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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Synthesis and spectroscopy studies of copper(II) nitrate of sulfacetamide drug. Crystal structure of [Cu(sulfacetamide)2(NO3)2]. Antibacterial studies.

The structural spectroscopic, and thermal properties of a complex of sulfacetamide (Hsacm) with Cu(II) have been investigated. The complex [Cu(Hsacm)2(NO3)2] crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n. The cell dimensions are a = 7.696(7) A, b = 8.017(7) A, c = 19.230(10), beta = 110.80(1) degree, V = 1109(1) A3, Z = 2, and Dx = 1.84 g/cm3. The structure was refined to R = 0.0776. Cu(Hsacm)2(NO3)2 molecules form a long polymeric chain extended along the b-axis. The copper(II) coordinated geometry is tetragonally distorted octahedral with two amino nitrogens from Hsacm and two oxygens from nitrato anions in the basal plane and two acetamido oxygens from neighbor Hsacm molecules in the apical position. Each sulfacetamide, acting as a bidentate ligand, links two Cu(II) ions as a bridge through the Namino and the Oacetamido atoms. The complex proved to possess higher bacteriostatic activity than the corresponding ligand.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

[The effective antibacterial spectrum of sulfacetamide].

Swabs of the anterior eye segment of 180 eyes (145 patients) taken in the time period between August 1, 1989 until August 30, 1989 were sent to an external, independent microbiological institute in order to verify in-vitro antibacterial properties of marketed sulfacetamide containing drugs. MIC test was performed with isolated pathogenic bacterial strains without knowledge of the underlying diagnosis. It was shown that sulfacetamide is able to inhibit the growth of all isolated strains. Depending on the type of bacteria concentrations of 0.006 up to 6.4% sodium sulfacetamide proved to be effective. Simultaneously, all patients were treated with sulfacetamide containing ointment and/or eye drops 4 times daily for maximum of 14 days. With swabs taken at intervals of 7 and 14 days no bacterial growth was detected.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1984

Effect of 30% sodium sulfacetamide on corneal sensitivity.

This study compares the effect of 10 and 30% sodium sulfacetamide on corneal sensitivity. The corneal sensitivity was measured on 11 subjects with a Cochet -Bonnet aesthesiometer without any drug, 10 and 30% sodium sulfacetamide . The results obtained for the mean corneal sensitivities (mean +/- standard error) for the control, 10 and 30% sodium sulfacetamide were 1.07 +/- 0.025, 1.09 +/- 0.023, and 1.36 +/- 0.10 gm/mm2, respectively. We found that there was no statistical difference between the control value and 10% sodium sulfacetamide , but the 30% produced a significant decrease in corneal sensitivity when compared to the control and 10% concentration.

Cornea↗
PubMed1983

The effect of antioxidants on the photolysis of aqueous sulfacetamide and sulfanilamide solutions.

Aqueous sulfacetamide and sulfanilamide solutions were photolyzed at pH 1-13 and in the presence of various antioxidants and a chelating agent (pH 7.0). The rate constants for the photodegradation of sulfacetamide and sulfanilamide were determined. Sodium metabisulfite and thiourea were the best antioxidants for the photostabilization of sulfacetamide and sulfanilamide solutions respectively. Sodium edetate is also an effective stabilizer in sulfacetamide solutions. The efficiency of the antioxidants on the basis of product distribution and the kinetic results is discussed.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1983

Effects of preservatives, steroids, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate on the antimicrobial activity of sulfacetamide.

The effect of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), steroids, and preservatives on the antimicrobial activity of 10% sodium sulfacetamide solutions was evaluated in this study by kill rate and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using five representative microorganisms. The results indicate that thimerosal-preserved sulfacetamide solutions containing EDTA are more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans than similar paraben-preserved solutions. Furthermore, the addition of EDTA improves the kill rate, but not the MIC, for the Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Candida species regardless of the preservative. The combination of a steroid with sulfacetamide does not affect its antimicrobial activity.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1985

Influence of drug vehicle on ocular contact time of sulfacetamide sodium.

Sulfacetamide sodium drops and ointments were applied to the conjunctiva of patients and volunteers. Tear samples were taken and analyzed for sulfacetamide sodium content. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drug in para-aminobenzoic acid-free media were determined to be between 20 and 50 micrograms/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the effective concentrations of the sulfa were taken as 50 micrograms/mL. The concentration of sulfacetamide sodium in tears fell to the 50 micrograms/mL level in 30 minutes, two hours, and five and a half hours after the single application of 10 microL of 15% and 30% drops and 25 microL of all three ointments, respectively. The ocular contact time of the sulfa was increased by increasing the concentration of drug. The makeup of the three ointments differed greatly, yet the ocular contact time was similar.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1985

Topical sulfacetamide vs oral erythromycin for neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis.

Conjunctival and nasopharyngeal cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained from infants 30 days of age or younger with purulent conjunctivitis. Conjunctival specimens were also tested for other bacterial pathogens and for viruses. Most of the infants studied were black and came from a low-income, urban population. By random assignment infants received either topical treatment with 10% sulfacetamide sodium ophthalmic solution or systemic treatment with oral erythromycin estolate (50 mg/kg/day). Treatment was continued for 14 days if C trachomatis was isolated from the conjunctivae. Treatment was considered to be effective if conjunctivitis resolved and if follow-up chlamydial cultures of the conjunctivae and nasopharynx were negative at completion of therapy and two to four weeks later. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in the absence of other pathogens from the eyes of 37 (73%) of 51 infants with conjunctivitis. Other bacterial pathogens were isolated from four infants (8%) and viruses from none. Chlamydial infection was eradicated from 14 (93%) of 15 infants treated orally. In contrast, persistent conjunctival infection was detected in eight infants (57%) and nasopharyngeal colonization in three (21%) of 14 infants after topical treatment. It was concluded that C trachomatis is the most frequent cause of neonatal conjunctivitis in the low-income, urban population studied; that erythromycin estolate administered orally for 14 days eradicates chlamydial conjunctival and nasopharyngeal infection; and that topical sulfacetamide therapy may result in persistent conjunctival infection and nasopharyngeal colonization.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Assay of sulfacetamide sodium ophthalmic solutions by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method, using an absorption column and sulfabenzamide as the internal standard, is proposed for the determination of sulfacetamide sodium and its principal hydrolysis product, sulfanilamide, in eye drops. It affords an average recovery of 100.9% of added sodium sulfacetamide with a relative standard deviation of 1.9%.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1985

Carbamylation of proteins and sulfacetamide free fraction in serum in experimentally-induced high blood urea states.

The aims of this study were to investigate the time course of carbamylation of serum proteins in animals with experimental renal failure (RF) or with high blood urea levels without RF and finally, to document the effect of these states on the binding of sulfacetamide. RF (mean serum creatinine of 24.5 mg/dL and BUN 190 mg/dL) was originated by administrating i.v. uranyl nitrate. Uremia (mean BUN of 94 mg/dL and serum creatinine of 1.3 mg/dL) was induced by giving multiple doses of urea by gavage. RF was associated with a marked increase in the carbamylation of serum proteins and in the free fraction of sulfacetamide (Sff), but the degree of carbamylation did not correlate with Sff. Uremia without RF increased the carbamylation of serum proteins and in this case, the degree of carbamylation correlated with Sff. It is concluded that in vivo, carbamylation of serum proteins modifies, in a limited manner, drug binding to serum protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Solid-solid reaction between sulfacetamide and phthalic anhydride.

Thermal and kinetic data for the solid-state addition reaction of sulfacetamide and phthalic anhydride are presented. A compaction method was used so that the influence of some pharmaceutical parameters (compressional pressure, particle size, concentration, and temperature) on the reaction kinetics could be observed.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Erythema multiforme after use of topical sulfacetamide.

An 8-year-old boy developed erythema multiforme major after topical administration of sodium sulfacetamide for conjunctivitis. He had received systemic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole four months previously without evidence of drug allergy. There was no history of recent exposure to other drugs or evidence of herpes simplex or Mycoplasma infection. After 12 days of treatment with erythromycin ointment, 1% prednisolone eyedrops, systemic prednisone, and intravenous nafcillin, the patient's condition improved dramatically. A slit-lamp examination showed only superficial punctate keratitis. Two months later his visual acuity had improved from 20/200 bilaterally to R.E.: 20/40 and L.E.: 20/30.

Child↗
PubMed1981

A double-blind comparative study of trimethoprim-polymyxin B versus trimethoprim-sulfacetamide-polymyxin B otic solutions in the treatment of otorrhea.

This was a double-blind randomized study to compare the safety and efficacy of trimethoprim-polymyxin B (TP) and trimethoprim-sulfacetamide-polymyxin B (TSP) drops in the treatment of otorrhea. The 68 cases treated suffered from external otitis, recurrent otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation, or infected mastoid cavities and post-operative tympanoplasties. The TP ototopical solution was successful in 60.6 per cent of cases compared to 88.6 per cent of cases with TSP. These rates were statistically different using the Chi Square with Yates' correction method. There were no signs of ototoxicity, fungal infection overgrowth or local sensitivity to either of the solutions. The study has shown that both drugs are equally safe and that TSP is significantly more effective in the treatment of otorrhea.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of aqueous humor flow following scleral injection of sulfacetamide as marker: effect of methazolamide, timolol, and pilocarpine.

A simple technique for rapid determination of the flow of aqueous humor (AH) in rabbits is described. Data from control eyes and eyes treated with known inhibitors of aqueous humor production are presented as evidence of the suitability of the technique for comparing the influence of other drugs on aqueous flow. The flow measurement depends on marker dilution by fluid turnover during the first 30 min after 5 microliters marker solution is delivered to the anterior chamber. This is done by passing a needle through the sclera and behind the iris. The advantage of this route is that it permits withdrawal of the needle after delivery without leakage of marker or aqueous humor. Sulfacetamide (SAC), a sulfonamide with low lipid solubility and pKa 5.4, is the marker of flow used here. Control flow data from SAC, fluorescein (FL), reactive blue-2, and 14C-inulin as markers were compared. The control flow measured with SAC in two independent groups is 3.91 and 3.40 microliters/min or 3.69 +/- 0.37 S.E. overall. The data show that inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in ciliary processes by systemic methazolamide reduces flow 38%. Topical timolol reduces flow 35%. Pilocarpine, which is known to decrease IOP largely by increasing outflow facility, did not significantly reduce flow. This system for measuring AH flow allows rapid accumulation of data for topical, intracameral or systemic treatments.

Animals↗