Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TENDON INJURY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Achilles tendon injury. Tendon elongation and soleus muscle fine structure in rabbit after different therapies.

Unilateral tenotomy of the Achilles tendon was carried out in 60 rabbits. The limb was then either mobilized directly or immobilized for 10 to 35 days using a plaster usually after tendon suture. In certain cases the plaster was removed early (on the 7th or 16th day) and the animals were than allowed to use this leg. Separation between tendon ends was apparent from steel markers, placed close to each cut end of the tendon and examined by X-ray. The separation curve was biphasic and both the first and the inactive phase reflected the degree of tension over the tendon suture. However, during the second separation phase, which began between the 17th and 21st day, the separation gradually reached the same level in all groups. Enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy revealed severe degenerative changes in immobilized and in shortened muscles. Furthermore, a gradual shift in fibre type characteristics from type 1 slow-twitch fibres towards type 2 fast-twitch fibres occurred. Rapid recovery followed removal of the plaster. The findings indicated that both degenerative and regenerative processes and adaptive processes had been initiated in all experimental muscles when the tendon continuity was broken. The adaptive processes progressed gradually during the five-week post-operative period and might have been responsible for the second phase of the tendon end separation. The fibre adaptation, i.e. the transformation, may be accounted for by changes in structure of the myofibrils and composition of the myosin molecules.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of growth factors on tendon injuries.

Tendon injuries continue to be a vexing clinical problem faced by the upper extremity surgeon. These injuries often lead to disability and dissatisfaction for both the patient and treating physician. Advances throughout the century have focused largely on improvements in surgical techniques and therapy protocols. Recently, attention has been turned to the biologic pathways by which tendons heal and the growth factors involved in this process have been identified. There is great hope that these growth factors may one day be used to treat tendon injuries. This article provides a summary of the use of growth factors on tendon injuries including contemporary research, delivery methods, and future directions in this field.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The use of eccentric training and stretching in the treatment and prevention of tendon injuries.

Tendon injuries are a common consequence of either sports or daily routine activity. Most people will suffer at least one tendon injury in his or her lifetime. It is therefore prudent to understand the different ways to load tendon and the ways in which the muscle-tendon-bone unit responds to these stresses. By maximizing tendon training and rehabilitation, one can maximize the stresses (eccentric) a tendon will withstand. This article provides an explanation of these principles.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed2002

Towards a splint-free repair for flexor tendon injuries.

Flexor tendon injury has long been recognised as a difficult problem to tackle in hand surgery. Loss of active motion in the digits results in significant morbidity. The increased understanding in tendon healing, role of the tendon sheath, and the development of mobilisation and repair techniques have drastically improved results of flexor tendon injuries over the last 50 years. The treatment of flexor tendon injuries is based on evidence-based medicine, where clinical problems and new concepts were first evaluated in the biomechanical and animal laboratories and clinical practice is dictated by long-term outcome results. However, current surgical repairs are not strong enough to withstand active grip during rehabilitation and patients needed a prolonged period of protected rehabilitation until tendon healing is completed. The need for a more robust repair to allow a splint-free unprotected use of the hand should be the next step forward in the approach to flexor tendon injuries.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

[Pathophysiology of overuse tendon injury].

Overuse tendon injury is one of the most common injuries in sports. The etiology as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to tendinopathy are of crucial medical importance. At the moment intrinsic and extrinsic factors are assumed as mechanisms of overuse tendon injury. Except for the acute, extrinsic trauma, the chronic overuse tendon injury is a multifactorial process. There are many other factors, such as local hypoxia, less of nutrition, impaired metabolism and local inflammatory that may also contribute to the development of tissue damage. The exact interaction of these factors cannot be explained entirely at the moment. Further studies will be necessary in order to get more information.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed2002

Peroneal tendon injuries.

Peroneal tendon pathology is a common cause of lateral ankle pain. Because of the difficulty of distinguishing peroneal tendon injuries from lateral ligament injuries in the setting of ankle trauma, early diagnosis is often missed. Failure to recognize and adequately treat these injuries can result in significant long-term disability. Focused history and physical examination are critical, as is a thorough understanding of the local anatomy and biomechanics involved. Acute injuries may be successfully treated conservatively; however, chronic injuries have demonstrated unsatisfactory response to conservative measures. When considering surgical management of peroneal tendon injuries, as much information as possible must be gathered through history, clinical exam, and diagnostic studies. The level of injury in correspondence with the myriad of possible etiologic factors dictates the ideal procedure to be performed. Surgery is highly individualized according to the pathology encountered, and to the skill and experience of the surgeon.

Ankle↗
PubMed1981

[The treatment of closed Achilles tendon injuries with plantar tendons (author's transl)].

The number of the covered Achilles tendon injuries are increasing, the mechanism of the injuries is roughly cleared up. The indication for surgery is unambiguous but a number of different operative treatments are known. The author prefers the application of plantar tendons. Examinations were done to establish the frequency of the occurrence of plantar tendons. In order to compare the results an evaluation method was worked out. According to the follow-up examinations significant difference was shown in favour of the group supplied with plantar tendons.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1992

Patellar tendon injuries.

Patellar tendon injury secondary to overuse represents a failure of soft tissue healing that can lead to chronic symptoms. Clinical staging of this process is helpful in the initial management. Diagnostic imaging can help define the character of the injury as well as localized pathology. Initial treatment of clinical stages I, II, and III is conservative.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Early dynamic splinting for extensor tendon injuries.

Extensor tendon injuries are traditionally splinted with no motion for 3 to 4 weeks after repair. This may result in limitation of flexion because of extensor tenodesis at the site of repair. To prevent this, we used a dynamic splinting program opposite to the one that is used for flexor tendon repair, with an outrigger splint holding the fingers in extension and allowing full active flexion. Fifty-two patients who had extensor tendon repairs in the area from the wrist to the middle of the proximal phalanx were treated. Motion was begun 2 to 5 days after repair and was continued for approximately 5 weeks. No tendon ruptures occurred, and all patients recovered full flexion.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Pediatric flexor tendon injuries.

Flexor tendon injuries in children differ from adults in their diagnosis and postoperative rehabilitation principles. The child may be uncooperative, so indirect methods of tendon integrity must be used for diagnosis. Radiographs may be useful for associated fracture or retained foreign bodies. A high index of suspicion necessitates surgical exploration. Although surgical approach and repair techniques are identical to those in adults, postoperative immobilization for 3-4 weeks is used instead of an early motion protocol. Delayed diagnosis is more common in the pediatric population, and recognition and management of postoperative complications can be difficult,because the child may be unable to cooperate or comply with the treatment.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed2006

Stretching for prevention of Achilles tendon injuries: a review of the literature.

Professional and recreational athletes commonly perform pre-exercise stretching to prevent musculoskeletal injuries. Little definitive evidence exists that clearly demonstrates the efficacy of stretching in reducing injury. Achilles tendon injuries are among the most common injuries affecting active individuals in the United States today. Clinicians commonly recommend stretching the Achilles tendon without concrete scientific evidence to support such a claim. Few studies have addressed the effect of stretching in Achilles tendon injuries, and it is unclear if the conclusions made for musculoskeletal injuries can be applied to the Achilles tendon. Biomechanical studies of the Achilles tendon and measurements of the tendon's reflex activity have demonstrated possible mechanisms for the potential benefit of stretching, including load-induced hypertrophy and increased tendon tensile strength. Recent prospective studies have contended that reductions in plantarflexor strength and increases in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion from stretching the Achilles tendon may increase the risk of injury. Studies examining stretching in injury prevention, the biomechanical properties of injuries to the Achilles tendon were compiled and reviewed. Although many theories have been published regarding the potential benefits and limitations of stretching, few studies have been able to definitively demonstrate its utility in injury prevention.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1976

Treatment of tendon injuries in children.

Tendon injuries in the child's hand can be repaired primarily with better results than in the adult; this is true at all levels, including the digital sheath. In less than ideal circumstances, secondary conventional tendon grafting also provides predictable satisfactory results and can also salvage a failed primary repair. In children under the age of six years with digital flexor tendon repairs, the limb must be immobilized above the elbow. In the cooperative child over the age of six years with a primary repair of a lacerated flexor tendon, the dorsal splint with rubber band traction as described by Kleinert is recommended. Preoperative diagnosis of tendon injuries in the young child is difficult. If there is any doubt after observing the child using his hand, the wound must be explored and tendons and nerves identified to ensure their integrity. Even though the results of tendon repair in children are better than in adults, the structures are small, technique must be meticulous, and magnification must be used. Specially trained hand surgeons experienced in primary tendon repair and tendon grafting should perform these procedures, for this elegant structure deserves the finest attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental reconstruction of flexor tendon injuries with a free transplant tendon-tendon sheath unit].

The authors, in their experiments on chickens, imitate human "no man's land" flexor tendon injuries of bad prognosis. For reconstruction of gliding surfaces they transplanted composite flexor tendon grafts containing flexor tendons with their sheath, pulleys, and vincula. Autologous grafts were compared with homologous composite tendon grafts preserved in beta-propiolacton. Summarizing the results of macroscopic and light microscopic examinations they state that the tendon sheath of the autologous composite tendon grafts revitalize in two weeks, and their tissue structure remains practically intact. The composite tendon allografts conserved in beta-propiolacton on the contrary rebuild much more slowly, on the average over three months. Regeneration is accompanied by round-cell infiltration. In the case of the autogenous graft generally smaller, and in the case of homologous composite flexor tendon graft more multitudinous adhesions occurred between flexor tendon and tendon sheath. The authors conclude from the literature and their own results that the reconstruction of flexor tendons with autologous composite flexor tendon grafts is a proper method for the restoration of severe flexor tendon injuries. Before clinical use, homologous composite flexor tendon grafts require more experimental investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Flexor tendon injuries. Part 2. Flexor tendon repair.

The principles of atraumatic flexor tendon repair are reviewed. It is noted that tendon repair of the profundus and superficialis tendons-primary or delayed primary-should be carried out in all zones of flexor tendon interruption. Whenever possible, repair of the flexor tendon sheath also seems appropriate. A supervised program of early motion may prove beneficial, though restoration of function to a digit may be long and tedious, thus requiring a high degree of patient motivation and participation.

Finger Joint↗
PubMed1987

Flexor tendon injuries. Part 3. Free tendon grafts.

Tendon grafting, to restore digital flexion, is the treatment of choice in those cases in which the flexor tendons, divided in Zone 1 or Zone 2 cannot be directly repaired. The indications and techniques for conventional free tendon grafting are presented and discussed. Particular surgical procedures for use in cases with interruption of profundus and superficialis and in cases with an intact flexor digitorum superficialis are described.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Achilles tendon injuries.

The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the human body. Because most Achilles tendon injuries take place in sports and there has been an common upsurge in sporting activities, the number and incidence of the Achilles tendon overuse injuries and complete ruptures have increased in the industrialized countries during the last decades. The most common clinical diagnosis of Achilles overuse injuries is tendinopathy, which is characterized by a combination of pain and swelling in the Achilles tendon accompanied by impaired ability to perform strenuous activities. Most patients with Achilles tendon injury respond favorably to conservative treatment and only those who fail to respond to carefully followed nonoperative treatment should undergo surgery for repair. A complete rupture of the Achilles tendon usually occurs in sports that require jumping, running, and quick turns. Although histopathologic studies have shown that ruptured Achilles tendons include clear degenerative changes before the rupture, many of the Achilles tendon ruptures occur suddenly without any preceding signs or symptoms. Neither conservative nor operative treatment is a treatment of choice for the ruptured Achilles tendon. It is generally accepted that surgery should be performed on ruptured Achilles tendons in young, physically active patients and in those patients for whom the diagnosis or the treatment of the rupture has been delayed, whereas the results of conservative treatment are an acceptable outcome in older patients with sedentary lifestyles. Many important issues still remain unanswered concerning the cause, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of the Achilles tendon disorders. Only when these issues have been solved by well-controlled studies can tailored treatment protocols be created.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1996

Late rupture of a flexor tendon after electrical injury: tendon localization using magnetic resonance imaging. A case report.

Rupture of a flexor tendon in the nonrheumatoid population is rare. Localizing the level of the tendon rupture can be a difficult task. We describe an individual who presented with the sudden inability to flex the index finger of the hand, which had been subjected to a severe electrical injury. Physical exam demonstrated lack of index finger flexion at the distal joint. The patient denied any pain or history of recent trauma. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) successfully located the proximal and distal ends of the ruptured flexor digitorum profundus tendon in the forearm. MRI allows for accurate preoperative assessment of tendon position and degree of retraction, thereby facilitating surgical planning and approach. Accurate localization of tendon pathology preoperatively minimizes unnecessary dissection, shortens the operative procedure, and clarifies operative planning.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Basic biology of tendon injury and healing.

Tendon disorders are commonly seen in clinical practice. Their successful treatment is difficult and patients often experience symptoms for prolonged periods of time. At present the aetiology of tendon disorders remains unclear, with several factors having been implicated. An improved understanding of tendon injury and healing is essential to enable focused treatment strategies to be devised.

Animals↗