability of help with daily tasks, a communicative male and other adults, emergency child care, and community involvement. The only MSSI item related to low birth weight (LBW less than or equal to 2,500 g) for both multigravida and primigravida mothers was daily task sharing. Help with grocery shopping and the process of paying bills (p = 0.0007) were both significantly associated with LBW for multigravida mothers. Significant items for primigravida mothers included help with inside cleaning (p = 0.03) and working outside (p = 0.005). Help with things around the house was associated with LBW for both multigravida (p = 0.02) and primigravida (p = 0.04) mothers. Car availability was associated with low birth weight only for multigravida mothers (p = 0.006). Stepwise discriminant function analysis was performed for multigravida mothers. Low birth weight was the dependent variable. Eight well-known risk factors for low birth weight (excluding daily tasks) were the independent variables. The "best" function included marital status, maternal age, gravidity, and smoking during pregnancy. The addition of daily task-sharing to this model increased sensitivity (low birth weight classified low birth weight by the model) from 21% to 50%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗