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Results for “Splenic Neoplasms”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

A clinicopathologically distinctive primary splenic histiocytic neoplasm. Demonstration of its histiocyte derivation by immunophenotypic and molecular genetic analysis.

We describe a primary splenic neoplasm composed of cytomorphologically malignant-appearing erythrophagocytic histiocytoid cells reminiscent of those seen in malignant histiocytosis. However, this neoplasm displayed certain distinctive clinicopathologic features--including localization to the spleen, where it grew as separate discrete nodules--that distinguish it from all previously reported cases of malignant histiocytosis. The cells expressed a monocyte/histiocyte immunophenotype and lacked clonal immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor beta-chain gene rearrangements. Our results suggest that this neoplasm represents a clinicopathologically distinctive and possibly unique tumor derived from the tissue macrophage lineage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Epithelioid and spindle-cell hemangioendothelioma of the spleen. Report of a distinctive splenic vascular neoplasm of childhood.

A case of a distinctive vascular neoplasm of the spleen in a 3-year-old boy is described. The tumor was characterized histologically by a biphasic growth pattern, with discrete nodular areas composed of atypical round, epithelioid cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli, and areas showing an intricate proliferation of vascular channels lined by elongated spindle cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed cytoplasmic staining of the tumor cells with factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus lectin, and vimentin antibodies. Stains for keratin, actin, desmin, lysozyme, and S-100 protein were negative in the tumor cells. Electron microscopy revealed a fairly cohesive population of cells that contained mature and immature cell junctions, basal lamina material, and surface pinocytotic activity consistent with vascular endothelial cells. Five-year follow-up has shown the patient to be alive and free of disease. This case appears to represent a previously unreported primary vascular neoplasm of the spleen showing combined features of epithelioid and spindle-cell hemangioendothelioma. The lesion should be distinguished from other benign and malignant vascular proliferations of the spleen such as Kaposi's sarcoma, angiosarcoma, and the recently described littoral-cell angioma.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous sarcomas of the canine spleen: 57 cases (1975-1987).

The case records of and histopathologic findings in 57 dogs with nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous splenic sarcomas were reviewed. Splenic neoplasms in these dogs included leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrous histiocytoma. The clinical signs associated with splenic sarcoma included anorexia or decreased appetite, abdominal distention, polydipsia, lethargy, vomiting, weight loss, and weakness. An abdominal mass was detected in 86% of the dogs by use of abdominal palpation (63%), and/or abdominal radiography (74%). The diagnosis was based on histopathologic findings in the spleen. Abdominal exploratory surgery was performed on 43 of the 57 dogs. Twenty-seven dogs were treated by splenectomy, and 16 were euthanatized at the time of surgery because of widespread metastatic lesions. Of the 14 dogs on which surgery was not performed, 11 were euthanatized on the basis of results of preoperative diagnostic tests, and the remaining 3 dogs had splenic neoplasms that were incidental findings at necropsy. Of the 27 surgically treated dogs, 5 died in the immediate postoperative period, 12 died or were euthanatized within 1 year after splenectomy, and only 5 dogs survived greater than or equal to 1 year. Three dogs were lost to follow-up evaluation, and 2 were still alive 6 and 7 months after surgery. The median survival time of the 22 dogs for which survival was known was 2.5 months. The median survival time for 11 dogs with no obvious metastasis at the time of splenectomy was 9 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Two-dimensional, gray-scale ultrasonography for assessment of hepatic and splenic neoplasia in the dog and cat.

An analysis was made of 17 cases of microscopically proven hepatic and splenic neoplasms, with the objective of describing the ultrasonographic findings and determining how interpretation of these findings contributed to the diagnosis and prognosis of these cases. The ultrasonographic appearance of these tumors ranged from focal, large (6 to 20 cm diameter) mixed hyperechoic/hypoechoic masses to multifocal (0.5 to 2.0 cm diameter) hypoechoic masses. The ultrasonographic appearance was not specific for the microscopic cell-type of the neoplasm. When the combined clinical, hematologic, serum chemical, and ultrasonographic findings were interpreted, neoplasia was always the primary consideration, but microscopic confirmation was mandatory. The uses of ultrasonography in these cases were: (1) to characterize the internal architecture of a mass identified radiographically, (2) to confirm the organ of origin of the mass, (3) to define the extent of disease in or around an affected organ, (4) to evaluate palpable abdominal mass(es) in the presence of poor abdominal radiographic contrast, and (5) to identify previously undetected or unsuspected metastases. Three interpretive errors were found, but only one would have influenced the prognosis for that specific patient.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Iron oxide enhanced MR imaging of the liver and spleen: review of the first five years.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles are a potent new class of MR contrast agents affording improved detection of hepatic and splenic neoplasms. In this report we review the development of this agent through preclinical studies and early clinical results at Massachusetts General Hospital during a 5 year investigation. SPIO particles are sequestered by normal reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic Kupffer cells but are not retained in tumor tissue. Consequently, there is a five fold increase in T2 relaxation between normal RES tissue and tumor with a comparable advantage in quantitative signal to noise ratio, contrast to noise ratio and lesion detectibility in the liver and spleen at MR imaging. Increased lesion conspicuity can be exploited to decrease threshold size for lesion detection to less than 3 mm. Clinically beneficial effects occur with a variety of mildly T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences; gradient-echo techniques show even greater benefit after administration of SPIO. Metabolically, pharmaceutical grade preparations are biodegradable and bioavailable, being rapidly turned over into body iron stores and incorporated into erythrocyte hemoglobin. Early dose escalation clinical trials have identified a probable clinical dose range of 10-20 mumol Fe/kg body weight. SPIO compounds evaluated to date are still investigational in the United States. Newer commercial formulations currently being evaluated may extend clinical safety margins.

Ferric Compounds↗
PubMed1988

Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma in the spleen.

Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma is a rare vascular neoplasm originally described as involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues. No case has been reported to involve the spleen, although structurally similar splenic neoplasms have been reported under different names. A 5-year-old boy presented with isolated splenomegaly and was found to have endovascular papillary angioendothelioma of the spleen. Studies supported the suggestion that the endovascular papillary angioendothelioma manifests focal "high" endothelial differentiation.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the spleen.

Inflammatory pseudotumors are uncommon benign lesions that have been found in numerous organ systems. However, their appearance within the spleen is decidedly rare. Grossly, pseudotumors appear as well-circumscribed, encapsulated masses, while microscopic examination reveals a polymorphous inflammatory cell infiltrate occurring variably with granulomatous reaction, fibrosis, and cell necrosis. Because they often present either as unexplained, asymptomatic masses or with vague constitutional symptoms, splenic inflammatory pseudotumors can raise suspicion for a primary splenic neoplasm, such as lymphoma. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Splenic fibrosis and sarcomas in F344 rats fed diets containing aniline hydrochloride, p-chloroaniline, azobenzene, o-toluidine hydrochloride, 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline, or D & C red No. 9.

In six carcinogenicity bioassays, male and female F344 rats were fed diets containing aniline hydrochloride (CAS: 142-04-1; hydrochloride benzenamide), p-chloroaniline (CAS: 106-47-8), azobenzene (CAS: 103-33-3), o-toluidine hydrochloride (CAS: 636-21-5), dapsone (CAS: 80-08-0; 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline), or D & C red No. 9 [CAS: D85500000; 5-chloro-2-[2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-4-methylbenzenesulfon ic acid, barium salt]. The rats, from 6 weeks to 2 years old, were given the compounds at two dose levels, the estimated maximum tolerated dose and one-half that dose. In all six bioassays, dose-dependent incidences of splenic sarcomas and fibrosis were seen, with the highest incidences in male rats. Fibrosis occurred in the splenic parenchyma and/or the capsule. Fatty infiltration also was seen in the spleen. Sarcomas appeared to arise in the splenic red pulp or splenic capsule, usually in association with areas of parenchymal and capsular fibrosis and pigmentation. Larger tumors metastasized to the peritoneal cavity and abdominal organs. In some rats there was marked osseous metaplasia when the primary tumor metastasized to peritoneal surfaces. Other, less common, splenic neoplasms included hemangiosarcoma and hemangiopericytoma. Some rats had such extensive peritoneal involvement that the site of origin of their sarcoma was difficult to determine.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1990

Iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging of the liver and spleen: review of the first 5 years.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles are a potent new class of MR contrast agents affording improved detection of hepatic and splenic neoplasms. In this report we review the development of this agent through preclinical studies and early clinical results at Massachusetts General Hospital during a 5-year investigation. SPIO particles are sequestered by normal phagocytic Kupffer cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) but are not retained in tumor tissue. Consequently, there is a fivefold increase in T2 relaxation between normal RES tissue and tumor, with a comparable advantage in quantitative signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and lesion detectability in the liver and spleen on MR imaging. Increased lesion conspicuity can be exploited to decrease threshold size for lesion detection to less than 3 mm. Clinically beneficial effects occur with a variety of mildly T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences; gradient-echo techniques show even greater benefit after administration of SPIO. Metabolically, pharmaceutical-grade preparations are biodegradable and bioavailable, being rapidly turned over into body iron stores and incorporated into erythrocyte hemoglobin. Early dose-escalation clinical trials have identified a probable clinical dose range of 10-20 mumols Fe/kg body weight. In the United States, SPIO compounds evaluated to date are still approved for use in investigational studies only. Newer commercial formulations currently being evaluated may extend clinical safety margins.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Value of computer tomographic determination of spleen size for the elucidation of splenic involvement within the framework of primary lymph node neoplasms].

The splenic index was determined in 155 persons, without evidence of splenic disease, in order to obtain a simple measure of splenic size. Subsequently 36 patients with malignant lymphomas and who then had their spleens removed were examined by CT. A comparison of the CT and pathological-anatomical findings showed that it is a valuable non-invasive method for diagnosing splenic involvement, having a specificity of 86%, sensitivity of 77% and accuracy of 83%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Splenic lymphoid change in abdominal neoplasmic patients--analysis of 121 cases.

Because the spleen is likely to play a specific role in immunity, we have tried to observe the influence of the abdominal neoplasms on splenic lymphoid tissue as well as the distribution and localization of immunoregulatory cells with a special attention to the marginal zone, using splenectomy specimens in the various kinds of 121 abdominal neoplasm patients. As a control group, twenty-six splenectomy specimens from patients with traumatic rupture were used. In splenic size and weight, there was a statistically meaningful increase in the patients with abdominal neoplasms. Among those patients, the evolving activated immune reaction (EVA) was 60.2%, the early activated immune-reaction (EAA) 39.0%, the mixed evolving activated and granulomatous reaction (MIX) 0.8%, unlike EVA 30.8%, EAA 69.2%, and MIX 0% in the normal control group. The reason for this change may be explained by activated lymphoid tissue in the form of EVA type. In conclusion, the splenic lymphoid tissue in the various kinds of abdominal neoplasms, mostly malignant, revealed the chronic immune activated state characterized by the increased number of prominent germinal centers and distinct marginal zones, the latter of which revealed the positive reaction for L26, IgM and IgG, and negative for IgD, as well as showing increased natural killer and dentritic reticulum cells identified by Leu7 and S-100 protein respectively. Therefore, we could at least find the significance of the immunologic role of the spleen in the case of abdominal neoplasms, mostly from malignancy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗