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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Tissue distribution of ampicillin: assays in muscle tissue and subcutaneous tissue cage fluid from normal and nephrectomized rabbits.

Tissue distribution of ampicillin following a single intravenous injection was studied in normal and functionally nephrectomized rabbits. Serum concentrations of ampicillin were compared with those obtained in subcutaneous tissue cage fluid, muscle (measured by a direct agar diffusion method) and muscle tissue fluid (obtained from implanted cotton threads). Considerable differences were found. Penetration of ampicillin into rabbit muscle was rapid and the elimination half-life was similar to that of serum. Concentrations in tissue cage fluid were low as compared with muscle tissue fluid levels, and penetration and elimination was slower. Results from experiments in functionally nephrectomized rabbits showed that a steady state between serum and muscle seemed to be attained after 15-30 min. These results were used to estimate the degree of protein binding of ampicillin in muscle tissue fluid.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1989

Sonographic detection and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable recurrent or metastatic melanoma in subcutaneous tissues.

Subcutaneous or lymph node metastases from melanoma may not be palpable because of their small size, their distance from the skin surface, or their location in an area of fibrosis due to previous surgery or irradiation. High-resolution sonography has been used to detect clinically occult foci of recurrent or metastatic melanoma, whereas real-time, ultrasound-guided, fine-needle aspiration biopsy provided cytologic confirmation. Following excision of cutaneous melanoma, sonographic follow-up of the areas of the surgical scar and lymphatic drainage is recommended whenever residual disease is suspected or when clinical evaluation is limited by postoperative or postradiation changes. Any nonpalpable hypoechoic mass detected in those areas should have a biopsy under real-time sonographic guidance.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of penicillin-G and spiramycin to tissue cages and subcutaneous tissue fluid in calves.

Antibacterial drug concentrations in serum, tissue cage fluid (TCF) and subcutaneous tissue fluid (SF), sampled either by filter paper discs or by microcapillaries, were measured after single intramuscular injections of potassium penicillin-G (KPG), procaine penicillin-G (PPG) and spiramycin adipate in calves. Concentration-time curves had essentially similar profiles in serum and SF, but peak levels were lower and occurred later in SF. From approximately four hours after drug administration, penicillin-G levels in SF were similar to levels in serum after KPG as well as after PPG administration. Elimination half-life (t1/2) of penicillin-G in serum was similar to t1/2 in SF after PPG administration but was longer in SF than in serum after KPG administration. Spiramycin concentrations were higher in SF than in serum and the t1/2 of spiramycin in SF was longer than in serum. For all three drugs, the t1/2 was longer in TCF than in serum and concentration-time curves in TCF were characterised by a slow rise and decline. The two methods of sampling SF, by filter paper discs and by microcapillaries, gave similar but not identical results. Penetration into SF and TCF, measured as the total area under curve ratio, was better for spiramycin than for penicillin-G, but the latter drug had a higher penetration ratio to TCF in the first 12 hours.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Three-dimensional tissue deformation in subcutaneous tissues overlying bony prominences may help to explain external load transfer to the interstitium.

Anesthetized, carefully positioned, female, weanling, white-haired pigs were used to test the hypothesis that (1) interface pressure, the pressure between the skin and an external load, can be used to predict the interstitial fluid pressure over the wings of ilia and the last dorsal spinous process and (2) three-dimensional tissue deformation of the interstitium under the load could partially explain how the external load is transferred at that site. When a 4 or 8 kg load was distributed over the hips of the pigs, the interface pressures over the ilia were approximately 145 and 207 cm H2O, respectively. Approximately 28% of this pressure was transferred to the tissue, resulting in an increase in interstitial fluid pressure of approximately 39 cm H2O for the 4 kg load and 60 cm H2O for the 8 kg load. However, over the spinous process, about 42-43% of the load was transferred to the interstitium. Subcutaneous tissue marker movement occurred along the gamma and theta spherical coordinate but no significant tissue marker movement along the phi coordinate. The latter indicates no significant twisting of the tissue while the former demonstrates three-dimensional shearing. There were also indications of tissue creep since the markers continued to move with constant loading.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Marginal zone lymphoma (low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type) of skin and subcutaneous tissue: a study of 15 patients.

Extranodal low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, salivary gland, thyroid, orbit, lung, and breast. We report 15 patients with MALT-type lymphomas involving skin and subcutaneous tissue. All patients had tumors with histologic features of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of MALT type, including marginal zone cells (15 of 15 cases), plasmacytic differentiation (10 of 15 cases), Dutcher bodies (three of 15 cases), and reactive germinal centers (10 of 15 cases). All expressed pan B-cell antigens and monotypic immunoglobulin. Seven patients (five women, two men) aged 29 to 86 years (median, 53 years) had primary MALT-type lymphoma of skin (6) or subcutaneous tissue (1). One patient had persistent disease, and four patients had relapses involving skin, subcutaneous tissue, breast, orbit, and lymph node. At last follow-up (11-121 months; median, 36 months), one patient was alive with disease, and six patients had no evidence of disease. Three patients (two women, one man) aged 36 to 67 years (median, 57 years) had concurrent MALT-type lymphoma involving both subcutaneous tissue and extracutaneous sites at primary diagnosis, including lung, breast, orbit, lymph node, and bone marrow. One patient responded to treatment but relapsed with lymphoma of the skin and breast. The other two patients had persistent disease despite treatment. One patient died of disease at 25 months, and, at last follow-up (7 and 46 months), two patients were alive with disease. Five patients (four women and one man) aged 29 to 72 years (median, 63 years) had secondary skin or subcutaneous involvement by MALT-type lymphoma with primary tumors of ocular adnexa (3) or parotid gland (2). All five patients had relapses, which involved skin or subcutaneous tissue, parotid gland, lacrimal gland, breast, and lymph node. At last follow-up (61-137 months), two patients were alive with disease and three were alive with no evidence of disease. Low-grade B-cell lymphomas of MALT type may arise in or secondarily involve the skin and subcutaneous tissue and have a tendency to affect middle-aged to older women. These tumors are characterized by multiple extranodal relapses and are associated with long patient survival. Patients with primary MALT-type lymphoma of skin or subcutaneous tissue without extracutaneous involvement at diagnosis were more likely to experience prolonged disease-free survival than patients with extracutaneous spread at presentation (p < 0.03).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Quantitative comparison of xenotransplantation of a human soft tissue sarcoma into the subcutaneous tissue of normal, postincision, and postincision plus indomethacin-treated nude mice.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that (1) surgical wounding can enhance the xenotransplantability of a human soft tissue sarcoma (HSTS26T) into subcutaneous (s.c.) tissue of nude mice, and (2) Indomethacin may reduce the xenotransplantability of this human tumor in the surgical wounding animal model by suppressing angiogenesis. The experimental method was to employ the quantitative transplantation assays (TD50, the number of tumor cells that, on average, would be expected to induce a tumor in 50% of the recipients). After an incisional wound (1.0-1.2 cm long) was made on the right leg of each experimental mouse, tumor cells were inoculated into the surgical wound, or into the contralateral leg at 24 and 72 hr postincision, and in another group tumor cells were inoculated into the wound at 72 hr postincision, plus daily s.c. injection of indomethacin, 2 mg/kg body weight for 8 consecutive days in a separate experiment. Nonincisional mice received the same inoculation as the control groups. The TD50s of surgically wounded groups were 3.5-10.7 times lower than that of the control groups. Significantly lower TD50 values were found in groups of cells inoculated into the surgical wound at 72 hr postincision (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and into the contralateral leg at 24 hr postincision (P = 0.05). No significant difference was found between the TD50 values in mice that received cells inoculated at 72 hr postincision plus indomethacin treatment, and those with no wound controls. Our conclusion is that the surgical wound can enhance the xenotransplantability of HSTS26T in nude mice. Indomethacin can decrease this enhancing effect level similar to that in no-wound controls and may prevent tumor recurrence in a surgical wound.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A model for the distribution and clearance of inert substances in subcutaneous tissue.

The subcutaneous space has received attention in recent years as a route for the continuous administration of drugs and implantation of drug delivery systems. Yet little work has been devoted to an examination of the mass transport (distribution) of drugs in the subcutaneous space and the factors that influence their rate of clearance. A mathematical model is developed to describe the spreading and resorption of substances infused into the subcutaneous space. It simulates radial diffusion and flow in the direction of spreading as well as lateral convection into the systemic circulation. An analytic solution is obtained for the distribution of the substance as a function of time and position in the subcutaneous space. Two independent parameters, v (Péclét no.) and H (generalized Biot no.), are found to control the transport. Examples are presented to illustrate the effects of these parameters on the distribution of substances in the subcutaneous space.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Blood supply of the subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb and its importance in the subcutaneous flap.

Vascularization of the subcutaneous tissue of the upper extremity is described. Injection of coloured latex or India ink and gelatine solution showed the principal sources of the blood supply. Microdissection and transclarification of Spalteholz allowed for the study of the direct and indirect arterial branches which form the principal network of the subcutaneous tissue. The findings are of practical importance since the subcutaneous tissue can be used as a separate flap for covering soft tissue defects of the forearm and hand.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Superficial wound disruption after cesarean delivery: effect of the depth and closure of subcutaneous tissue.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the depth of subcutaneous tissue at the operative site and the closure of subcutaneous tissue on abdominal wound disruption after cesarean delivery. METHODS: 164 women divided into two groups: 70 with subcutaneous tissue thickness of at least 2 cm and 94 with subcutaneous tissue thickness more than 2 cm. These groups were randomized to closure of the subcutaneous fat tissue or no closure with cesarean delivery. RESULTS: In the 68 women with subcutaneous tissue thickness of at least 2 cm who completed the study, there was no difference between closure and no closure subgroups in terms of incidence of wound disruption. In 91 women with subcutaneous tissue thickness more than 2 cm who completed the study, the incidence of wound disruption was significantly higher in the no closure subgroup. In the no closure subgroup of 91 women with subcutaneous fat thickness more than 2 cm, the incidence of wound disruption was significantly higher than that of the 68 women with subcutaneous tissue thickness at least 2 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous tissue approximation with absorbable suture at closure of the abdominal incision during cesarean delivery appears to reduce the rate of postoperative wound disruption in patients with more than 2 cm of subcutaneous tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Gentamicin concentrations in human subcutaneous tissue.

Wound infections frequently originate from the subcutaneous tissue. The effect of gentamicin in subcutaneous tissue has, however, normally been evaluated from concentrations in blood or wound fluid. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of gentamicin in human subcutaneous adipose tissue by a microdialysis technique. Seven healthy young volunteers each had four microdialysis probes placed in the fat (subcutaneous) layer of the abdominal skin. After the administration of a 240-mg gentamicin intravenous bolus, consecutive measurements of the drug concentrations in serum and subcutaneous interstitial fluid were obtained simultaneously for 6 h. The tissue gentamicin concentration peaked after 10 to 30 min. The peak concentration in the tissue was 6.7 +/- 2.0 mg.liter-1 (standard deviation), equivalent to 39.1% of the peak concentration in serum. The area under the concentration-versus-time curve for the first 6 h in the tissue was 1,281 +/- 390.0) mg.min liter-1, equivalent to 59.7% of the area under the concentration-versus-time curve in serum. It is concluded that the microdialysis technique can be used to make dynamic and quantitative measurements of the gentamicin concentration in human subcutaneous tissue. In this adipose tissue, the peak concentrations of gentamicin were approximately seven times the MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 33 times the MIC for Staphylococcus aureus after the administration of an intravenous bolus of 240 mg, indicating the presence of sufficient concentrations in the adipose tissue to be effective against common bacteria.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Regional distribution and behavior of the subcutaneous tissue concerning selection and indication for liposuction.

The distribution of the fat tissue in the subcutaneous layer is described. Since it has specific characteristics in each region of the human body, careful evaluation of the distribution before selecting patients for surgery is necessary. The subcutaneous tissue after an operation frequently demonstrates a thick and hard fibrosis which is evidence that liposuction should be performed in the lamellar layers. This type of fibrotic tissue in the subcutaneous areola layer often brings on irregularities and ungraceful waves on the skin surface.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

Prediction of fetal macrosomia using sonographically measured abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness.

PURPOSE: We assessed the usefulness of sonographic measurement of abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness in predicting fetal macrosomia (weight > 4,000 g). METHODS: Abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness was measured sonographically in 133 term fetuses. All studied fetuses were delivered within 72 hours after the measurements were taken. RESULTS: One hundred thirteen fetuses were normal size, and 20 were macrosomic. The fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness ranged between 3 and 18 mm in all fetuses, with a mean measurement of 8.4 +/- 2.7 mm (standard deviation). The mean tissue thickness differed significantly between normal and macrosomic fetuses (7.0 mm versus 12.4 mm, respectively; p < 0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation between the abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness and the birth weight (r = 0.67, p < 0.0001). The negative predictive value for a range of cut-off points between 8 and 13 mm varied between 84.3% and 100% (for prevalence rates of macrosomia of 5-25%). However, the positive predictive value was less than 50% for cut-off values below 11 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic measurement of the subcutaneous tissue thickness of the fetal abdomen is useful for ruling out macrosomia.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inoculation of Lacazia loboi into the subcutaneous tissue of the hamster cheek pouch.

The subcutaneous tissue of the hamster cheek pouch, a site of immunologic privilege, has been used to investigate the potential infectivity of different types of parasites. It has been demonstrated that the implantation of fragments of lesions induced by the fungus Lacazia loboi, the etiologic agent of Jorge Lobo's disease, into the subcutaneous tissue of the hamster cheek pouch resulted in parasite multiplication and dissemination to satellite lymph nodes16. Here we describe the evolution of lesions induced by the inoculation of the isolated fungus into this immunologically privileged site. The morphology of the inflammatory response and fungal viability and proliferation were evaluated. Inoculation of the fungus into the cheek pouch induced histiocytic granulomas with rare lymphocytes. Although fungal cells were detected for a period of up to 180 days in these lesions, the fungi lost viability after the first day of inoculation. In contrast, when the parasite was inoculated into the footpad, non-organized histiocytic lesions were observed. Langhan's giant cells, lymphocytes and fungal particles were observed in these lesions. Fungal viability was observed up to 60 days after inoculation and non-viable parasites were present in the persistent lesions up to 180 days post-inoculation. These data indicate that the subcutaneous tissue of the hamster cheek pouch is not a suitable site for the proliferation of Lacazia loboi when the fungus isolated from human tissues is tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dermatofibroma extending into the subcutaneous tissue. Differential diagnosis from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

When dermatofibromas are composed predominantly of fibroblasts and extend into the subcutaneous tissue, it may be difficult to distinguish them from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Because the patterns of extension of dermatofibroma have not been well characterized, we studied 185 cases of the fibrous variant of dermatofibroma with extension into the subcutaneous tissue and 40 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Dermatofibromas had two main patterns of extension into subcutaneous tissue. One pattern, seen in 133 of 185 cases (72%), consisted of irregular extension into the subcutaneous tissue in a vertical or radial fashion, predominantly along the septa, which appeared wedge-shaped. The other pattern, seen in 52 of 185 cases (28%), showed a smooth and well-demarcated deep margin that bulged into the subcutaneous tissue. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans also had two main patterns of extension into the subcutaneous tissue. In one pattern, seen in 12 of 40 cases (30%), slender spindle-shaped cells extended along septa and between fat cells in a classic honeycomb or lacelike pattern. The other pattern observed in 24 of 40 cases (60%) exhibited a distinct multilayered pattern in which the bundles of slender spindle-shaped cells showed a predominantly parallel orientation to the skin surface. In four cases (10%), a mixture of both patterns was present. We conclude that the patterns of extension of dermatofibroma into the subcutaneous tissue are different from the patterns of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

Wound infection after cesarean: effect of subcutaneous tissue thickness.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of the thickness of subcutaneous tissue at the surgery site on abdominal wound infection after cesarean delivery. METHODS: We measured the maximum vertical depths of subcutaneous incisions of women who had cesarean deliveries. The surgical technique for closure was standardized and drains were not used. Abdominal wound infection was defined by standard criteria and limited to the first 6 postoperative weeks. Additional demographic, intrapartum, and perioperative data previously associated with wound infection also were collected. Data were analyzed by Student t test, chi(2) test, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Wound infection occurred in 11 of 140 women (7.8%) who delivered by cesarean. Risk factors identified as significantly associated with wound infection by univariate analysis were thickness of subcutaneous tissue, maternal weight, and body mass index. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed subcutaneous tissue thickness as the only significant risk factor for wound infection, with a relative risk of 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.3, 5.9). There were no significant differences between women who developed wound infections and those without infections in terms of selected demographics, duration of ruptured membranes, number of vaginal examinations, chorioamnionitis, type of skin incision, or duration of surgery. CONCLUSION: Thickness of subcutaneous tissue appears to be the only significant risk factor associated with abdominal wound infection after cesarean delivery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Wound infection after abdominal hysterectomy: effect of the depth of subcutaneous tissue.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the effect of the depth of the subcutaneous tissue at the operative site on abdominal wound infection after hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was performed of women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy and not receiving antibiotic prophylaxis who underwent maximum vertical measurement of their subcutaneous incisions before the abdominal cavity was surgically entered. Additional demographic and perioperative data previously associated with wound infection were collected and analyzed. Surgical technique was standardized among the three attending surgeons involved. RESULTS: Wound infection occurred in 17 of 150 (11.3%) women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Univariate analysis identified the following risk factors as being significantly associated with wound infection: depth of subcutaneous tissue (p = 0.0004), preoperative serum albumin (0.0015), weight (p = 0.0029), and body mass index (p = 0.0032). Logistic regression analysis confirmed the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue as the only significant risk factor for wound infection (p = 0.04) (odds ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.86). No patients with a maximum depth of subcutaneous tissue < 3 cm had a wound infection. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the depth of subcutaneous tissue is the most significant risk factor associated with abdominal wound infection after hysterectomy.

Abdomen↗