Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TRYPANOSOMIASIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Tsetse and trypanosomiasis survey of Southern Darfur Province, Sudan. I. Bovine trypanosomiasis.

During a survey of Southern Darfur Province, Sudan blood samples from over 4,000 migratory cattle were analysed to determine levels of anaemia and trypanosome parasitaemia by buffy coat examination of microhaematocrit centrifuged samples. Levels of trypanosomal infections in the herds correlated well with their risk of exposure to tsetse being significantly lower at increasing distance from tsetse foci. Trypansoma vivax infections predominated in all herds, increasingly so with increasing distance from tsetse foci. Packed cell volume values could not be used to assist in trypanosome diagnosis at either individual or herd levels and the lack of correlation between anaemia and parasitaemia is suggested as evidence of a degree of trypanosomal tolerance in the Western Baggara cattle. Drug use and problems of drug resistance are discussed. Bovine trypanosomiasis is largely under control at present but requires continued surveillance (particularly of drug use) to prevent future problems as tsetse/cattle interactions increase.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Tsetse-trypanosomiasis challenge to village N'Dama cattle in The Gambia: field assessments of spatial and temporal patterns of tsetse-cattle contact and the risk of trypanosomiasis infection.

The severity of the trypanosomiasis problem in a particular location is traditionally assessed in terms of a challenge index-the product of some measure of tsetse abundance and infection-rate-which is assumed to be proportional to the force of infection. However, this index masks variation in the force of infection between herds and among individuals within herds. It is also not comparable between sites since the relative abundance of tsetse to hosts may vary. We have studied spatial distribution of herds of cattle in relation to tsetse in The Gambia and calculated an index of challenge based on the ratio of vectors to hosts over the livestock ranging area. This index is strongly correlated with estimates of the force of infection calculated from the incidence of infection in susceptible zebu; and it provides information on heterogeneity in exposure of different herds to tsetse.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Future prospects for the chemotherapy of human trypanosomiasis. 1. Novel approaches to the chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis.

Chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis is far from satisfactory and the discovery of new drugs has been slow. Emphasis on the empirical approach to drug development is now shifting towards a more rational, directed approach, which employs the modern tools of science. This is illustrated with respect to the newly discovered drug target, trypanothione, a unique metabolite which is critical for survival of Trypanosoma and Leishmania and absent from the host.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Future prospects for the chemotherapy of human trypanosomiasis. 2. Combination chemotherapy and African trypanosomiasis.

This paper reviews the progress which has been achieved with combination chemotherapy of experimental murine central nervous system trypanosomiasis. Successful treatments have been achieved with suramin followed by 5-nitroimidazoles; difluoromethylornithine in combination with bleomycin, 9-deazainosine, suramin, arsenicals, antimonials and diamidines; and also the arsenicals in combination with the 5-nitroimidazoles or nifurtimox. Pretreatment with prednisolone and azathioprine, to minimize reactive encephalopathies, and supportive treatment with oxygen are both indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Interpretation of the CATT (Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test) in the screening for human trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense].

Mass screening for Gambiense sleeping sickness is usually done with the Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test (CATT) in series (total blood CATT followed by a serum CATT if the first test is positive) and the search for trypanosomes in cervical adenopathies. At present, the double positives (blood CATT and serum CATT) as well as the subjects in whom the trypanosome was found (in the blood or gland juice) are treated. The existence of patients whose gland punction was proved positive whereas the total blood CATT remained negative, has led the authors to make a survey with the CATT in parallel (on blood and serum CATT) on a 2,030 subjects sample in the Boko Songho site (Congo-Bouenza area). Whereas the prevalence of the positive cases to blood CATT and serum CATT (CATT in series) is 6.8%, the prevalence of the positive cases to at least one of both CATT's (CATT in parallel) is 19%. The 12.2% discordant results (blood+/serum- or blood-/serum+) have been reexamined a month later with the CATT and with the indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Among these, 22.3% had become positive to blood and serum, whereas 30.6% had become negative. The latter group presents the problem of cross-reactions. The authors performed an IFAT with Trypanosoma congolense (T.c.) as antigen on an 18 subjects sample with a discordant CATT. All IFAT performed with T.c. were positive to a 1/50th threshold whereas some of the serum remained negative with IFAT when Trypanosoma brucei gambiense had been used as an antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Constructing a causal model of African human trypanosomiasis. The Antwerp Trypanosomiasis Causal Modelling Group.

Following the TDR/WHO sponsored Workshop on Modelling Sleeping Sickness Epidemiology and Control, 25-29 January 1988, Antwerp, a group of scientists at the Institute of Tropical Medicine "Prince Leopold" (ITM), Antwerp, started to develop a causal model of human african trypanosomiasis. The group hypothesised a series of relations between determinants and associated factors of the prevalence of sleeping sickness. These relations were pictured in a logically structured hierarchial representation of the causal web of sleeping sickness.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

African trypanosomiasis: haematogenic brain parasitism early in experimental infection through bypassing the blood-brain barrier, with considerations on brain trypanosomiasis in man.

A hematogenic invasion of the brain in suckling NMRI mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense was initiated by means of a mechanical damage of the blood-brain barrier. The brain was punctured after development of a blood infection. Brain infection was found in 31 out of 32 animals examined. Trypanosomes are initially capable of rapid multiplication. The number of parasites was highest during the 1st week. From the middle of the 2nd week the number of parasites decreased continuously, alongside increasing atrophy. In the 3rd and 4th week only rare degenerating or ghost trypanosomes were present. No reactions were detected in the glial and mesenchymal cells. It is presumed that the short phase of trypanosome multiplication is due to the temporary collateral oedema of the brain tissue. The decrease in parasites from the 2nd week onwards is mainly attributed to natural death due to particular anatomical features of the brain tissue. These are also responsible for the absence of defensive inflammatory reactions, based on the hypothesis that contact between trypanosomes and the cells of the brain blood vessels is prevented.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis: the use of guanylhydrazone compounds in the treatment of experimental murine trypanosomiasis.

The efficacy of 1,3,5-triacetylbenzene tris(guanylhydrazone) trihydrochloride i.e. [(TBG)] in the treatment of early and late stage infections of Trypanosoma brucei in mice was investigated. Successful treatment on day 3 after infection could be achieved by doses of 2 X 2.5 mg kg-1. If treatment was delayed to 21 days after infection then the mice had to be given either suramin (1 X 20 mg kg-1) or difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO) 2% solution for 14 days in addition to either 15 mg kg-1 (TBG) daily for 4 days or 10 mg kg-1 twice daily for 4 days to obtain permanent cures. Other guanylhydrazone compounds were investigated for the treatment of chronic T. brucei infections and, at the limited dose levels used, failed to give any permanent cures. The use of (TBG) in the treatment of early and late stage infections of T. congolense and T. evansi indicated that treatment on day 3 after infection could be successful but on day 21 after infection the results were disappointing.

Animals↗