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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Experimental single-stage reconstruction of the tendon sheath and flexor tendon (free tendon graft, using a vein for sheath on the flexor tendon in dogs)].

In dog experiments the flexor tendons of the 2nd toe together with their tendon sheaths have been extirpated by the authors. Then on the place of the tendon sheath complex-resembling the human hand's "no man's land" -for the substitution of the tendon sheath-free inautotransplants with long vein-segments have been grafted in one sitting. Resuming the results of the macroscopic and light microscopic examinations carried out in definite times it has been found by the authors that while the vein segment was revascularized in the course of one or two weeks, the regeneration of the tendon transplant was slightly retarded. Between the vein and the tendon but adhesion of medium degree were found. The possibilities of the clinical use of the method are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental reconstruction of flexor tendon injuries with a free transplant tendon-tendon sheath unit].

The authors, in their experiments on chickens, imitate human "no man's land" flexor tendon injuries of bad prognosis. For reconstruction of gliding surfaces they transplanted composite flexor tendon grafts containing flexor tendons with their sheath, pulleys, and vincula. Autologous grafts were compared with homologous composite tendon grafts preserved in beta-propiolacton. Summarizing the results of macroscopic and light microscopic examinations they state that the tendon sheath of the autologous composite tendon grafts revitalize in two weeks, and their tissue structure remains practically intact. The composite tendon allografts conserved in beta-propiolacton on the contrary rebuild much more slowly, on the average over three months. Regeneration is accompanied by round-cell infiltration. In the case of the autogenous graft generally smaller, and in the case of homologous composite flexor tendon graft more multitudinous adhesions occurred between flexor tendon and tendon sheath. The authors conclude from the literature and their own results that the reconstruction of flexor tendons with autologous composite flexor tendon grafts is a proper method for the restoration of severe flexor tendon injuries. Before clinical use, homologous composite flexor tendon grafts require more experimental investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Flexor tendon-tendon sheath interaction after tendon grafting: a biomechanical study in a human model in vitro.

A human cadaver tendon sheath model was used to study the differences in excursion resistance of tendons that might be considered as sources of clinical tendon grafts. The flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tendons, the extensor indicis proprius tendon used in its normal proximal-distal orientation, the extensor indicis proprius tendon used in a reversed distal-proximal orientation, and the palmaris longus tendon were studied in 7 fingers. The intrasynovial tendons (the flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tendons and the reversed extensor indicis proprius tendon) produced less excursion resistance (p < .05) than the extrasynovial tendons (the normally oriented extensor indicis proprius tendon and the palmaris longus tendon). In contrast to studies measuring resistance against a single pulley, resistance within a complete tendon sheath may be affected by contact with other structures, particularly in joint extension.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Patellar tendon ultrasonography in asymptomatic active athletes reveals hypoechoic regions: a study of 320 tendons. Victorian Institute of Sport Tendon Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To compare patellar tendon sonographic findings in active, currently asymptomatic, elite athletes with those in nonathletic controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study with convenience control sample. SETTING: The Victorian Institute of Sport Tendon Study Group, an institutional elite athlete study group in Australia. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred elite male and female athletes from the sports of basketball, cricket, netball, and Australian rules football. Forty athletes who had current symptoms of jumper's knee were excluded from analysis, leaving 320 subject tendons in athletes who were currently asymptomatic. Twenty-seven nonathletic individuals served as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Sonographic patellar tendon appearance. We measured the dimensions of subject tendons and noted the presence or absence of hypoechoic regions and tendon calcification. Dimensions of hypoechoic regions were measured, and approximate cross-sectional areas were calculated. Chi-squared analysis was used to test the prevalence of hypoechoic regions in subjects and controls and men and women. RESULTS: In currently asymptomatic subjects, hypoechoic regions were more prevalent in athlete tendons (22%) than in controls (4%), in male subject tendons (30%) than in female subjects (14%), and in basketball players (32%) than in other athletes (9%) (all p < 0.01). Bilateral tendon abnormalities were equally prevalent in men and women but more prevalent in basketball players (15%) than in other athletes (3%) (p < 0.05). Sonographic hypoechoic regions were present in 35 of 250 (14%) patellar tendons in athletes who had never had anterior knee pain. CONCLUSIONS: Patellar tendon sonographic hypoechoic areas were present in asymptomatic patellar tendons of a proportion of elite athletes but rarely present in controls. This has implications for clinicians managing athletes with anterior knee pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Tendon transfer fixation: comparing a tendon to tendon technique vs. bioabsorbable interference-fit screw fixation.

Tendon transfer techniques in the foot and ankle are used for tendon ruptures, deformities, and instabilities. This fresh cadaver study compares the tendon fixation strength in 10 paired specimens by performing a tendon to tendon fixation technique or using 7 x 20-25 mm bioabsorbable interference-fit screw tendon fixation technique. Load at failure of the tendon to tendon fixation method averaged 279N (Standard Deviation 81N) and the bioabsorbable screw 148N (Standard Deviation 72N) [p = 0.0008]. Bioabsorbable interference-fit screws in these specimens show decreased fixation strength relative to the traditional fixation technique. However, the mean bioabsorbable screw fixation strength of 148N provides physiologic strength at the tendon-bone interface.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1989

[Scanning electron microscopy studies following two-stage tendon and tendon sheath reconstruction in experimental flexor tendon injuries].

This study involves the initial injury of a flexor tendon in chickens toes, followed by a two-step reconstruction of the tendon and its sheath. At first the damaged scarred tendon sheath region was replaced by a transplanted vein or fascia. Tendon restoration was done in the second step with a free tendon transplantation. The restored tendon sheath was then studied in sections under EM. It was observed that the surface of the reconstructed sheath was very similar to that of an intact sheath; the inner surface of the fascia being smoother than the vein. Likewise, the surface and inner structure of the transplanted tendon was proved to resemble an intact tendon. On the basis of the results of this investigation, it is believed that this procedure may be successfully applied to the reconstruction of human flexor tendon injuries in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study of the use of prefabricated bone tendon grafts and conventional tendon grafts in flexor tendon reconstruction.

In tendon grafting the weakest area is the junction between the grafted tendon and bone. In dogs a strong union between tendon and bone can be produced by threading the flexor carpi radialis tendon through a hole drilled in the radius. In experimental repair of canine flexor tendons, 3 weeks after operation the strength of the union between a composite bone-tendon graft prepared in this way is double that of the bone-tendon junction of a conventional graft. Use of prefabricated bone-tendon grafts should permit earlier postoperative movement and limit formation of adhesions between a tendon graft and its bed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A new method for the reconstruction of injured flexor tendons of the hand: tendons and tendon sheath reconstruction in 2 stages].

The authors have developed a new two-stage method of flexor tendon reconstruction for injuries in the critical zone of the hand. In the first phase of the secondary operation, they preserve the intact portions of tendon sheath. They replace the scarred tendon sheath: small retinacular defects with autologous vein grafts, larger pulley defects with fascial grafts. A silicon rubber rod is placed in the reconstructed tendon sheath. In the second stage of the operation, after six weeks generally, an autologous tendon is placed in the reconstructed tendon sheath. The authors present their material and results: In 12 of 18 flexor tendon reconstructions they achieved excellent or good results. Therefore, they propose their method for reconstructing injured flexor tendons with an unfavourable prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tenocytes from ruptured and tendinopathic achilles tendons produce greater quantities of type III collagen than tenocytes from normal achilles tendons. An in vitro model of human tendon healing.

Type I collagen is the main collagen in tendons; type III collagen is present in small amounts. Ruptured Achilles tendons contain a significantly greater proportion of type Ill collagen, which predisposes them to rupture. We used an in vitro model to determine whether tenocytes from Achilles tendons that were ruptured (N = 22), nonruptured (N = 7), tendinopathic (N = 12), and fetal (N = 8) show different behavior. Samples of Achilles tendon were digested with collagenase and the released tenocytes were collected. Primary tenocyte cultures were established and subsequently cultured onto glass coverslips. Once a confluent monolayer was obtained, the cell populations were "wounded" by scraping a pipette tip along the surface. The cultures were further incubated for either 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, or 24 hours, and production of types I and II collagen was assessed by immunostaining. In cultures from ruptured and tendinopathic tendons, there was increased production of type Ill collagen. Athletic participation places excess stress on the Achilles tendon, which could potentially lead to areas of microtrauma within the tendon. These areas may heal by the production of type III collagen, which is an abnormal healing response. Accumulation of such episodes of microtrauma could resuit in a critical point where the resistance of the tissue to tensile forces is compromised and tendon rupture occurs.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1987

[Experimental 2-stage tendon and tendon sheath reconstruction in tendon sheath injuries].

The whole tendon sheath of hens were cannulated by a silicone rubber stick in a first stage and only the injured part of the tendon sheath was substituted by a autologous venous or fascial transplant. The tendon was reconstructed by a free tendon transplant in a second stage. The venous respectively the fascial patches revitalize within 2 weeks. Smooth slide faces originated on their inner surface. The adhesions between the reconstructed tendon sheath and the tendon were small in general. The healing of the tendon ran down without any disturbance.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Calf muscle atrophy and Achilles tendon healing following experimental tendon division and surgery in rats. Comparison of postoperative immobilization of the muscle-tendon complex in relaxed and tensioned positions.

We used a rat model to study the effects of immobilization of the calf muscle-tendon complex after an experimental Achilles tendon repair. Immobilizations of the complex in either a relaxed or tensioned position were compared by histochemical and morphometric analyses at the site of the tendon injury as well as in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle bellies. The type of immobilization did not affect the healing of the tendon injury because no reruptures occurred in either of the treatment groups and the average tendon end-to-end distance did not differ between the groups. However, immobilization in a relaxed position led to a significantly more extensive fiber atrophy in the calf muscles. In clinical practice, these results suggest that rehabilitation after Achilles tendon surgery can be early and gradually tension- and load-increasing without a significant increase in the risk of rerupture of the tendon.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of fibrin sealant on the strength of tendon repair of full thickness tendon lacerations in the rabbit Achilles tendon.

The influence of fibrin sealant on healing was investigated in the suture of Achilles tendons of 24 rabbits. The Achilles tendon cut through was anastomosed with a 4-0 prolene suture alone in one group and fibrin sealant was applied to the cut surfaces of the tendon prior to suture repair in the second group. After 17 and 27 days, five animals in each group were sacrificed. The repaired Achilles tendons were retrieved and the tensile strength of the repaired tendons measured using an Instron. One rabbit in each group was sacrificed at 3 weeks and 6 weeks and the repaired tendons were harvested and fixed for histologic study. At 17 and 27 days there was no significant difference between the tensile strength of the control and fibrin sealant groups. Histologically there was no distinct difference of the repair process of the tendons between the two groups.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental treatment of the lesion of the flexor tendon, by means of tendon sheath substitution using a vein and diphasic flexor tendon plasty. A new method for the reconstruction of peritendinous slipping surfaces (author's transl)].

In dog experiments the surgical treatment of flexor tendons is discussed by the authors: the lesions of the tendons have been repaired according to the method of Paneva-Holevitch, with biphasic flexor tendon plasty; and for the substitution of the injured tendon sheath and the peritendinous slipping surfaces freely transplanted, autologous vein has been used. In the preparations removed after 8 weeks both the macroscopic and microscopic examinations showed satisfactory vascularity of the vein used as tendon sheath and of the tendinous tissue, as well as normal tissue structure. Between the vein and the tendon only small, ligamentous adhesions developed. On the basis of the good results obtained in experimental examinations the method is applied by the authors also in men with satisfactory result.

Animals↗