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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Decreased sensitivity to tartrazine after aspirin desensitization in an asthmatic patient intolerant to both aspirin and tartrazine.

An aspirin- and tartrazine-sensitive asthmatic patient underwent a desensitization to the adverse effects of aspirin by oral aspirin challenges. After a month of daily aspirin ingestion, the patient's reactivity to tartrazine, tested by oral challenge, was observed to the blunted. This report suggests that desensitization to the adverse effects of aspirin might protect the patient against the adverse effects of tartrazine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Induction of reaginic hypersensitivity to tartrazine in the rabbit immunization by ingestion of the covalent conjugate tartrazine-human serum albumin (author's transl)].

Sensitization to simple chemical substances acting as haptens is not well known in food allergy. For that purpose, a study was made in rabbit using tartrazine alone with adjuvant, or mixed with human serum albumin (HSA), or conjugated by covalent BOP bonds with HSA. Hypersensitivity was evaluated by rabbit basophil degranulation test which would offer more specificity through cell membrane IgE-antibody reactions, and thus, more accuracy than classical passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The data showed that sensitization could not be induced by ingestion of tartrazine with adjuvant or mixed with a protein. But covalent conjugate T-HSA mixed with adjuvant sensitized 8 of the 9 rabbits studied. It seems that preceding irritation of intestinal mucous membrane by acetylsalicylic acid enables one to obtain a more long lasting sensitization.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Tartrazine exclusion for allergic asthma.

BACKGROUND: Tartrazine is the best known and one of the most commonly used food additives. Food colorants are also used in many medications as well as foods. There has been conflicting evidence as to whether tartrazine causes exacerbations of asthma with some studies finding a positive association especially in individuals with cross-sensitivity to aspirin. OBJECTIVES: To assess the overall effect of tartrazine (exclusion or challenge) in the management of asthma. SEARCH STRATEGY: A search was carried out using the Cochrane Airways Group specialised register. Bibliographies of each RCT was searched for additional papers. Authors of identified RCTs were contacted for further information for their trials and details of other studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs of oral administration of tartrazine (as a challenge) versus placebo or dietary avoidance of tartrazine versus normal diet were considered. Studies which focused upon allergic asthma, were also included. Studies of tartrazine exclusion for other allergic conditions such as hay fever, allergic rhinitis and eczema were only considered if the results for subjects with asthma were separately identified. Trials could be in either adults or children with asthma or allergic asthma (e.g. sensitivity to aspirin or food items known to contain tartrazine). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Study quality was assessed and data abstracted by two reviewers independently. Outcomes were analysed using RevMan 4.1.1. MAIN RESULTS: Ninety abstracts were found, of which 18 were potentially relevant. Six met the inclusion criteria, but only three presented results in a format that permitted analysis and none could be combined in a meta-analysis. In none of the studies did tartrazine challenge or avoidance in diet significantly alter asthma outcomes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Due to the paucity of available evidence, it is not possible to provide firm conclusions as to the effects of tartrazine on asthma control. However, the six RCTs that could be included in this review all arrived at the same conclusion. Routine tartrazine exclusion may not benefit most patients, except those very few individuals with proven sensitivity.

Asthma↗
PubMed2000

Allergy to tartrazine in psychotropic drugs.

BACKGROUND: High psychiatric morbidity has been reported among those who complain of food intolerance or allergy. Many cases of food allergy or intolerance to drugs are not due to allergy to the food or drugs themselves, but to the additives used for coloring, flavoring, preserving, thickening, emulsifying, or stabilizing the product. Of various coloring dyes used, tartrazine (FD & C yellow no. 5) is the color most frequently incriminated in producing allergic reactions. The exact epidemiology and pattern of allergic reactions to tartrazine in psychotropic drugs have not been frequently studied and reported. METHOD: The present study included consecutive outpatients (May 1996 to April 1998) who developed allergic reactions or intolerance to tartrazine in psychotropic drugs. Total patients exposed to tartrazine-containing drugs were also recorded. The subjects showing allergic reactions to tartrazine were then exposed to non-tartrazine-containing brands. RESULTS: Of 2210 patients exposed to tartrazine-containing drugs, 83 (3.8%) developed allergic reactions. The symptoms subsided within 24 to 48 hours of stopping the drug. None of the patients showed allergy to non-tartrazine-containing brands. History of allergy to tartrazine was present in 13.2%, and 15.7% of patients had a history of aspirin sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Tartrazine allergy should be considered in patients developing drug allergy, because it would require changing the brand rather than stopping treatment with that drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

New considerations regarding the risk assessment on Tartrazine An update toxicological assessment, intolerance reactions and maximum theoretical daily intake in France.

Tartrazine is an artificial azo dye commonly used in human food and pharmaceutical products. Since the last assessment carried out by the JECFA in 1964, many new studies have been conducted, some of which have incriminated tartrazine in food intolerance reactions. The aims of this work are to update the hazard characterization and to revaluate the safety of tartrazine. Our bibliographical review of animal studies confirms the initial hazard assessment conducted by the JECFA, and accordingly the ADI established at 7.5mg/kg bw. From our data, in France, the estimated maximum theoretical intake of tartrazine in children is 37.2% of the ADI at the 97.5th percentile. It may therefore be concluded that from a toxicological point of view, tartrazine does not represent a risk for the consumer. It appears more difficult to show a clear relationship between ingestion of tartrazine and the development of intolerance reactions in patients. These reactions primarily occur in patients who also suffer from recurrent urticaria or asthma. The link between tartrazine consumption and these reactions is often overestimated, and the pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. The prevalence of tartrazine intolerance is estimated to be less than 0.12% in the general population. Generally, the population at risk is aware of the importance of food labelling, with the view of avoiding consumption of tartrazine. However, it has to be mentioned that products such as ice creams, desserts, cakes and fine bakery are often sold loose without any labelling.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity and tolerance to tartrazine in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics.

The occurrence of sensitivity to tartrazine was examined in 51 patients with asthma and aspirin sensitivity. All patients underwent oral challenge tests with aspirin and tartrazine. Sensitivity to tartrazine was found in 16 i.e. 31.4% of tested asthmatics. The symptoms of sensitivity to tartrazine were similar to those of aspirin. Tolerance to tartrazine was induced in 5 aspirin and tartrazine sensitive asthmatics. Sensitivity to both substances was manifested in these 5 persons as dyspnea but 2 of them had additional extrabronchial symptoms. A good tolerance of 40 mg tartrazine was achieved in all the challenged patients who did not refer any dyspnea and extrabronchial symptoms. It was also proven that, being in the aspirin tolerance state the patients could be given tartrazine with no sensitivity symptoms. The authors think that the possibility of inducing tartrazine and aspirin tolerance, as well as the course of sensitivity reaction to both substances, both point to a similar pathogenetic background.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Suspected tartrazine-induced acute urticaria/angioedema is only rarely reproducible by oral rechallenge.

BACKGROUND: Tartrazine has been frequently linked to several diseases. However, a cause-and-effect role for tartrazine in these illnesses, especially in urticaria, has not always been established. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of intolerance to tartrazine among subjects who experienced an acute episode of urticaria/angioedema following the ingestion of a meal or a product containing this substance. METHODS: This was a retrospective study based on analysis of data of patients reported to have experienced episodes of urticaria and/or angioedema after ingesting meals or products containing tartrazine. At the first visit to the outpatients clinic, a careful anamnesis had been taken. Patients had then been submitted to the following diagnostic tests: IgE tests to common inhalant allergens and food allergens and a double-blind placebo-controlled challenge with tartrazine. RESULTS: A total of 102 subjects were enrolled in the study: 19 (18.6%) showed at least one relevant positive reaction to an IgE test for food allergy. Only one subject (1%) had reactions after ingestion of 5 mg of tartrazine, given on day 5. She did not have adverse reactions to placebo. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the percentage of acute urticaria and/or angioedema induced by tartrazine is very low (1%). In view of our results, we suggest that all physicians with patients who have suffered adverse reactions that could be attributed to tartrazine should also carefully evaluate other possible causes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The effect of tartrazine on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells.

The release of histamine from purified rat peritoneal mast cells induced by specific antigen (egg albumin), compound 48/80 and calcium ionophore A23187 was modified by tartrazine. Histamine release induced by 48/80 and antigen was inhibited by the presence of 10(-5) to 10(-2)M tartrazine. The inhibitory effect on egg albumin induced histamine release was maximal when the tartrazine was added simultaneously with egg albumin, and was reduced by increased preincubation of the cells with tartrazine. Tartrazine had a small inhibitory effect on ionophore induced release at high concentrations, but augmented histamine release at tartrazine concentrations of 10(-3) and 10(-4)M. Augmentation of ionophore induced release was maximal at between 0-5 min preincubation of the cells with tartrazine.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Lack of carcinogenicity of tartrazine (FD & C Yellow No. 5) in the F344 rat.

The carcinogenicity of tartrazine (C. I. Food Yellow No. 4, FD & C Yellow No. 5), a food, drug and cosmetics colouring, was examined in F344 rats. Tartrazine was dissolved in distilled water at levels of 0, 1 or 2%, and groups of about 50 male and 50 female rats were given one of these solutions ad lib. as their drinking-water for up to 2 yr. No toxic lesions specifically caused by tartrazine were detected in any treated group of either sex. Many tumours developed in all groups including the control group, and the organ distribution of these tumours and their histological characteristics were similar to those of the spontaneous tumours that are known to occur in this strain of rats. Except for mesothelioma in males and endometrial stromal polyp in females, there were no significant increases in the incidences of any tumours over those in the corresponding control group. In males, mesotheliomas were found only in the group given 1% tartrazine and the incidence of this lesion was statistically significant (Fisher's exact test) in comparison with the other two groups (P less than 0.02). The incidence of endometrial stromal polyp was also significantly higher among females given the 1% dose than in the controls (P less than 0.05). However, no positive trend was noted in the occurrence of these two tumours using an age-adjusted statistical analysis. Mesothelioma and endometrial stromal polyp are frequently observed spontaneous tumours in this strain of rats, and their incidences in our historical controls are 4.1 and 21.9%, respectively. However in the present study mesothelioma occurred in none of the male control rats and the incidence of endometrial stromal polyp was only 10.6% in the female control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the control and treated groups in hyperplastic or pre-neoplastic changes in the mesothelium or endometrium. From these findings, we concluded that the significant increases in the incidences of mesothelioma and endometrial stromal polyp that occurred in the groups given 1% tartrazine were not attributable to tartrazine administration. Thus, it is concluded that tartrazine was not carcinogenic in F344 rats when administered continuously at doses of up to 2% in the drinking-water for up to 2 yr.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Challenge tests with tartrazine in patients with asthma associated with intolerance to analgesics (ASA-Triad). A comparative study with placebo.

In a study of the incidence of respiratory reaction to tartrazine, challenge tests were made with doses of 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg of tartrazine and with a placebo, on forty-seven patients with asthma associated with intolerance to analgesics (ASA-Triad). The patient's clinical and spirographic condition was satisfactory when the test was made, and the administration of bronchodilators had been stopped 24 hr previously. In a total of 141 tests with tartrazine on forty-seven patients, only five tests were positive and occurred in only four patients. In three patients the test gave a negative result when repeated with an identical or larger dose of tartrazine. Only one patient had a respiratory reaction with 5 mg of tartrazine on two successive occasions, and this result is considered doubtful bearing in mind that the variation in FEV1 was at its limit. All the tests with placebo were negative except one. The clinical lability of the ASA-Triad patients could be the cause of some of the respiratory reactions attributed to tartrazine in some studies. The lability could, above all, be dependent on the suppression of the symptomatic treatment. The inconvenience associated with a colour-free diet and the small incidence of proven reactions to tartrazine, tend to invalidate the practice of recommending such diets unless evidence is available of a positive challenge test on at least two occasions. Even so, the risks induced are minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Tartrazine and the prostaglandin system.

The effect of tartrazine on prostaglandin production was evaluated in several in vitro systems in order to elucidate the interrelationship between aspirin-sensitive asthma and tartrazine. Unlike the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tartrazine did not inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in sheep seminal vesicles, guinea pig lung microsomes, and human platelets. Tartrazine had no effect on the activation of acyl hydrolase, which is the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin production. The major metabolite of tartrazine, sulfanilic acid, also had no inhibitory effect on the sheep seminal vesicle cyclooxygenase. In view of these findings, if there is a cross-sensitivity between tartrazine and aspirin in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics, it is unlikely to be on the basis of prostaglandin inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Reproductive and neurobehavioural toxicity study of tartrazine administered to mice in the diet.

Tartrazine was given in the diet to provide levels of 0% (control), 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% (approximately 83, 259, 773 mg/kg/day, respectively) from five weeks of age of the F0 generation to nine weeks of age of the F1 generation in mice, and selected reproductive and neurobehavioural parameters were measured. In movement activity of exploratory behaviour in the F0 generation, number of vertical activity was significantly increased in the middle-dose group in males. There were no adverse effects of tartrazine on either litter size, litter weight and sex ratio at birth. The average body weight of male offspring was significantly increased in the high-dose group and that of female offspring was significantly increased in the middle-dose group at birth. In behavioural developmental parameters, surface righting at PND 4 was significantly accelerated in the high-dose group in male offspring, and those effects were significantly dose-related in a trend test (P<0.01). Cliff avoidance at PND 7 was significantly accelerated in the middle-dose group in male offspring. Negative geotaxis at PND 4 was significantly delayed in the high-dose group in female offspring. Other variables measured showed no significant adverse effects in either sex in the lactation period. In movement activity of exploratory behaviour in the F1 generation, number of movement showed a significant tendency to be affected in the treatment groups in male offspring in a trend test (P<0.05). The dose level of tartrazine in the present study produced a few adverse effects in neurobehavioural parameters during the lactation period in mice. Nevertheless, the high-dose level were in excess of the ADI of tartrazine (0-7.5 mg/kgbw), and the actual dietary intake of tartrazine is presumed to be much lower. It would therefore appear that the levels of actual dietary intake of tartrazine is unlikely to produce any adverse effects in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Tartrazine-containing drugs.

Although the incidence of tartrazine sensitivity in the general population is low, serious adverse reactions have occurred. To prevent unnecessary exposure of sensitive patients, physicians should avoid prescribing tartrazine-containing drugs. Because of new FDA requirements that manufacturers list tartrazine dye in both over-the-counter and prescription drugs, many manufacturers have reformulated their products to remove this colorant. Therefore, previously published lists of tartrazine-containing drugs are outdated. We conducted a survey of American manufacturers to derive a current list of tartrazine-containing drugs. This list is intended for use as a guide for health professionals who wish to avoid products containing tartrazine in prescribing for patients sensitive to it.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed1990

Tartrazine sensitivity.

Tartrazine (FD & C Yellow No. 5) is an approved azo dye present in many drugs and food products. During the 1970s, many cases of tartrazine sensitivity were reported. This led to new regulations that required the listing of azo dyes on package inserts of drugs and on packages of food products. Tartrazine sensitivity is most frequently manifested by urticaria and asthma. Although azo dyes have been implicated in accentuating hyperkinetic syndromes, tartrazine is not considered an offender. Vasculitis, purpura and contact dermatitis infrequently occur as manifestations of tartrazine sensitivity. Cross-sensitivity in aspirin-sensitive and NSAID-sensitive patients may also occur. The mechanism of sensitivity is obscure and has been called pseudoallergic. Management consists mainly of avoidance of drugs and food products that contain tartrazine.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1982

Tartrazine and benzoate challenge and dietary avoidance in chronic asthma.

This study undertook to determine the usefulness of tartrazine and benzoate challenge and dietary avoidance in the management of patients with chronic asthma. Double-blind ingestion-challenge tests were performed on separate days with lactose, tartrazine, benzoate and acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA). Of the twenty-eight subjects challenged, one responded to tartrazine and one to benzoate. Two additional subjects responded to ASA and a further eight were not tested with this material because of a definite history of sensitivity. Twenty-four subjects completed 1 month periods of observation while first on a normal diet and then while on a tartrazine-benzoate avoidance diet. No improvement occurred during the modified diet in anyone with positive challenge-tests or in all, but one, of those with a history of ASA idiosyncrasy; paradoxically, several of these subjects worsened during this period. We conclude that tartrazine-benzoate dietary avoidance was not of value in the management of the chronic asthmatic in this study, even among patients who respond to challenge with these substances or have ASA idiosyncrasy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Oral tartrazine challenge in childhood asthma: effect on bronchial reactivity.

Ten asthmatic children who gave a history of cough or wheeze after orange drinks, were tested for tartrazine sensitivity. On separate days, either oral tartrazine (1 mg) or a placebo capsule were administered double blind. Bronchial reactivity was measured before, 30 and 60 min after ingestion by means of a histamine-inhalation challenge test. There was no change in baseline lung function after tartrazine, but histamine sensitivity (PC20) increased significantly in four of the children. No response was obtained to a larger dose of tartrazine (10 mg) in four of the non-responders. Alteration in the bronchial reactivity after an oral challenge, appears to be a sensitive means of detecting tartrazine sensitivity.

Adolescent↗