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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The Byl-Cheney-Boczai Sensory Discriminator: reliability, validity, and responsiveness for testing stereognosis.

This study evaluated reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a new test of stereognosis (Byl-Cheney-Boczai Sensory Discriminator Test [BCBI]). Participants included 38 controls, 29 subjects with hand problems, and 3 raters. With eyes closed, after sweeping the digit over a design (10 mm x 10 mm) embedded in a plastic cube (13 mm x 13 mm), subjects matched the design palpated with a design on an answer sheet (10 trials/digits 2 and 4). The intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.997 and 0.994 for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. No significant performance differences were found by gender or side. Accuracy was significantly higher for digit 2 versus digit 4, younger subjects versus older subjects, and controls versus subjects with pathology. There were significant (1) positive correlations (+0.41 to +0.53) between the BCBI and tests of stereognosis and graphesthesia; (2) negative correlations (-0.44 to -0.51) between the BCBI and the Purdue and digital reaction time; and (3) gains on the BCBI and function with therapy. The BCBI seems to be a reliable, valid, and responsive test of stereognosis that can be administered in 15 minutes in the cinic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Studies on adaptation to complete dentures. Part II: Oral stereognosis and tactile sensibility.

High oral perception is thought to contribute to poor adaptation to new dentures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral stereognosis and tactile sensibility in edentate subjects and relate these to patient age and capability of adaptation to new prostheses. A total of 67 patients were provided with new complete dentures 2-3 weeks before the experiment. In 54 subjects, the oral stereognosis was evaluated by 12 different test-pieces, which were placed unseen on the tongue and had to be recognized. In 38 patients, the oral tactile sensibility was determined in the premolar area using copper foils. The capability of adaptation was evaluated by a questionnaire. Denture retention was assessed by clinical examination. The number of correctly identified test-pieces and the average identification time were related to the age, but no relation was found to patients' capability of adaptation. The tactile sensibility was found to be impaired with age and diminished capability of adaptation. Both adaptation and oral tactile sensibility were significantly lower in subjects with poor lower-denture retention. In conclusion, the results cannot support a relationship between high oral stereognosis and adaptation problems. However, good denture retention facilitates the adaptation process.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Inter-rater reliability of the Nottingham method of stereognosis assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inter-rater reliability of stereognosis assessment in stroke patients, as measured by the Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA). SUBJECTS: Twenty stroke patients consented to participate in the study. The subjects were aged between 40 and 93 years, and were no more than three months post stroke. DESIGN: The stereognostic ability of the subjects was assessed by two of three examiners within a 24-hour period. The method laid out by the NSA was followed throughout the study. ANALYSIS: Point to point agreement of scores and therefore reliability levels were assessed between examiners using the kappa coefficient of agreement. RESULTS: The majority of subjects (n = 13) were found to have impaired stereognosis on their affected side. A good level of reliability was found for the majority of items (n = 32), with kappa values being rated as substantial or higher for most of the objects tested. In eight cases the reliability was fair or moderate. These cases included the glass, biro and 10p coin when the affected side was assessed by examiners 1 and 2, and the pencil when the same side was assessed by examiners 1 and 3. These levels of reliability were acceptable, but were not as high as the researchers had hoped. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the Nottingham method of stereognosis assessment is a reliable assessment tool between raters.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Oral stereognosis: effect of varying form set, answer type, and retention time.

The oral stereognosis abilities of 40 young adults were investigated as a function of oral stereognosis form sets (four sets), retention time (unlimited and 5 sec), and response type (oral discrimination and visual recognition). Results showed that the Penn State forms were the easiest for the subjects under all conditions and that the Ringel form set was the most difficult under all conditions. A significant interaction between oral form sets and answer type indicated that the visual recognition task, rather than the discrimination task, was primarily responsible for the differences between the oral form sets. A three-way interaction revealed that the retention times had a significant effect on the two form sets of medium difficulty (NIDR-10 and NIDR-20) for the visual recognition condition. The results are discussed in view of their research and clinical implications.

Achievement↗
PubMed1998

Oral stereognosis: a review of the literature.

Stereognosis is the ability to recognise and discriminate forms. Oral stereognostic ability has been studied in different reports. The experimental design of the test is of primary importance as both the method used and the material applied may influence the results dramatically. The form, size and surface characteristics of the test piece, the presentation order, subject-related factors and the method of scoring all have their effect on the results. With regard to subject-related factors, ageing has a negative influence on stereognostic ability; gender is considered of no importance. Another influencing factor is dental status. A healthy natural dentition offers a very good oral stereognostic ability. Edentulous subjects usually show a decreased oral stereognostic ability, depending on the rehabilitation form. A number of questions have been addressed, especially with regard to the perception itself. Receptors mainly involved in oral stereognostic ability are located in various oral structures and form perception results from an association of more than one group of receptors. The following review tries to deal with these questions and attempts to provide clear guidelines for further research on oral stereognosis.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Oral stereognosis in stroke and Parkinson's disease: a comparison of partially dentate and edentulous individuals.

Oral stereognosis was measured in partially dentate and edentulous patients with stroke, Parkinson's disease, and an age and gender-matched control group. Stereognostic tests involving conventional free intra-oral manipulation of test objects were undertaken in the partially dentate and edentulous with and without complete dentures. Comparisons were made using the unpaired t-test and ANOVA. Edentulous stroke patients without dentures had significantly greater error scores and fewer correct identifications compared with partially dentate stroke patients. Stereognostic measures were similar in the partially dentate and edentulous with dentures, within experimental groups. In the partially dentate, there were no differences in stereognostic measures between the three groups. Stereognostic measures were poorer in edentulous stroke patients with and without dentures compared with the edentulous control group. Partially dentate stroke patients are less likely to have impaired oral stereognosis than edentulous stroke patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Oral stereognosis in edentulous subjects rehabilitated with complete removable dentures.

Oral stereognosis was analysed in a group of edentulous subjects rehabilitated with complete removable dentures. Stereognosis was evaluated with and without the denture in place. The results showed that the older subjects had poorer stereognostic ability than the younger ones, whereas the duration of edentulism appeared not to influence this ability. The presence of a correct prosthetic rehabilitation appeared to improve stereognostic ability. Subjects with poorer stereognostic ability appeared more satisfied with their rehabilitation than did those with better stereognostic ability.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Adjustment of complete dentures. Have oral stereognosis and denture quality a predictable value?].

The denture complaints of 397 complete denture wearing participants were assessed. The quality of the dentures and denture bearing surfaces were professionally scored as well. Combination of these scores gave a specific denture quality, the so-called 'prosthetic condition'. The oral stereognostic capability was recorded with an Oral Stereognosis Test. There was no correlation between denture complaints and the results of the Oral Stereognosis Test, nor between denture complaints and prosthetic condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Impairment of the oral stereognosis in the partial anterior open bite.

The study was performed in 20 children with partial anterior open bite and in 20 children of a control group. Stereognosis was evaluated on the basis of correct recognition responses to silicone pieces of the different shapes. Pieces were put on the dorsal surface of the tongue close to its apex. It was evident that the stereognostic ability was impaired in children with anterior open bite. This ability also decreased after infiltration anaesthesia of the tongue. The study indicated that the tongue plays an important role in oral stereognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in oral stereognosis between complete denture wearers.

To better understand patients' relative satisfaction with complete dentures, differences in oral stereognostic perception, based on the identification of small objects placed in the mouth, were investigated. It was found that the oral stereognosis test applied is reliable for measuring patients' oral stereognostic perception. However, the positive correlation of other studies concerning the relationship between oral stereognosis and satisfaction with complete dentures was not confirmed in this study.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

[Oral stereognosis test in patients with complete dentures].

An oral stereognosis test was performed in patients with complete dentures. Two groups were selected: patients without complaints of their dentures of professionally assessed poor quality and patients with complaints of professionally assessed good dentures. There was no statistical significant correlation between the measure of scores of an oral stereognosis test and the presence of complaints related with the dentures.

Denture Retention↗
PubMed1998

Stereognosis in the chronic split brain: hemispheric differences, ipsilateral control and sensory integration across the midline.

Benton's test of Stereognosis was administered separately to the left and right hands of six patients with complete cerebral commissurotomy and two patients with partial commissurotomy sparing the splenium. Experiment 1 displayed the multiple choice card in free vision for all patients whereas Experiment 2 displayed it for ocular exploration in one visual field at a time, either the same or opposite to the exploring hand, in two complete commissurotomy patients fitted with special contact lens systems. There were deficits in stereognosis without primary somatosensory impairment in both disconnected hemispheres and the deficit was more marked in the hemisphere with predominant extracallosal damage. The two disconnected hemispheres appeared to use different strategies for recognizing shapes. As can be expected, naming of stimuli explored with the left hand was worse than of stimuli explored by the right hand, but it was above chance and variable across patients. Left hand naming was not affected by restricting stimulus exploration to distal joints. Naming of stimuli explored in the left visual hemifield was worse than of stimuli explored with the left hand, suggesting that it reflects left rather than right hemisphere speech. There was surprisingly good performance in the cross-hemisphere condition where one hand explored the stimulus and the multiple choice card was explored in the opposite visual field. The left hand-right hemifield combination was more effective than the right hand-left field combination, suggesting better "ipsilateral" tactile/kinesthetic projections in the left than right hemisphere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of stereognosis and two-point discrimination testing of the hands of children with cerebral palsy.

The authors compared tests of stereognosis using shape recognition and two-point discrimination with a paper-clip in evaluating sensation in the fingers of 51 patients with cerebral palsy between the ages of six and 20 years, and of 170 controls in the same age-range. The two-point discrimination test had significantly higher sensitivity in detecting tactile sensation than shape recognition, with slightly less specificity. Testing hand sensation should be part of the assessment of patients when considering reconstructive surgery, therapy, or the teaching of specific hand-skills. The two-point discrimination test with a paper-clip is a simple and reliable method of doing so.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Oral stereognosis of the dysgnathic child, thumbsuckers and nonsuckers].

Stereognosy is the capacity of the oral cavity to ascertain the form of things and depends upon a complicated neurosensory and neuromotor process of the brain. The hypothesis exists that a deficiency in this perception is a consequence of thumbsucking. A study of 40 children with two comparative groups, thumbsuckers and non-suckers does not allow to refute this theory and permits to suppose that the existing deficiency may be removed by a learning process or repeated stimulation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Surgery of the spastic hand in cerebral palsy. Improvement in stereognosis and hand function after surgery.

Thirty-six patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy had surgical treatment for the upper limb and were followed up for 18 months postoperatively. Various operations were done. A striking finding was a significant improvement of stereognosis (ability to describe and recognize objects without vision). Most patients had improvement in different functional grasps following surgical reconstruction. Range of movement in the forearm and wrist also increased in most patients. The thumb-in-palm deformity was completely corrected in 31 of the patients and improved in the other five. Most patients had some or all of their expectations of the procedure fulfilled.

Activities of Daily Living↗