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Results for “Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

The cytochemistry of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Technical considerations.

Cytochemical demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity is essential for the diagnosis of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. In order to perform this test correctly and to interpret the results propertly, it is necessary to understand the technical details of the cytochemical methods thoroughly. The method using naphthol--ASBI phosphoric acid--fast garnet GBC is recommended for this purpose, and factors crucial to the cytochemical study, such as fixation, substrate, coupler, pH and temperature of incubation buffer, counterstains, and mounting media are examined and discussed. Conventional methods for acid phosphatase in the presence and absence of L(+) tartaric acid are also critically examined. The naphthol--ASBI phosphoric acid--fast garnet GBC method is sensitive, technically simple and easily reproducible. Its reaction product is highly chromogenic and is most suitable for cytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in cytologic preparations. The naphthol--ASBI phosphoric acid--pararosaniline method is highly specific and is best for histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in tissue sections.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Biochemical characterization of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase of human spleen with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis as a pyrophosphatase.

A tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was isolated from a human leukemic spleen by freeze-thawing in saline and purified by repeated chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 64 000. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic and organic pyrophosphate as well as the phenolic ester of monoorthophosphate, with optimal activity between pH 5 and 6. However, there is no activity toward mono-orthophosphate esters of aliphatic alcohols. The present data have identified its catalytic function as a pyrophosphatase. However, it has properties different from the pyrophosphatase previously observed in normal animal tissues.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Biochemical properties of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in serum of adults and children.

Spectrophotometry of total acid phosphatase activity in children's sera showed an average value of 22.4 +/- 2.9 and 7.4 +/- 0.8 U/liter, for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate and alpha-naphthyl phosphate, respectively. Analyses of "band 5b", after electrophoresis on acrylamide gel, gave even higher values. The values for children's sera were much higher than those for sera from adults. The multiplicity of acid phosphatases in sera of children and adults was studied by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel and by chromatography on CM-Sepharose. Both methods showed the major acid phosphatase in children's sera to be an acid pyrophosphatase, band 5b. Its catalytic properties are indistinguishable from the enzyme previously isolated from the spleen of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis.

4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗
PubMed1977

An enzyme histochemical study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and allied disease.

The enzyme activity for alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase, naphthol-AS-acetate esterase, naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase, acid phosphatase, L(+)-tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and 5'-nucleotidase was examined on the neoplastic cells of giant follicular lymphoblastoma, the so-called reticulum cell sarcoma and Sézary syndrome. The neoplastic cells of giant follicular lymphoblastoma showed distinct activity for adenosine triphosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase, and those of the so-called reticulum cell sarcoma had no characteristic nature of the reticulum cells or histiocytes enzyme histochemically. These findings suggest that these neoplastic cells may be derived from the B-cell system. In Sézary syndrome, acid phosphatase activity was localized in a small paranuclear area in Sézary cells, which were considered to have a T-cell nature. It is thought that these enzyme histochemical methods are easy and useful in differentiating the B- or T-cell nature and the classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2026

Bone progression in multiple myeloma: Benefit of zoledronic acid for patients achieving at least Very Good Partial Response and prognostic value of bone turnover markers.

The Magnolia study demonstrated that continuation of zoledronic acid (ZOL) beyond 2 years reduces the risk of progressive bone disease (PBD) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This follow-up study investigated the effects of ZOL in patients achieving very good partial response (VGPR) compared to patients who did not and whether bone turnover markers could identify patients at an increased risk of PBD following treatment cessation. Two Magnolia trial subgroups were analysed: patients with VGPR or better after 2 years of ZOL, randomized to either continued treatment or observation, and patients randomized to observation in whom serial bone markers (C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX], procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide [P1NP], bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BAP], tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b [TRAcP]) were measured for up to 4 years. Continued monthly ZOL beyond 2 years significantly reduced the risk of PBD (hazard ratio 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.92) in patients with VGPR or better (subgroup 1). After ZOL discontinuation, bone markers increased gradually. Elevated CTX (≥0.30 μg/L) and TRAcP (≥4 U/L) levels were associated with increased 6-month PBD risk (29% and 15% respectively) (subgroup 2). Continuation of ZOL beyond 2 years seems to reduce skeletal progression risk in patients achieving VGPR or better. Elevated CTX or TRAcP levels may help identify patients who could benefit from re-initiating ZOL.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Use of the bone marrow imprint in the diagnosis of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis ("hairy cell leukemia").

Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis is a distinct entity, often misdiagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma. The neoplastic cells have a specific tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme by which the diagnosis may be secured. Most individuals are leukopenic, and when, as in our case, rare or no circulating cells with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity are found in the peripheral blood, an alternate site must be sought. Bone marrow aspirations often result in "dry taps," however, and cryostat sections of the bone marrow biopsy necessary to demonstrate tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity are involved and impractical to obtain for most laboratories. This report illustrates and recommends the simple technic of imprinting the core biopsy, which yields a satisfactory sample with which the specific cytochemical activity can be demonstrated.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Immunologic characterization of hairy cell leukemias in continuous culture.

The immunobiologic characteristics of three continuous cell lines established from hairy cell leukemia cells were investigated. All three cell lines continued to produce tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, the enzymatic marker of hairy cells. Two of these cell lines were B lymphoid in nature. They carried Fc and C receptors, had surface and internal immunoglobulin, and did not form spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosettes. Experiments employing biosynthetic radiolabeling of immunoglobulin demonstrated distinctive immunoglobulin kinetics for each of these two hairy cell lines. One cell line remained quite similar to the original hairy cells from which it was derived whereas the other B lymphoid hairy cell line had undergone a switch in the immunoglobulin isotype produced. The third hairy cell leukemia line was shown to be of thymic derivation. These cells formed spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosettes and did not carry Fc or C receptors. The spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosette-forming cells contained tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. They did not possess surface on internal immunoglobulin and did not synthesize immunoglobulin in vitro. Hairy cell leukemia cells maintained in permanent cell culture retain their immunobiologic properties and offer the opportunity for indepth study of these unusual cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Malignant lymphoma simulating leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: a clinicopathologic study of ten cases.

We have studied ten patients with a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by massive splenomegaly; minimal lymphadenopathy; varying degrees of blood cytopenias; circulating atypical lymphoid cells frequently with "hairy" cytoplasm; monoclonal serum paraprotein; and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase reactivity in the tumor cells of five patients tested. Although the clinical and laboratory features in most cases prompted a clinical diagnosis of "hairy cell leukemia" (HCL), histologic, ultrastructural and immunohistologic studies of multiple organs revealed distinctive features recognizably different from leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (LRE). Because this B lymphocyte proliferation may be mistaken for LRE in cases where careful histologic study is not performed, it may be responsible in part for the conflicting data in attempts to characterize the cell of origin of the latter disease. Clinical and experimental data in HCL must be questioned if they do not include histopathologic confirmation of the diagnosis.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Malignant histiocytosis with chronic course. Ultrastructural and ultrastructural cytochemical studies.

Four cases of malignant histiocytosis with leukemic manifestations and chronic course were reported. Light microscopic, ultrastructural and ultrastructural cytochemical details of these atypical cells were demonstrated. Ultrastructurally these cells resembled hairy cells most closely among the known varieties of leukemic cells. However, ribosome-lamella complexes were not found and some atypical cells had a few short cytoplasmic projections. In addition, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was absent from these cells. We speculate that this leukemic reticuloendotheliosis with a chronic course seen in Japan seems to be analogous to malignant histiocytosis with massive splenomegaly reported by Vardiman et al.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Determination of serum acid phosphatase in Gaucher's disease using 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate.

We describe a new assay that is useful for identifying individuals who may be affected with Gaucher's disease. The assay involves the determination of serum acid phosphatase activity using the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate. The assay measures acid phosphatase activity at pH 6.0 in the presence of 3.0 M 2-mercaptoethanol and requires a 5 microliter serum sample and a 15-min incubation period. Under these conditions, 2-mercaptoethanol preferentially inhibited the acid phosphatase activity in control serum but did not inhibit the elevated acid phosphatase present in the serum of patients with Gaucher's disease. Using this assay, we observed a 5-50-fold elevation in serum acid phosphatase activity in 8 patients with the adult, non-neuropathic form of Gaucher's disease when compared to control serum assayed under the same conditions. Serum from several heterozygotes free from pathology exhibited normal acid phosphatase activity when assayed at pH 6.0 in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Acid phosphatase activity in serum from patients with prostatic cancer can be distinguished from that in Gaucher serum on the basis of the well-documented sensitivity of the former to inhibition by sodium tartrate. A serum sample from a patient with Niemann-Pick disease exhibited a mild elevation in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity so that conclusive diagnosis of Gaucher's disease requires assaying leukocytes or fibroblasts from suspected patients for glucocerebroside:beta-glucosidase activity.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Antibody forming cell precursors among glass-adherent peritoneal exudate cells.

Among glass-adherent peritoneal exudate cells (gaPEC), induced by an inoculation of 1% glycogen solution, about 4.5% were classified as antibody-forming cell precursors (AFCP) on the first day of culture by means of anti-mouse B-cell antibody (anti-B-Ab). They proliferated and differentiated into IgG-forming plasma cells when cultured with antigen and thymic RNA in vitro. Pretreatment of PEC with anti-B-Ab and complement suppressed the formation of plasma cells. AFCP had receptors for IgM-antigen complexes and for complement, both of which were independent of Ca++ and MG++ and resistant to treatment by pronase or phospholipase C. Cells bearing detectable receptors for EA (IgM) an EAC diminished by the 6th day when gaPEC were cultured with thymic RNA, but persisted longer in cultures without thymic RNA. The same percentages of cells demonstrated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activities but were devoid of esterase. Twenty to thirty percent of anti-B-Ab sensitive cells ingested latex particles. The proliferation kinetics of IgG-forming cells were studied through the 21st day of culture by means of peroxidase-labeled antibody staining methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Prolymphocytic and hairy cell leukemias as special forms of chronic lymphatic leukemia].

Cytochemical and immunological studies were performed on "hairy" cells from 5 patients. The results, primarily the detection of surface immunoglobulins after incubation in immunoglobulin-free medium support the hypothesis that hairy cells are B-cells. Further parameters for B-cell lineage are the failing suppression of unspecific esterases by NaF, the presence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and the absence of phagocytic capacity and glass adherence (skin window). A lysozyme could not be demonstrated. Of two patients with prolymphocytic leukemia one was characterized as T- and one as B-cell leukemia. Therefore, the prolymphocytic leukemia has to be discussed as intermediate form of ALL and CLL. In both patients the therapeutic results were discouraging with cytostatics (e. g. chlorambucil), splenectomy is considered as the treatment of choice.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

Immunological studies in hairy cell leukemia.

Cytochemical and immunological studies were performed on tissues and mononuclear cell suspensions from ten patients with hairy cell leukemia. In all cases studied, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was noted within the cytoplasm of hairy cells (HCs). In two thirds of the cases, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase was observed in HCs. In addition, HCs did not form spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. A variable number of HCs displayed complement receptors. The nonspecific binding of conjugated immunoglobulin to HCs probably reflected the presence of a high concentration of Fc receptors on the HCs surface. In three cases, the conjugated immunoglobulin reacted predominantly to one light chain, thus suggesting the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin. In four of six cases, mononuclear cell suspensions of HCs demonstrated latex phagocytosis. In one case, HCs displayed resynthesis of surface membrane immunoglobulin, the presence of B cell antigen, and phagocytosis of latex. These findings suggest that HCs are distinctive and contain properties of both B lymphocytes and monocytes.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

The diagnosis and management of hairy-cell leukaemia.

Over a 4-year period 203 patients with various types of leukaemia were treated by the Haematology Unit at the Johannesburg Hospital. Ten of them were suffering from the condition known as hairy-cell leukaemia or leukaemic reticulo-endotheliosis. They were all men, and ranged in age from 29 to 67 years (mean 56 years). The majority presented with pancytopenia, and there was invariably splenomegaly, while lymphadenopathy was rare. Hairy cells were identified microscopically in the peripheral blood of 7 patients and in 5 the specific cytochemical marker, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was present. In addition, in a further 2 patients this feature, which was not identified in the peripheral blood, was found in the splenic cells. The bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens characteristically showed extensive lymphoid infiltration associated with a dense disordered deposition of reticulin fibres. Electron microscopical and immunological studies proved to be of doubtful diagnostic value. Splenectomy was carried out on 9 patients, and there was tumour involvement in all the spleens removed. Two patients died from septicaemia, the one before splenectomy and the other 9 months after the operation. The 8 remaining patients have had their subjective symptoms alleviated and their peripheral blood indices have been improved by splenectomy, and none has required further treatment for periods now ranging from 7 to 41 months.

Acid Phosphatase↗