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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Tarsal joint contracture in dogs with golden retriever muscular dystrophy.

Golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) is an X-linked myopathy homologous with Duchenne muscular dystrophy of human beings. Affected dogs have progressive clinical dysfunction due to muscle wasting and contractures. Deficits progress particularly rapidly between 3 and 6 months of age. To better characterize the role of contractures in this deterioration, the flexor surface, nonweight-bearing tarsal joint angle was measured in GRMD-affected dogs and clinically normal littermates at both ages. The mean +/- SD tarsal joint angle for clinically normal dogs decreased from 164.6 +/- 6.09 degrees to 145.6 +/- 8.80 degrees between 3 and 6 months (P < 0.0005). The value for GRMD-affected dogs decreased from 153.3 +/- 11.44 degrees to 117.6 +/- 24.55 degrees (P < 0.005). The angle for clinically normal dogs was greater than that for GRMD-affected dogs at both ages (P < 0.05 at 3 months and P < 0.01 at 6 months). The decrease in tarsal joint angle, at times to less than 90 degrees, correlated well with other phenotypic features of GRMD, such as loss of the ability to walk.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Prevention of myonecrosis in mdx mice: effect of immobilization by the local tetanus method.

Sixteen mdx mice of three-week-old were injected with tetanus toxin into the right gastrocnemius muscle and then subjected to sustained dorsiflexion of the right ankle joint (local tetanus) for 2 to 56 days. Another 16 mdx mice of the same age were not injected with tetanus toxin, serving as controls. The incidence of centronucleated muscle fibers, which indicate preceding myodegeneration, was significantly reduced in the tetanus toxin injected soleus muscle (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL), compared with that in the untreated control mdx mice. It seems that myonecrosis in the mdx mouse is facilitated by muscle movement itself and that immobilization of muscle prevents myonecrosis. This concept is helpful for understanding the mechanism underlying myonecrosis in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and for instruction concerning rehabilitation programs and activities in daily life.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Fusion of the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints in the horse using intraarticular sodium monoiodoacetate.

Six normal horses received 3 intra-articular injections of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) in the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints of one hindlimb. Injections were at three week intervals, and post injection pain was controlled with routine administration of phenylbutazone for five days following each injection. All horses underwent a gradually increasing exercise programme consisting of walking and trotting beginning one week after the first injection and continuing for 24 weeks. All treated joints showed increasingly severe radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease with time. Clinical signs were mild or absent during exercise. All treated joints showed radiographic and histological evidence of fusion 24 weeks after the first injection. Amount of radiographic fusion ranged from 54.49 per cent to 88.64 per cent of the joint space. Histologically, the joint space that appeared radiographically fused was filled mainly with woven and lamellar bone. Fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue was seen frequently in the transition between fused and unfused areas. Articular cartilage in unfused areas was thin, fibrillated, hypocellular and histochemically showed diminished proteoglycan content. Existing joint space was filled with fibrin and necrotic, acellular chondroid matrix. We conclude that MIA will produce fusion of the DIT and TMT joints of normal horses in 24 weeks, and may offer a relatively easy, inexpensive and non-invasive treatment for distal tarsal osteoarthritis in the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

An experimental study on the effects of polymorphiasis in common eider ducklings.

Eight common eider (Somateria mollissima) ducklings were experimentally infected from 1 June through 13 June, 1995 with acanthocephalans (Polymorphus minutus) by allowing the birds to feed on Gammarus spp. (Gammarus oceanicus, G. salinus, G. zaddachi, and G. lacustris) containing acanthocephalan cystacanths. Uninfected Gammarus spp. were fed to a control group of seven ducklings. No mortality of ducklings occurred during the experiment. However, the infected ducklings gained weight more slowly than the control birds. After the 2 wk study period, the mean serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, beta-globulin, gamma-globulin, fructosamine and creatine kinase were lower in the infected group than in the controls. The mean (+/-SE) number of acanthocephalans in the intestine of the infected ducklings was 21 (+/-4). The parasites were attached to the mucosa of the posterior small intestine of the infected ducklings with a mixed inflammatory reaction consisting of heterophils and mononuclear lymphocytes surrounding the attachment sites.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1989

Tarsal fractures in a heifer and a bull.

Tarsal fractures were diagnosed in a heifer and a bull. In both cases, radiography confirmed intra-articular fractures, with subluxation of the fracture fragment. Sudden, nonreducible hock flexion was a clinical sign in both cases. This sign may be highly suggestive of intra-articular fracture when diagnosis must be made without radiography.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tourniquet-induced hypertension in an ostrich.

Surgery was performed on a 3-year-old 110-kg male ostrich (Struthio camelus) to remove a sequestrum from the dorsal aspect of the left tarsometatarsal bone. A pneumatic tourniquet was positioned proximal to the surgical site and inflated to 600 mm of Hg. Systolic blood pressure increased 35% over 105 minutes while the tourniquet was inflated. Systolic blood pressure decreased 31.5% within 30 seconds after removal of the tourniquet pressure. Recovery from anesthesia and surgery was routine. The tourniquet-induced hypertension in this ostrich was similar to that reported for human beings and horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Influence of radiographically detectable orthopedic changes on racing performance in standardbred trotters.

The tarsocrural, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints of 753 Standardbred yearlings were radiographed. On the basis of radiographic findings, the horses were allotted into 4 groups. Group-1 horses had osteochondrosis in the tarsocrural joints. Group-2 horses had palmar/plantar bony fragments in the metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal joints. Group-3 horses had radiographic changes in the metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal joint region, such as bony fragments located at the dorsoproximal end of the proximal phalanx, osteochondrosis of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpus/metatarsus, ununited proximoplantar tuberosity of the proximal phalanx, or nonarticular, osteolytic and productive changes in the proximal sesamoid bones. Group-4 horses did not have radiographic changes. The number of race starts and race earnings (categorized) of the horses in groups 1, 2, and 3 were compared with those of the horses in group 4, using a multivariate regression analysis. Horses in groups 1, 2, and 3 had significantly fewer starts and somewhat lower earnings compared with the horses in group 4.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A study of ten cases of focal peritarsal infection as a cause of severe lameness in the thoroughbred racehorse: clinical signs, differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome.

The differential diagnoses of tarsal joint infection, fracture and peritarsal focal infection are of particular importance in practice. The objective of the present report is to provide additional clinical data to assist in the understanding of one of these conditions. The haematological parameters, clinical signs, treatment and outcome of 10 cases of severe lameness associated with peritarsal infection are reviewed. All horses had a significant rise in rectal temperature. The majority of cases (6/10) had haematological changes consistent with acute bacterial infection on the day of first examination. In the remaining cases these changes were not apparent on a blood sample taken on the first examination, but became so after 24 h. Nine out of 10 cases made a complete recovery on a regimen of i.v. antibiotic therapy, in conjunction with administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and repeated forced exercise. One case developed osteomyelitis of the third and fourth metatarsal bones, but made a full recovery in due course. It is concluded that, in the majority of cases, prompt treatment with antibiotic therapy, analgesics and forced exercise results in complete resolution of the condition.

Animals↗