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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Epidemiology of human geohelminth infections (ascariasis, trichuriasis and necatoriasis) in Lushui and Puer Counties, Yunnan Province, China.

Between April and June of 1998, the prevalence and intensity of geohelminth infections caused by hookworm, Ascaris and Trichuris were investigated in two rural Yunnan villages. In Liuku, a village of Lisu indigenous people in Lushui County, there was an overall geohelminth prevalence of 72% (48%, 43% and 16% for hookworm infection, ascariasis, and trichuriasis, respectively). The prevalence of ascariasis was greatest among preschool and school aged children, whereas the prevalence of trichuriasis was greatest among teenagers and the prevalence of hookworm increased until the age of 10-15 and then remained high throughout adulthood. In Linger, a village of Han Chinese, located in Puer County, there was an overall geohelminth prevalence of 77% (30%, 60% and 36% for hookworm infection, ascariasis, and trichuriasis, respectively). The differences in prevalence for hookworm and ascariasis were statistically significant. The prevalence of hookworm in Linger increased steadily with age and did not plateau, but there were no discernible patterns of prevalence versus age for either ascariasis or trichuriasis. Heavy trichuriasis infections were noted to occur in Linger. In both villages, more than 98% of the hookworm infections were of light and moderate intensity. Both by morphologic identification of third-stage infective larvae (L3) from eggs as well as identification of adult hookworms recovered from adult residents after treatment with quantrel, Necator americanus was identified as the exclusive hookworm in each village. Geohelminth infections caused by Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm remain highly endemic to the rural areas of Yunnan Province in southwestern China.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Computed tomographic findings of trichuriasis.

In this report, we present computed tomographic findings of colonic trichuriasis. The patient was a 75-year-old man who complained of abdominal pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis was achieved by colonoscopic biopsy. Abdominal computed tomography showed irregular and nodular thickening of the wall of the cecum and ascending colon. Although these findings are nonspecific, they may be one of the findings of trichuriasis. These findings, confirmed by pathologic analysis of the biopsied tissue and Kato-Katz parasitological stool flotation technique, revealed adult Trichuris. To our knowledge, this is the first report of colonic trichuriasis indicated by computed tomography.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Comparative efficacy of albendazole and three brands of mebendazole in the treatment of ascariasis and trichuriasis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of 400 mg albendazole (Smith Kline Beecham) as a single dose and three brands of mebendazole (Janssen, Unibios and East African Pharmaceuticals) at doses of 100 mg twice a day for three consecutive days in the treatment of single or mixed infections with Ascaris lumbricoides and or Trichuris trichiura in four treatment groups of school children. DESIGN: Randomized trial. SETTING: Wondo-Genet, southern Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: School children, aged six to nineteen years. RESULTS: The percentage cure rate and egg reduction rate obtained with albendazole and mebendazole from the three brands were not significantly different in the treatment of ascariasis. However, significant differences were found among the percentage cure rates and egg reduction rates of the four treatment groups in the treatment of trichuriasis. Comparatively, high cure rate (89.8%) and egg reduction rate (99.1%) were observed in vermox (Janssen) treated group followed by Unibios (India) treated group (53.3% and 96.53% cure and egg reduction rates, respectively), whereas low cure rate (17.1%) and egg reduction rate (69.8%) were seen in the albendazole treated group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that in areas of single or mixed infections with Trichuris trichiura and/or Ascaris lumbricoides are common public health problems and where laboratory facilities are not available to make parasite identification, mebendazole (particularly vermox, a product of Janssen laboratory) would be the drug of choice to treat trichuriasis and ascariasis. However, either mebendazole from the different brands or albendazole is effective in the treatment of ascariasis in areas where trichuriasis is not prevalent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Is trichuriasis associated with iron deficiency anemia?

We performed quantitative fecal examinations, hemograms, and serum iron determinations on 103 first-grade children from Vieques Island, Puerto Rico, to determine whether trichuriasis was associated with iron deficiency and anemia. Although hemoglobin values tended to be slightly lower in Trichuris-infected children, there was no association between trichuriasis and serum iron or transferrin saturation values. These data demonstrate that in lightly infected children such as the population studied trichuriasis is not associated with iron deficiency anemia.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiological aspects of Trichuris and trichuriasis in Caribbean communities.

The review argues for a reappraisal of the health significance of the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura. Infections with this geohelminth are at least as prevalent as Ascaris lumbricoides in many localities, and are associated with significant morbidity. Infection may result in severe trichuriasis syndrome or, more frequently, in a chronic colitis associated with growth stunting. Under-reporting of the chronic manifestations of disease has resulted in a gross under-estimation of the health impact of trichuriasis. Furthermore, estimation of the population dynamical parameters of T. trichiura transmission suggests that whipworm infections are intrinsically more resistant to control than those of other common geohelminths. A major determinant of the transmission dynamics and morbidity characteristics of this helminthiasis is the aggregation of worm burdens in certain predisposed individuals and age groups. It is suggested that improved understanding of the factors generating this distribution of infection intensity is a pre-requisite for effective control of both infection and morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative clinical studies of nitazoxanide, albendazole and praziquantel in the treatment of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hymenolepiasis in children from Peru.

Three randomized clinical studies were conducted in 2000 to evaluate the efficacy of nitazoxanide paediatric suspension compared to albendazole in the treatment of ascariasis and trichuriasis and praziquantel in the treatment of hymenolepiasis in children from Cajamarca, Peru. Nitazoxanide was administered at a dose of 100 mg (age 1-3 years) or 200 mg (age 4-11 years) twice daily for 3 days, albendazole as a 400-mg single dose and praziquantel as a 25-mg/kg single dose. Post-treatment parasitological examinations were carried out on 3 faecal samples, each collected on a different day between 21 and 30 days following initiation of treatment. Nitazoxanide cured 89% (25/28), 89% (16/18) and 82% (32/39) of the cases of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hymenolepiasis respectively compared with 91% (32/35), 58% (11/19) and 96% (47/49) for the comparator drugs. Each of the drugs produced egg reduction rates in excess of 98%. There were no significant adverse events or abnormalities in haematology or clinical chemistry values or urinalysis.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1989

Host predisposition to trichuriasis: the mouse--T. muris model.

Predisposition to trichuriasis in mice is reflected in the inability of certain strains, or certain individuals within strains, to express protective immunity. Poor responders fail to expel worms and harbour chronic patent infections. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were studied in poor responder mice challenged after abbreviated or prolonged primary infections. Mice exposed to a complete primary infection were fully susceptible when challenged after the removal of the primary infection by anthelmintic. Failure to expel either infection suggests (a) that non-responsiveness to a primary infection does not reflect an inability to expel worms of a certain size, i.e. is not a consequence of the speed of the immune response in relation to parasite growth and (b) that non-responsiveness is long-lasting. Challenge after abbreviation of primary infections at different stages of worm development showed that persistence of larvae beyond day 21 was critical in determining poor response to reinfection. By inference the same conclusion can be drawn about the inability of such mice to expel primary infections. Serological analysis suggested a relationship between low antibody titres, restricted antigen recognition profiles and resistance to infection. It is suggested that the later stages of parasite development are immunosuppressive; the implications for human trichuriasis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Benzimidazoles in the treatment of trichuriasis: a review.

Treatment of severe symptomatic trichuriasis observed with heavy worm burdens is not satisfactory with recommended doses of mebendazole, flubendazole and albendazole. Higher doses of anthelmintics for longer periods of treatment generally improve the cure rates but treatment of such associated symptoms as diarrhoea is recommended before starting anthelmintic therapy. Such severe cases of trichuriasis should be considered separately; they do not represent the majority of cases infected by this parasite, which usually respond to benzimidazoles.

Albendazole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basal and ACTH-stimulated plasma aldosterone concentrations are normal or increased in dogs with trichuriasis-associated pseudohypoadrenocorticism.

We measured plasma concentrations of cortisol and aldosterone before and after administration of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in dogs with trichuriasis. These dogs had physical examination, historical, and serum electrolyte findings suggestive of hypoadrenocorticism; trichuriasis-associated pseudohypoadrenocorticism has been reported previously. We found normal basal and ACTH-stimulated plasma cortisol concentrations. Basal and ACTH-stimulated plasma aldosterone concentrations were normal in 2 dogs and increased in 3 dogs, suggesting that the electrolyte abnormalities seen in this clinical syndrome are not due to aldosterone deficiency.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed2003

A case of gastroenteritis associated with gastric trichuriasis.

A rare human case of gastroenteritis and eosinophilic ascites associated with gastric trichuriasis is described. The patient was a 32-yr-old woman who was working in a farm near Pohang, Korea. She complained of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Endoscopic examination found focal linear hyperemia on the mucosa of the stomach antrum, and endoscopic biopsy confirmed eosinophilic inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach, terminal ileum, and cecum. The biopsy specimen of the stomach included a female Trichuris trichiura which was covered by many inflammatory cells on its surface. Ascites and intestinal wall thickening was found by CT scan, and Douglas pouch centesis aspirated bloody ascites which included many eosinophils. She was medicated with prednisolone and albendazole and cured. She is the first case of eosinophilic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and ascites associated with trichuriasis in the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Massive trichuriasis in an adult diagnosed by colonoscopy].

A case of massive trichuriasis in a 37-year-old female from a rural locality of the Metropolitan Region of Chile, with antecedents of alcoholism, chronic hepatic damage and portal cavernomatosis, is presented. Since 12 year ago she has had geophagia. In the last six months she has frequently presented liquid diarrhea, colic abdominal pains, tenesmus and sensation of abdominal distention. Clinical and laboratory tests confirmed her hepatic affection associated with a celiac disease with anemia and hypereosinophilia. Within a week diarrhea became worse and dysentery appeared. A colonoscopy revealed an impressive and massive trichuriasis. The patient was successfully treated with two cures of 200 mg tablets of mebendazole twice daily for three days with a week interval. After the first cure she evacuated a big amount of Tricuris trichiura, fecal evacuations became normal, geophagia disappeared and recovered 4 kg of body weight.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Efficacy of multiple dose mebendazole against trichuriasis in Thai and Karen patients.

Treatment of trichuriasis with mebendazole 500 mg for three days, and 100 mg twice daily for three days, yielded cure rates of 93.9 and 88.9% in Thai patients, while the cure rates in Karen patients were 96.2 and 95.5% respectively. The total number of Thai and Karen trichuriasis patients were 60 and 48, when tested by modified cellophane thick smear Kato-Katz technique. There were no significant differences among the two groups of patients and doses of treatment (p > 0.05).

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of a new antihelminthic for trichuriasis, hookworm, and stronglyloidiasis.

Mebendazole was tested in a double-blind trial for its efficacy in the treatment and control of enteric helminths. One hundred and twenty-two children from a community near the Gulf of Carpentaria, and from a community in Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland were divided into two equal groups to receive a course of either mebendazole or placebo after the identification of one or more intestinal helminths in a single pretreatment specimen of faeces. Between the tenth and twentieth days after a four-day course of treatment, three specimens of faeces were collected from each child. Mebendazole cured trichuriasis in 75% of cases, and over-all egg reduction rate was 96%. The drug also cured hookworm in 13 out of 15 cases and Strongyloides sterocoralis infestation in 14 out of 21 cases. Mebendazole was ineffective against Hymenolepis nana. No cases of Ascaris lumbricoides infestation were present. No side effects or adverse reactions to the drug were noted and patient acceptance was excellent. Mebendazole appears to be a safe drug for use in the treatment of human parasitic intestinal nematode infestations, and should be especially useful in the treatment and control of trichuriasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Trichuriasis. Roentgenographic features and differential diagnosis with lymphoid hyperplasia.

Twenty patients with massive trichuriasis were studied with double contrast barium enema. The following changes were observed: 1) Impregnation defects of the colonic wall probably due to abundant mucous secretions. 2) Granular features. 3) Pear-shaped caecum. 4) Radiolucid ringlike images with some contrast material in its center, similar to those seen in lymphoid hyperplasia. On closer observation it was seen that the radiolucid ring was not complete and was continued by a prolongation which corresponds to the whipworm. This feature is central to the differential diagnosis.

Cecum↗
PubMed2006

Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm.

The three main soil-transmitted helminth infections, ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm, are common clinical disorders in man. The gastrointestinal tract of a child living in poverty in a less developed country is likely to be parasitised with at least one, and in many cases all three soil-transmitted helminths, with resultant impairments in physical, intellectual, and cognitive development. The benzimidazole anthelmintics, mebendazole and albendazole, are commonly used to remove these infections. The use of these drugs is not limited to treatment of symptomatic soil-transmitted helminth infections, but also for large-scale prevention of morbidity in children living in endemic areas. As a result of data showing improvements in child health and education after deworming, and the burden of disease attributed to soil-transmitted helminths, the worldwide community is awakening to the importance of these infections. Concerns about the sustainability of periodic deworming with benzimidazole anthelmintics and the emergence of resistance have prompted efforts to develop and test new control tools.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Randomised trial of albendazole and pyrantel in symptomless trichuriasis in children.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to find out whether symptomless infection with Trichuris trichiura is associated with impairment of growth and to assess the effect of a multiple-doses regimen of anthelmintic drugs on the growth of children. METHODS: In a community based trial, 622 Mexican children were randomly allocated one of three treatment regimens: 3 days of albendazole 400 mg daily (high efficacy); one dose of albendazole 400 mg (moderate efficacy); one dose of pyrantel (pyrantel embonate) 11 mg/kg (low efficacy). Growth was monitored for 12 months. Analyses were by intention to treat. FINDINGS: 113 (18%) children were lost to follow-up--34 from the pyrantel group, 45 from the albendazole 400 mg group, and 34 from the albendazole 1200 mg group. Among the 127 children with heavy pretreatment infections, albendazole 1200 mg was better than pyrantel in terms of an increase in arm circumference (mean 0.26 cm, p=0.044). Among the 381 children with low pretreatment levels of infection, changes in weight (mean difference between groups -0.33 kg, p=0.036), arm circumference (-0.18 cm, p=0.0095), and thickness of triceps skinfold (-0.41 mm, p=0.0031) were less in children on albendazole 1200 mg than in those on pyrantel. INTERPRETATION: Symptomless trichuriasis impairs growth and albendazole or pyrantel may affect growth, independently of a therapeutic action on parasites. Possible toxic effects of high-dose albendazole require further investigation.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1985

Ovicidal effects of albendazole in human ascariasis, ancylostomiasis and trichuriasis.

Albendazole, a broad spectrum anthelmintic, was administered as a 400 mg single dose to 20 patients harbouring Ascaris (ten cases), hookworms (four cases each of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) and trichuriasis (ten cases). Faeces were obtained before treatment and during the following five days. Coprocultures were made for 90 days for Ascaris and Trichuris eggs, hookworm eggs were cultured by the Harada-Mori technique for at least eight days. Albendazole was ovicidal against all four genera of nematodes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Age- and infection intensity-dependent cytokine and antibody production in human trichuriasis: the importance of IgE.

The cytokine and antibody response to Trichuris trichiura infection was determined for 96 persons living in an area where the parasite is highly endemic and infection exhibits a convex age intensity profile. In response to stimulation with T. trichiura antigen, a small proportion of the study group produced interleukin (IL)-4 (7%), IL-9 (5%), and IL-13 (17%). A larger proportion produced IL-10 (97%), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (93%), and interferon (IFN)-gamma (32%). The levels of TNF-alpha (P =.016) and IFN-gamma (P =.012) significantly increased with age, suggesting a switch to a more chronic infection phenotype. The predominant parasite-specific antibodies produced were IgG1, IgG4, IgA, and IgE. Unlike the IgG subclasses and IgA, parasite-specific IgE correlated negatively with infection intensity, as defined by egg output (P =.008), and positively with host age (P =.010). These findings suggest a mixed cytokine response in trichuriasis and an IgE-associated level of protection.

Adolescent↗