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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Surgical treatment of fracture-dislocation of connect of cervical vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the value of anterior operation in fracture-dislocation of connect of cervical vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae. METHODS: From 1997, 21 patients with fracture-dislocation of connect of cervical vertebra and thoracic vertebrae were operated on. The interval between injury and operation was within 24 hours in 4 cases, 2-7 days in 9 cases, 8-14 days in 3 cases and within 4 weeks in 5 cases. The locations were C6,7 in 7 cases, C7 in 9 cases and T1 in 5 cases. The nerves function of spinal of all the cases have different degrees of injury. Classification of Frankel were the following: 3 cases of grade A, 6 cases of grade B, 9 cases of grade C, and 3 cases of grade D. The operative procedure included the following: anterior operation of cervical vertebrae; incision of most fracture vertebral body to decompress; transplantation of ilium bone grafting fusion; and internal fixation of anterior cervical vertebrae with locking-steel. RESULTS: In 21 patients, 1 died of accompanying by pulmonary infection; 20 were followed up 8 months to 3 years with an average of 21 months. All transplanted ilium had fused. The nerve function of spinal cord had recovered in different degrees(2 cases of grade A, 1 case of grade C, 9 cases of grade D and 8 cases of grade E); the turn of vertebral column was normal. No internal fixation failed. CONCLUSION: Anterior operation is a better way to treat fracture-dislocation of connect of cervical vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae with easy operation, less complications, satisfactory reduction of fracture and good stability.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Anatomical variants of the cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic vertebra in man.

Anatomical variants of the cervical part of the human spine were investigated. Morphological variants were studied on 100 cervical vertebrae (37 female and 63 male). The greatest variability was demonstrated by the first cervical vertebra or atlas. The presence of some accessory bony arches embracing the vertebral artery was observed, namely the posterior bridge restraining the arcuate foramen (13.8%) and the lateral bridge restraining the transversovertical foramen (2%). Split posterior (3%) or anterior (1%) arches of the atlas were also encountered in this material. The superior articular face of the atlas divided into two parts was found in 47.8%. Variants of the remaining cervical vertebrae were limited only to the presence of a division of the transverse process foramina or their incomplete closure. Some of these anatomical variants may be a cause of certain clinical symptoms which have previously been described in the literature.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1995

Placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. Part I: Morphometric analysis of the thoracic vertebrae.

We studied the morphology of the thoracic vertebrae in the spines of seventeen human cadavera in order to define parameters that could be used as guidelines for the placement of hooks and screws in the pedicles to obtain internal fixation. We also reviewed computerized tomographic scans of nineteen thoracic spines in living patients who had no evidence of any vertebral deformity. The transverse diameter of the pedicle, which helps to determine the size of the screw, ranged from a mean (and standard deviation) of 4.5 +/- 1.2 millimeters in the fourth thoracic vertebra to a mean of 7.8 +/- 2.0 millimeters in the twelfth thoracic vertebra. The pedicles were inclined anteromedially throughout the thoracic spine, and the angle ranged from 0.3 degree toward the midline in the twelfth thoracic vertebra to 13.9 degrees in the fourth thoracic vertebra. The morphometric data revealed wide variations in the dimensions of the pedicles, demonstrating the importance of accurate preoperative imaging with transaxial computerized tomographic scans to visualize the precise osseous margins and angles of insertion of the thoracic pedicles.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1993

[A case of chondrosarcoma of the thoracic vertebra].

A case of chondrosarcoma of the thoracic vertebra in a 47-year-old female is described. Chest X-ray, CT and MRI disclosed an abnormal mass lesion in the posterior mediastinum. The lesion was surgically removed through right thoracotomy. The operative findings revealed that the lesion, hard and measuring 6.5 x 4.5 x 4.5 cm in diameter, was originated from the 7th and 8th thoracic vertebra. The lesion was histopathologically diagnosed chondrosarcoma. The chondrosarcoma arising from the thoracic vertebra is very rare, and only 10 cases have hitherto been reported in the Japanese literature.

Chondrosarcoma↗
PubMed1991

Morphology and structural characteristic of the thoracic vertebrae in the zebu (Bos indicus).

The thoracic vertebrae and the course of the ligamentum nuchae were investigated in the East African zebu (Bos indicus) from birth to the age of four years. The results were compared with the findings in 28 specimens of Bos taurus aged 1-4 years. In Bos indicus, at all ages, the apices of the spinous processes of the 7th to 13th thoracic vertebrae are forked. The terminal arms are covered with cartilage, which provides attachment for the funicular part of the ligamentum nuchae. The tips of the spinous processes of the 3rd, 4th and 6th thoracic vertebrae which point dorsad and slightly caudad, are bordered by the two lateral portions of the funicular ligamentum nuchae. At its dorsal insertion, the nuchal ligament lies between the terminal branches, thereby creating a concavity. In Bos taurus, however, there is a convexity, because the spinous processes are not forked. Towards the lumbar spine, the spinous processes become shorter and flat-sided.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Transthoracic approaches to the lesions of thoracic cord and thoracic vertebrae].

Experiences of transthoracic approaches to the thoracic cord lesions were reported. Since 1983, we have performed six transthoracic approaches to the thoracic lesions; one thoracic OPLL, one dumbbell-shaped neurinoma, two thoracic soft disc, one epidural metastatic tumor to thoracic vertebrae. From the viewpoint of surgical anatomy, the thoracic vertebrae show a physiological kyphosis and the subarachnoid space of the ventral site is narrower than that of the dorsal site. Due to such anatomical characteristics, the thoracic laminectomy for decompression is not so effective as in the cervical or lumbar region and a relatively small mass lesion can bring a paraplegic state. The lesion of the ventral site of the thoracic cord has been regarded as no man's land because of poor results of posterior approaches. Instead of posterior approaches, anterior or anterolateral approaches with transthoracic route have been adopted. In the present paper, we used transthoracic anterolateral approaches for four patients and anterior sternum-splitting approach for two patients. The operative procedures of the approaches were described in detail. By these approaches, we could treat four patients with favourable results but the result of thoracic OPLL was poor. The cause of this poor result seemed to depend upon the intraoperative compression of the thoracic cord. For the troublesome complication, we described the postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage into thoracic cavity with respiratory disturbance. Several devices to prevent such troublesome complication were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Strength reductions from trabecular destruction within thoracic vertebrae.

An in vitro model of metastatic lesions in thoracic vertebrae was used to determine if the reduction in vertebral cross-sectional area could be used to predict the associated strength reduction. Defects, entirely within the trabecular bone, were created in alternating vertebrae of unembalmed human thoracic spines. The adjacent vertebrae were tested intact and served as controls. Defect size was determined as the cross-sectional area of the defect divided by the nominal cross-sectional area of the vertebral body midplane. Vertebrae were tested to failure using combined axial-flexion loads. For each spine, a linear regression was determined between the cross sectional area of the superior endplate and the load at failure for the intact vertebrae. The intact strength of bodies with defects was estimated from this regression. The normalized strength of thoracic vertebrae with trabecular defects was linearly related to the reduction in cross-sectional area (normalized failure load = 1.0-Ad/Ai, r2 = 0.51; Ad = cross-sectional area of defect; and Ai = intact cross-sectional area at midplane). The data suggest that the strength reduction due to lytic defects within the centrum of thoracic vertebrae is proportional to the cross-sectional area of bone resorbed.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Effects of polyvinyl chloride overwrap film, high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging, or ultra-low-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging on bone marrow discoloration in beef humerus, rib, thoracic vertebra, and scapula.

Meat retailers have reported bone marrow discoloration to be a problem, especially in modified atmosphere packages (MAP). Therefore, it is important to determine the prevalence and cause(s) of bone marrow discoloration in different beef bones and packaging systems. Thirty-six beef humeri, ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae from USDA Select and Choice carcasses were obtained from a commercial abattoir, cut into 2.54-cm-thick sections at 4 d postmortem, and packaged into 1 of 3 systems: 1) polyvinyl chloride film (PVC) overwrap; 2) high-oxygen (80% O2, 20% CO2) MAP; and 3) ultra-low-oxygen (70% N2, 30% CO2) MAP. Instrumental reflectance and visual color scores were taken on d 0, 2, and 4, and on d 0 to 4 of display, respectively. Bone marrow was extracted from humeri, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae for analysis but not from scapulas. Ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae packaged in PVC and high-oxygen MAP developed undesirable gray or black discoloration. In ultra-low-oxygen MAP, mean visual color scores were acceptable throughout the entire display period. Discoloration (darkening) was more extensive for ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae than for humeri, especially for bones packaged in PVC and high-oxygen MAP. Humeri had lower (P < 0.05) a* values (larger positive a* values indicate a redder color) than the other bones. The a* values for ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae decreased (P < 0.05) over time. Chroma showed that bone marrow discolored during display, but graying was dramatically less for all bones packaged in ultra-low-oxygen MAP and for humeri in PVC and high-oxygen MAP. Humeri marrow had lower (P < 0.05) 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) than did ribs and thoracic vertebrae marrow. Ultra-low-oxygen MAP resulted in the least amount of change in TBARS from d 0 to 4, whereas thoracic vertebrae marrow had greater (P < 0.05) TBARS values at d 4 of display than at d 0 in PVC and high-oxygen MAP. Humeri marrow had dramatically less total Fe and hemoglobin than did that of ribs and thoracic vertebrae for all packaging systems. Myoglobin was undetectable in humeri marrow. The much larger amounts of Fe and hemoglobin in ribs and thoracic vertebrae likely contribute to marrow discoloration. Bone marrow discoloration was distinct in ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae packaged in PVC or high-oxygen MAP. Bones packaged in ultra-low-oxygen MAP had minimal discoloration.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Intraosseous lipoma of lamina of the first thoracic vertebra: a case report.

STUDY DESIGN: A case is reported. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of intraosseous lipoma involving the lamina of the first thoracic vertebra. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intraosseous lipomas involving the spine rarely have been reported. METHODS: An incidental intraosseous lesion of the lamina of the first thoracic vertebra documented on magnetic resonance imaging was surgically excised and pathologically evaluated. RESULTS: The histologic findings were consistent with those for intraosseous lipomas previously reported in other bones. CONCLUSIONS: The authors present a rare case of an intraosseous lipoma involving the lamina of the first thoracic vertebra.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The inheritance of vertebral shape in the mouse. I. A study using Fourier analysis to examine patterns of inheritance in the morphology of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae.

The shapes of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae from large samples of 2 inbred strains of mice and their F1 offspring were examined using Fourier analysis to investigate in detail the distributions and magnitudes of differences in vertebral shape between different strains of mice, the relationships between parents and offspring and any differences in the inheritance of vertebral shape between successive vertebral levels. Consistent with the findings of an earlier study there was evidence for considerable differences between vertebral levels in the degree to which offspring resemble one or other parent. The results demonstrate that the inheritance of vertebral morphology conforms to a model in which F1s between inbred strains form a triangular relationship with their parents. Furthermore, this relationship varies between vertebral levels. The significance of these findings is considered in relation to the understanding of the mechanisms of character inheritance and evolution and some new directions for research into vertebral column morphogenesis are proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Approaching the upper thoracic vertebrae without sternotomy or thoracotomy: a radiographic analysis with clinical application.

STUDY DESIGN: The distribution of the lowest vertebra tangential to the suprasternal notch and the lowest intervertebral disc visualized above the sternum was determined on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. The method is illustrated in seven patients undergoing upper thoracic spinal reconstruction to define a surgical approach without sternotomy or thoracotomy. OBJECTIVES: The relation of the sternal notch to thoracic vertebrae was examined by MRI to estimate the thoracic level approachable anteriorly without sternotomy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Upper thoracic spine (T1-T4) visualization is considered difficult. The thoracic vertebrae that can be visualized anteriorly without sternotomy is unknown. METHODS: The vertebral level tangential to the suprasternal notch and the lowest intervertebral disc visualized in its entirety above the sternum was determined from 106 consecutive midsagittal cervicothoracic MRI studies. The method was evaluated in seven patients to illustrate application of a low suprasternal, lateral extracavitary, or transpedicular approach to performing upper thoracic reconstruction. RESULTS: The midportion of the T3 vertebra is often above the sternal notch, whereas the trajectory of the T1-T2 intervertebral disc is usually rostral to the sternum. All four patients with disease above the sternal notch on MRI underwent a low left suprasternal approach, whereas three others were treated with a lateral extracavitary or transpedicular approach. No patient worsened neurologically and all ambulated independently after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Upper thoracic vertebrae can be exposed without sternotomy or thoracotomy by a low left suprasternal approach. Midsagittal cervicothoracic MRI can identify the thoracic vertebrae above the sternum, thereby determining whether a low suprasternal approach is feasible. Otherwise, a lateral extracavitary or transpedicular approach can be used to avoid sternotomy or thoracotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Total excision of thoracic vertebrae (author's transl)].

The authors believe that it is not possible to remove a thoracic vertebra completely by a lateral transthoracic approach. They have operated on three patients in which a thoracic vertebra has been removed completely using an extended posterior approach. The technique described utilizes an extra-pleural bilateral thoracotomy through a single posterior incision. The posterior mediastinum is mobilised and the vertebral bodies freed. The technique is indicated in tumours of the spine compressing or threatening the spinal cord, especially primary local malignant tumours or where adjuvant treatment such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or radio active drugs are effective. Benign but recurrent tumours such as giant cell tumours or aneurysmal bone cysts are also good indications for this method.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Tc-99m depreotide SPECT demonstrates photon-deficiency in the thoracic vertebrae after adjunct radiation therapy of lung cancer: correlation with MRI and bone scintigraphy.

Fifteen months after right lobe lobectomy with adjunctive radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma, a patient 53-yr-old man underwent Tc-99m depreotide chest single photon emission tomography (SPECT). In addition to two focal areas of abnormally increased uptake in the right lung, the Tc-99m depreotide SPECT showed cold areas in the middle thoracic vertebrae. Photopenic areas in the 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae were shown on a bone scintigraphy. T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed fatty replacement of the marrow and Schmorl's nodes involving the 5th to 11th thoracic vertebrae. The vertebrae are normally visualized in Tc-99m depreotide SPECT imaging study, and lung tumor is usually somatostatin receptor positive with demonstrable activity in the lung. Absent uptake in the vertebrae in the fatty replacement of the marrow and multiple and giant vertebral Schmorl's nodes in the correspondent vertebrae in MRI may reflect visualization of vertebrae due to Tc-99m depreotide localizing in the bone marrow. Of the three imaging modalities, MRI showed the widest areas of thoracic vertebral involvement. One should be aware that a cold lesion in the vertebrae on Tc-99m depreotide imaging study may result from irradiation and may indicate the presence of a benign lesion in the bone marrow.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1997

The official nomenclature of the articular facets for the rib on the thoracic vertebra: a case for revision.

In Nomina Anatomica 6th ed., the articular facets for the rib on the thoracic vertebra are called Fovea costalis superior, Fovea costalis inferior, and Fovea costalis processus transversi respectively. But, there is a little problem about the names of Fovea costalis superior and Fovea costalis inferior on the body of vertebra, because usually only one facet exists on each side of the body of 10th to 12th (or 9th to 12th) thoracic vertebra. This single facet on the body of vertebra should be called just Fovea costalis.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed2004

[The data management of 3D FE model reconstruction based on medical Images and the modeling for T10-T12 thoracic vertebrae].

Setting up the 3D finite element (FE) model on the basis of medical images is a necessary method of biomechanical analysis. The pretreatment, including data processing of images and mesh generation, becomes the bottleneck of FE analysis, and this is especially the case of the modeling for thoracic vertebrae, because the shapes and data are complicated. In this paper, on the basis of the data for building a 3D FE model of thoracic vertebrae, we present some structures and types of data which are essential for the reconstruction of CT medical image, analyze some methods for obtaining and processing the data from images, and then advance a theory for data management based on mesh generation by block with the software MSC. Marc. A 3D-FE Model of T10-T12 thoracic vertebrae is set up, which keeps the configuration of the true one, and satisfies the requirements of biomechanical analysis. We focus affention on the data obtainment and management during medical image processing and FE modeling, all of which are very important for the biomechanical analysis. It is helpful and instructive to reconstruct some similar tissues of human body on the basis of the medical images from CT, MRI, etc.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗