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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Prevalence and size of meniscal cysts, ganglionic cysts, synovial cysts of the popliteal space, fluid-filled bursae, and other fluid collections in asymptomatic knees on MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and determine the size of meniscal cysts, ganglionic cysts, synovial cysts of the popliteal space, fluid-filled bursae, and other fluid collections on MR images of asymptomatic knees. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 102 asymptomatic knees were evaluated with regard to the prevalence of meniscal cysts, ganglionic cysts, synovial cysts of the popliteal space, fluid-filled bursae, and other fluid collections. The MR examinations were performed in patients (mean age, 42.8 years; age range, 18-73 years) with clinically suspected meniscal lesions in the contralateral knee. The craniocaudal, anteroposterior, and mediolateral diameters of detectable abnormal fluid collections were measured. RESULTS: Medial meniscal cysts (mean size [craniocaudal x anteroposterior x mediolateral], 9 x 6 x 13 mm) were found in four asymptomatic knees. Neither lateral meniscal cysts nor ganglionic cysts of the cruciate ligaments were identified. Twenty-six synovial cysts of the popliteal space (Baker's cyst)-consisting of 11 gastrocnemius portions (mean size, 19 x 8 x 10 mm) and 15 semimembranosus portions (mean size, 20 x 7 x 9 mm)-were found in 19 knees. Twenty-four (92%) of these cysts had a maximal diameter of 30 mm or less. Fluid-filled bursae were found in 49 knees. The deep infrapatellar bursa was most commonly involved (42 knees; mean size, 6 x 3 x 5 mm). Fluid-filled anserine bursae (mean size, 27 x 12 x 10 mm) were detected in five knees. CONCLUSION: Meniscal cysts may be present in asymptomatic knees, at least on the medial side. Synovial cysts of the popliteal space can be found in approximately one fifth of asymptomatic knees. Their maximal diameter is usually smaller than 30 mm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual case of lumbar synovial cyst.

Synovial cysts are extradural degenerative lesions associated with symptoms of lower back pain and radiculopathy. To our knowledge, all the reported cases of synovial cysts in literature were posterolateral in location (1-4). This case report describes the previously unreported midline location of the synovial cyst in the spinal canal and to increase the level of awareness of diagnosing these lesions in a central location, especially in light of the evaluation of lumbar radiculopathy.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed2004

Trauma as a precipitant of haemorrhage in synovial cysts.

Synovial cysts have been well reported as a cause of sciatica, with a sudden acute exacerbation being attributed to haemorrhage and subsequent enlargement of the cyst. Cyst formation is attributed to facet joint degeneration associated with a defect or rupture of the joint capsule. The mechanisms of haemorrhage have not been well described previously. Two cases of haemorrhagic synovial cysts causing acute exacerbation of sciatica are described. Both cases were directly attributable to manipulation of degenerate spines. The MRI and histopathological findings are discussed and we propose a mechanism whereby excessive stress on a degenerate revascularized synovium leads to haemorrhage within synovial cysts.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed1997

Ganglion cyst and synovial cyst of the temporomandibular joint. Two case reports.

Ganglion cysts and synovial cysts are lesions rarely associated with the temporomandibular joint. Ganglion cysts arise from myxoid degeneration of the connective tissue of the joint capsule, are filled with viscoid fluid or gelatinous material, and have a fibrous lining. Synovial cysts also contain gelatinous fluid and are lined with cuboidal to somewhat flattened cells consistent with a synovial origin. One case of a ganglion cyst and one case of a synovial cyst of the temporomandibular joint are presented, and their differential diagnosis and management are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The benign long-term effect of cholesterol crystal synovial cysts.

Synovial effusions containing cholesterol crystals are uncommon. Most of the few reported cases have been found in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. In vitro studies, as well as an animal model, have suggested that cholesterol crystals could have a role in inflammation of the joints. In this report we present a case of seronegative arthritis, complicated by large carpal synovial cysts which contained numerous cholesterol crystals. The long-term presence of the cysts, without evidence of joint destruction, suggests that cholesterol crystal formation is probably a rare epiphenomenon, rather than a harbinger of inflammation.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Unusual manifestations of proximal tibiofibular joint synovial cysts.

Synovial cysts emanating from the proximal tibiofibular articulation are commonly symptomatic and may progress to compromise peroneal nerve function. They may cause diagnostic confusion when they present as intraosseous masses or as soft tissue masses causing extrinsic bony erosion. Twelve cases treated surgically are reviewed. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies were valuable in localizing the lesions to the knee when no mass was palpable. Of the six cases involving the peroneal nerve, three required loupe or microscopic dissection of the cyst from within the epineurium. Two other cases had bony changes. Magnetic resonance imaging, though not diagnostic, is valuable in planning the dissection.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Minimally invasive surgical treatment of lumbar synovial cysts.

OBJECTIVE: Synovial cysts are a rare cause of lumbar radiculopathy and back pain. Surgical treatment is directed at complete excision of the cyst. We used minimally invasive surgical techniques for a series of patients, to assess the effectiveness of this approach for resection of synovial cysts. METHODS: Seventeen patients (10 female and 7 male patients) with presumed synovial cysts, as indicated on magnetic resonance imaging scans, underwent surgical resection with the 18-mm METRx tubular retractor system (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN). A unilateral approach was used, with either an operating microscope (13 cases) or a magnifying endoscope (4 cases), depending on the preference of the surgeon. Outcomes were reported by using modified MacNab criteria. RESULTS: The average patient age was 64 years (range, 46-82 yr). The L4-L5 level was most commonly affected (82% of cases). Grade 1 spondylolisthesis at the level harboring the synovial cyst was observed for 47% of the patients; all cases of spondylolisthesis involved the L4-L5 level. The mean operative time was 97 minutes, and the average blood loss was 35 ml. Excellent or good results were achieved for 94% of the patients. A dural tear that did not violate the arachnoid membrane occurred during surgery for one patient but did not require further treatment. CONCLUSION: Synovial cysts can be effectively treated with a tubular retractor system in conjunction with an endoscope or microscope. Use of the tubular retractor minimizes soft-tissue trauma, incision length, blood loss, and disruption of ligamentous and bony structures. This may be particularly significant when synovial cysts are associated with spondylolisthesis, minimizing the risk of progressive instability and the need for fusion.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Association of spondylarthropathies with lumbar synovial cysts.

Intraspinal synovial cysts presenting with lower back pain and radiculopathy are well known but rare. They are associated with facet joint arthopathy, generally degenerative in nature. Spinal synovial cysts have not been described in spondyloarthropathies (SpA). We report a case of a 66-year-old man with a chronic undifferentiated SpA who presented with severe weakness of both legs. A centrally located spinal cyst was encountered on MRI and led to excision of a highly inflammatory synovial cyst. This association may not be fortuitous and be related to inflammation of the facet joint in SpA.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Clinical manifestations of synovial cysts.

Although synovial cysts are most commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, they may occur in many other conditions. The clinical manifestations of these cysts are numerous and may result from pressure, dissection or acute rupture. Vascular phenomena occur when popliteal cysts compress vessels, and result in venous stasis with subsequent lower extremity edema or thrombophlebitis. Rarely, popliteal cysts may cause arterial compromise with intermittent claudication. Neurological sequelae include pain, paresthesia, sensory loss, and muscle weakness or atrophy. When synovial cysts occur as mass lesions they may mimic popliteal aneurysms or hematomas, adenopathy, tumors or even inguinal hernias. Cutaneous joint fistulas, septic arthritis or osteomyelitis, and spinal cord and bladder compression are examples of other infrequent complications. Awareness of the heterogeneous manifestations of synovial cysts may enable clinicians to avoid unnecessary diagnostic studies and delay in appropriate management. Arthrography remains the definitive diagnostic procedure of choice, although ultrasound testing may be useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cutaneous metaplastic synovial cyst.

Metaplastic synovial cyst, a recently described entity, is histologically characterized by a cystic cavity lined by metaplastic synovial tissue that is often hyperplastic and protrudes into its lumen as villous structures. Clinically, these lesions resemble suture granuloma and develop at the site of previous surgical trauma. We have studied 4 cases of this unusual entity and have investigated the immunohistochemical profile in an effort to determine the nature and derivation of their lining tissue. One of our cases is unique since the lesion was associated with a basal cell carcinoma. A history of previous surgery was noted in one, and history of trauma in 2 of the 4 cases. Our immunohistochemical observations confirmed a mesenchymal derivation for the "synovial like villous structures" but non-availability of a specific "synovial" marker does not permit us to conclude with certainty the synovial nature of the metaplastic tissue. Cutaneous metaplastic synovial cysts are unique lesions which deserve attention and should be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The appearances of lumbar intraspinal synovial cysts.

Intraspinal synovial cysts most commonly occur in the lower lumbar spine and may cause radicular symptoms. Eight symptomatic patients are described, each of whom had a single synovial cyst with associated facet joint degeneration. Four were at the L4-5 level and two each at L3-4 and L5-S1. Myelography in four patients revealed a posterolateral indentation on the contrast column in each case. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a structure of similar or greater density than the thecal sac in six cases and of gas density in one case. Two of the former cases also contained gaseous elements, three cases had a mildly dense rim and in the eighth case calcification was demonstrated within the cyst. One cyst resolved after facet joint injection with local anaesthetic and steroid.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1984

Giant synovial cysts.

Giant synovial cysts (GSC) are large, well-defined cavities, containing synovial fluid and lined by a synovium-like membrane, which extend for a variable distance outside the joint cavity. We are reporting 15 cases of GSC of various joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common disease process reported in association with GSC. We suggest that trauma may be a more important cause of GSC than has previously been described. Arthrography and ultrasonography are both helpful in diagnosing these large cysts, especially in the knee to aid in differentiating GSC from thrombophlebitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Cutaneous metaplastic synovial cyst.

Metaplastic synovial cyst of the skin is a recently recognized entity characterized by an intradermal nodule that usually occurs at the site of previous surgical trauma. Histologically, the lesion demonstrates a cystic structure with villous-like projections and a lining resembling hyperplastic synovium. We have studied two patients with rheumatoid arthritis, aged 46 and 55 years, who presented with cystic nodules localized on the thumb and great toes, respectively, without any history of previous trauma or surgical procedures performed in the areas. The presence of vimentin and CD 68 positivity of the cells lining the cyst walls supports the similarities between normal and metaplastic synovium. We hypothesize that constant pressure on the great toe, repeated manipulation of the finger, and chronic inflammation around the affected joints may have played roles in the pathogenesis of the lesions in our patients.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2004

Synovial cyst in the cervical region causing severe myelopathy.

The authors describe a case of an 80-year-old man with a gradual weakness of the lower extremities not linked to any known traumatic episode over the 2 weeks before admission. CT scan and MRI of the spine revealed a cystic formation, measuring about 1 cm in diameter, at C7-T1 at the left posterolateral site at the level of the articular facet. During surgery, the mass appeared to be in the ligamentum flavum at the level of the articular facet and was in contact with the dura mater. After the removal of the mass, there was an immediate and significant improvement of the patient's symptoms. Histopathologic examination showed the cyst to be composed of nonspecific degenerative fibrous tissue with mild inflammatory change and confirmed the cyst as a synovial cyst. Synovial cyst in the cervical region is a very rare lesion causing myelopathy. Surgical removal of the cyst and decompression of the spinal cord results in good neurological recovery.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Haemorrhagic lumbar synovial cyst.

Hemorrhagic lumbar synovial cysts are not commonly reported in English literature. Post-resection recurrence of synovial cyst is unusual and therefore recurrence symptoms required repeat MRI or CT scan. We reported a case of hemorrhagic lumbar synovial cyst presented with neurological deficit that recovered initially after surgery but subsequently developed recurrent of symptoms at a higher level due to fibrous tissue.

Back Pain↗
PubMed2005

Metaplastic synovial cyst in male breast.

Metaplastic synovial cyst (synovial metaplasia of the skin) refers to a cyst lined by a membrane resembling hyperplastic synovial villi. Synovial-like metaplasia has been described around prostheses and breast implant capsules and may occur in postsurgical cutaneous scars, unrelated to prostheses or implants. We describe a metaplastic synovial cyst occurring in the left breast of a 23-year-old man 2 years after surgical treatment of gynecomastia. The expanding clinicopathologic scenario of metaplastic synovial cyst, in scar tissue in male breast unrelated to mammary implants, and as a potential complication after surgical treatment of gynecomastia is highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Compression of the iliac vein by a synovial cyst.

While a synovial cyst of the hip is a rare cause of lower limb swelling, a differential diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is needed. A case of lower limb swelling due to compression of the external iliac vein by a synovial cyst is presented with a review of the literature. Sagittal views and three-dimensional images of a CT scan were very useful for the diagnosis. This is the first review in English of vessel compression by a synovial cyst of the hip.

Aged↗