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Results for “Stroke Volume”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Radiographic heart volume, stroke volume and exercise cardiac frequency: relationship to body composition and other factors in healthy adult males.

Amongst 288 healthy male workers in heavy industry the radiographic heart volume was related to the fat-free mass and the percentage body fat which between them explained 27% of the variance. Exercise was performed on a treadmill using a belt speed of 80 m.min-1 (3 mph) and an incline which was increased progressively to 14% when the oxygen uptake was on average 61% of the maximum for these subjects. The exercise cardiac output was related to the uptake of oxygen, the fat-free mass and the ambient temperature; these factors accounted for 52% of the variance. The exercise stroke volume was related to the heart volume, the fat-free mass, the thigh muscle width, the ambient temperature, the Harvard Pack Index and other measurements which between them accounted for 42% of the variance. The exercise cardiac frequency was correlated negatively with the heart volume, the fat-free mass, the age and the Harvard Pack Index. The variates between them described 41% of the variance. The findings provide reference values for heart volume, stroke and exercise cardiac frequency in similar subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Enhanced cardiac thermal dilution analysis for cardiac output, volumes, stroke volumes, and regurgitation rates--sensitivity analysis using digital simulation.

Cardiac output is measured by placing a double lumen catheter with a thermistor on the tip through the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery, injecting cold saline into the right atrium, and integrating the resulting pulmonary artery temperature profile. If a similar procedure is performed with thermistors located in the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery, the resulting temperature curves are determined by the known or easily measured quantities: injectate temperature, injectate volume, heart rate, systolic time interval, body temperature, and time in the cardiac cycle at which injection begins and the unknown quantities: right atrial, right ventricular, pulmonary artery mean and stroke volumes, inflow and outflow valve regurgitation rates, and cardiac output. A digital computer program using a lumped parameter model has been developed to use these quantities to produce thermal dilution curves and optimize the fit of the model curves to the temperature curves from the thermal dilution measurement to determine the unknown quantities. The program is used to investigate the effects of measuring system time constant, heat transfer, and noise on the accuracy of these measurements. The results indicate that the method is practical.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1998

Contribution of long axis motion of left ventricular outflow to calculation of left ventricular stroke volume.

Stroke volume can be calculated by using noninvasive Doppler techniques. The products of pulsed Doppler stroke distance of left ventricular outflow and left ventricular outflow area can often be used to calculate stroke volume. However, left ventricular outflow also moves longitudinally toward the apex of the ventricle during systole, so that zero velocity flow cannot be detected by the usual pulsed Doppler studies. We evaluated the contribution of these zero velocity flow to the noninvasive estimation of left ventricular stroke volume in 20 patients with left ventricular disease and in 20 age matched healthy controls. Left ventricular stroke distance was calculated by summing the Doppler stroke distance and the outflow long axis motion. The percentage of zero velocity flow for total stroke volume was calculated in each group. Cardiac output was also measured by thermo-dilution technique. The percentage of zero velocity flow for total noninvasive stroke volume in patients with left ventricular disease was 2.5 +/- 1.1 ml (4.0 +/- 1.5%), significantly lower than in normal subjects, 3.6 +/- 1.0 ml (5.5 +/- 1.5%) (p < 0.05). These long axis motions are significantly reduced, especially in left ventricular disease. Amplitudes of the left ventricular outflow long axis motion were correlated with Doppler stroke distance in all (r = 0.54, p < 0.01). In patients with myocardial infarction, stroke volume by thermo-dilution methods and calculated stroke volume showed good correlation both only by Doppler stroke distance (y = 1.044x + 0.547, r = 0.968) and by Doppler and long axis motion (y = 0.989x + 0.521, r = 0.974). Compared with stroke volume measured by thermodilution method, stroke volume calculated only by Doppler stroke distance was underestimated. We thus demonstrated the influence of zero velocity flow on left ventricular outflow both in patients with left ventricular disease and in normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Echocardiographic formula for computation of left ventricular volume and stroke volume. Comparison with cardiac catheterization and the Teichholz formula.

An elementary computational formula for estimating cardiac volume and stroke volume from either M-mode or bi-dimensional echographic data is developed from an analysis of retrospective catheterization, angiographic and echographic data. The proposed equation has the form, V = 0.01 D12/5, where V is the cardiac volume in ml, 0.01 is a unit conversion constant and D is the ventricular dimension in mm. The new model assumes the validity of the Teichholz correction factor to the volume of an ellipsoid of revolution as an approximation of left ventricular cardiac volume. Application of this model to retrospective echographic data reveals that the new formula enjoys an identical domain of validity as the Teichholz formula, deviating from this model by less than 1% over a range of cardiac volumes from 20 to 180 ml. Comparison of this cardiac volume formula with a series of 37 echographic and catheterization measurements of stroke volume yields a correlation of r = 0.95 with a standard error of S.E. = 14.3 ml in comparison with the Fick principle method for cardiac stroke volume. The results of this study suggest that the present expression offers a computational simplification of the Teichholz formula, facilitating modifications for other configurations while retaining this expressions favorable correlation with invasive measurements of cardiac volume.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1984

The ratio of cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume as an index of cardiac function in horses.

A method was developed for determining the ratio of cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume, in horses. The radioisotope 99 Tc (technetium 99m pertechnetate) was injected into the jugular vein as a bolus, which was then detected in the right and left ventricles consecutively by a scanning device consisting of a Na I crystal, a collimator, an amplifier and a discriminator. The radiocardiogram (RCG) and the ECG were recorded simultaneously by a two-channel writing device. The ratio of cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume (cardiopulmonary flow index = CPFI) was then determined from the RCG and ECG tracings. Five categories of horses were examined, viz. Thoroughbreds in training, showjumpers in training, horses not in training, horses with cardiovascular disease and horses with chronic lung disease. The mean CPFI of the above categories were respectively 7.0 +/- 0.39, 7.3 +/- 0.45, 6.7 +/- 0.61, 9.8 +/- 1.30 and 6.2 +/- 0.47. The mean CPFI of the subjects with heart disease was significantly greater than the mean values of the other four categories (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that the CPFI was a reproducible physiological parameter in horses and that the value was significantly increased in our series of subjects with heart disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ejecting volume, filling volume and stroke volume gains: new indexes of inotropism and lusitropism.

We propose new indexes to evaluate the effects of ventricular inotropism and lusitropism on stroke volume. The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) or its slope (Emax) has been employed to assess ventricular inotropism. The end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR) or compliance has been used to express ventricular diastolic properties or lusitropism. However, their net effect on stroke volume under a given set of preload and afterload pressures has not quantitatively been evaluated. Ejecting volume gain (Ge) was proposed to quantify the inotropic effect on stroke volume by the change in end-systolic volume between the two ESPVR curves obtained before and during an inotropic intervention at a specified ejecting pressure. Ge is a function of afterload pressure. Filling volume gain (Gf) was proposed to quantify the lusitropic effect on stroke volume by the change in end-diastolic volume between the two EDPVR curves before and during a lusitropic intervention at a specified filling pressure. Gf is a function of preload pressure. The net effect of these inotropic and lusitropic effects on stroke volume at these specified preload and afterload pressures can be expressed by the sum of Ge and Gf. We call this sum stroke volume gain (Gsv). Gsv is a function of preload and afterload pressures. Using representative examples, we demonstrate that these new indexes are conceptually useful to quantitatively understand changes in the pumping ability of the heart under simultaneous inotropic and lusitropic effects as a function of ejecting and filling pressures.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular volume and stroke volume of endurance-trained athletes and untrained subjects.

The left ventricular volume (EDV), the left ventricular total volume (TDV), and the stroke volume (SV) of 40 male untrained subjects and 68 endurance athletes were determined using one-dimensional echocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, and a combined method. The accuracy of the volume and stroke volume measurements was checked by comparing them to ergometrically determined maximum oxygen pulse (max O2-P) and to radiographic heart volume (HV). There was clear improvement in the EDV, TDV, and SV measurements when using two-dimensional echocardiography and the combined method in comparison to one-dimensional echocardiography. The best correlation to the max-O2-P was reached by TDV2 (combined method, r = 0.8738). This method includes the myocardium of the left ventricle similar to heart volume measurements. The relationship is as close as between HV and max O2-P (r = 0.8665). The method suggested here is sufficiently accurate to be used in performance diagnosis to determine the size of the left ventricular volume and to classify pathological size changes or those due to training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of stroke volume (SV) and stroke volume respiratory variation (SVV) measured by the axillary artery pulse-contour method and by aortic Doppler echocardiography in patients undergoing aortic surgery.

BACKGROUND: The goal of the study was to compare stroke volume (SV) and respiratory stroke volume variation (SVV) measured by pulse-contour analysis and aortic Doppler. METHODS: These were measured by pulse-contour analysis and thermodilution (PiCCO) and by aortic pulsed wave Doppler with transoesophageal echocardiography in patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery. Simultaneous measurements were done at different times of surgery. All data were recorded on PiCCOwin software and videotape and analysed off-line by a blinded investigator. RESULTS: A total of 114 measurements were achieved in 20 patients. There was a good correlation and small bias between the PiCCO and the echo-Doppler values of the mean SV [r=0.885; bias=0.2 (8) ml], and between the minimum [r=0.842; bias=1 (9) ml] and maximum SV [r=0.840; bias=2 (10) ml] values. CONCLUSIONS: There is a fair correlation between pulse-contour analysis and aortic Doppler for beat-by-beat measurement of SV but not for calculation of SV respiratory ventilation.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1989

The regulation of the ratio of the cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume in sheep.

Volume expansion with dextran was used in unanaesthetised sheep to investigate the mechanisms which are responsible for keeping the ratio of the cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume (CPFI) constant under physiological conditions. For animals with heart rates lower than 80, active pulmonary vasoconstriction was mainly responsible for the regulation obtained with volume expansion, while the Starling mechanism was responsible for keeping the ratio constant for animals with heart rates above 79. The involvement of a regulatory mechanism was shown by the absence of large changes in the CPFI after inducing mechanical stress on the cardiopulmonary system as a result of experimental hypertension. Results obtained with receptor blockade showed that active pulmonary vasoconstriction may be the result of a reflex mechanism with parasympathetic efferents. It is suggested that the receptors for this reflex are situated in the pulmonary arteries and are activated by the pressure changes as a result of heart contractions.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

Ratio of cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume as an index of cardiac function in animals in man.

A scintillation probe was used to record a radiocardiogram as 99mTc flowed through the heart with the first pass after an intravenous injection. The ratio of cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume, which could be determined indirectly from the simultaneous recording of a radiocardiogram and an electrocardiogram, was found to be a very sensitive and reliable index to describe the efficiency of the pump function of the heart with the different models of heart disease induced in experimental animals. It was found that left ventricular, right ventricular and biventricular failures were reflected by a large increase and pulmonary emboli by a decrease in the value of this index, which was named the cardiopulmonary flow index (CPFI). The technique has also been tested on a number of control and heart patients. The general principles found for animals could also be applied to man. As this is a noninvasive bedside technique it may have an important implication for the diagnosis of heart disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Monitoring of pulmonary fluid volume and stroke volume by impedance cardiography in patients on hemodialysis.

Changes of intrathoracic fludi volume during maintenance therapy with hemodialysis were studied in ten patients with the aid of impedance cardiography. It was found that there was a statistically significant correlation between the decrease in body weight and the increase in basic thoracic impedance in the individual patients, but the values differed considerably from one patient to another. Therefore, comparison of sequential measurements is feasible only in one and the same patient. Out of 16 patients with overhydration undergoing dialysis, the stroke volume could not be determined by impedance cardiographic studies in eight, owing to the abnormal morphology of the dZ/dt curve. Moreover, because the basic thoracic impedance was not constant during treatment, the calculated changes in stroke volume did not appear to be reliable. This has to be taken into account when repeated measurements are made under clinical conditions. In some of the patients, the dZ/dt curve displayed interesting anomalies, probably resulting from hemodynamic alterations. The diagnostic meaning of these features is not yet known.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of left ventricular end-diastolic volume from stroke volume and ejection fraction.

The present study examines an innovative approach to measurement of left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (LVEDV). Measurement of LVEDV is fundamental to the assessment of intraoperative systolic and diastolic LV function. We compared steady state LVEDV values obtained from stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) with echocardiographic and postmortem LVEDV measurements. Five anesthetized pigs (40-45 kg) underwent median sternotomy and pericardiotomy. A transit time ultrasonic flow probe was placed on the ascending aorta to provide cardiac output. A micromanometer provided LV end-diastolic pressure. LV short axis cross sectional echocardiograms and electrocardiograms were also obtained. LV end-diastolic area (LVEDA) and end-systolic area (LVESA) were measured to obtain EF. LVEDVsv/ef was calculated from cardiac output, heart rate, and EF. LVEDVecho was determined using a three-plane echocardiography model. Postmortem (LVEDVpm/vv) volumes were also measured. LVEDVsv/ef correlated well with volumes obtained by echocardiography (r2 = 0.92) and postmortem (r2 = 0.73) measurements. Values of p < 0.05 indicated significant linearity of LVEDA-LVEDVsv/ef (r2 =0.93), LVEDA-LVEDVecho (r2 = 0.96), and LVEDA-LVEDVpm/vv (r2 = 0.81) relationships. Determination of LVEDV from SV and EF is valid and may facilitate real-time determination of LV mechanics.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of combined administration of ethyl alcohol with caffeine and hydroxyzine on cardiac minute volume and stroke volume in rabbits.

The effect of combined administration of ethyl alcohol with caffeine and hydroxyzine on cardiac volume and vascular resistance was studied. Combined administration of these compounds diminished cardiac stroke volume and minute output and increased general vascular resistance. Simultaneous administration of ethanol with caffeine and hydroxyzine exerts an unfavorable effect on haemodynamics of circulatory system.

Animals↗