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Results for “Splenic Diseases”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Splenic rupture following colonoscopy: report of an unusual case in the absence of underlying splenic disease].

Splenic injury following colonoscopy is rare and, to our knowledge, 18 cases only have been reported so far in the literature. The presumed mechanisms for splenic injury during colonoscopy are direct trauma to the spleen or excessive traction of the splenocolic ligament this latter mechanism being due to decreased mobility between the spleen and the colon secondary to adhesions. Splenomegaly or underlying splenic disease are two conditions which are considered to be predisposing factors to splenic injury. We report one case of splenic rupture which was due to colonoscopy in the absence of any underlying splenic disease. This case was diagnosed and monitored by computed tomography, thus avoiding unnecessary splenectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Rectus sheath hematoma mimicking acute splenic disease.

In patients with hematological malignancies and splenomegaly, acute abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant is highly suspicious of splenic disease (i.e., hematoma, infarction, or rupture). We report the case of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and splenomegaly who presented an unusual abdominal condition causing pain in the left upper quadrant, with a clinical presentation mimicking acute splenic disease. The diagnostic dilemma was resolved by ultrasonography, demonstrating a rectus sheath hematoma.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of an ultrasonically activated scalpel for splenectomy in 10 dogs with naturally occurring splenic disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an ultrasonically activated scalpel for performing splenectomy, with minimal ligation, in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Dogs (10) with naturally occurring splenic disease. METHODS: Between October 2003 and February 2004, splenectomy was performed using an ultrasonically activated scalpel and a double seal method, in 10 dogs with naturally occurring splenic disease. Time for splenectomy and number of ligatures required were recorded. Intraoperative hemostasis, device ease of use, postoperative hemorrhage, and short-term survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean operative time for splenectomy, exclusive of celiotomy and closure, was 18 minutes (range, 8-25 minutes). The mean number of ligatures needed to perform splenectomy was 1 (range, 0-2 ligatures). One dog hemorrhaged from the splenic vein after ultrasonic scalpel transection of a vessel >5-mm diameter and required a ligature. The ultrasonic scalpel was easy to use, with a minimal learning curve. None of the dogs had postoperative abdominal hemorrhage; 9 dogs were discharged and 1 dog was euthanatized because of septicemia. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic activated scalpel may be used to achieve efficient and safe hemostasis of the splenic vascular pedicle in dogs with minimal need for vascular ligation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ultrasonic scalpels can be used to perform splenectomy in dogs with naturally occurring splenic disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of diffuse and focal splenic disease with use of magnetic starch microspheres.

The diagnostic value of magnetic starch microspheres (MSM), a new superparamagnetic contrast agent, was studied in experimental models of diffuse and focal splenic disease in rats by means of ex vivo relaxometry and in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Owing to small differences in unenhanced T1 and T2 values between diffuse lymphoma and normal spleen, MR imaging failed to distinguish tumor-bearing animals from control animals by signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) obtained with T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences. One hour after injection of 20 mumol/kg MSM, lymphomatous spleen showed significantly (P < .001) reduced enhancement relative to normal splenic tissue. As a result, animals with diffuse lymphoma (SNR: 10.3 +/- 1.7) could be easily differentiated from control animals (SNR: 5.5 +/- 0.6) on T2-weighted (TR msec/TE msec = 2,000/45) images. In focal splenic disease, MSM produced normal enhancement of nontumorous splenic tissue, whereas relaxation times of tumors were not different before and after contrast agent injection. On T2-weighted images (2,000/45), the tumor-spleen contrast-to-noise ratio increased from 4.8 +/- 1.6 to 21.8 +/- 1.9 (+354%), improving conspicuity of splenic tumors. The results show that MSM-enhanced MR imaging improves the detection of diffuse and focal splenic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Focal splenic disease demonstrated by ultrasound and computed tomography.

Twenty-five patients with focal splenic disease were analyzed retrospectively to determine the relative strengths and weaknesses of ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) in the detection and analysis of focal splenic lesions. Lesions were detected in all 25 patients by ultrasonography and in 22 of 25 patients by CT. Ultrasonography appears to be more sensitive in the detection of focal lymphoma within the spleen and may be slightly more sensitive in the detection of microabscesses. CT may offer more specific information regarding the nature of certain lesions, including the detection of cyst wall calcification, gas within an abscess, and the specific site of origin of tumor invading the spleen. Ultrasonography may at times be more specific in the diagnosis of cystic lesions. We recommend ultrasonography as the first method for splenic imaging with CT used when necessary for further characterization of focal lesions.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

[Internal medicine diagnosis of splenic diseases].

In an adult man the spleen serves two physiologic functions. It is an organ of the immune system, the second function is the sequestration and removal of normal and abnormal blood cells. Most diseases of spleen are associated with enlargement of the organ. Causes of splenomegaly are liver diseases with portal hypertension, infections, malignant leukemias or lymphomas often combined with lymph node enlargement, collagen vascular diseases or Felty's syndrome, chronic hemolytic syndromes and infiltrative diseases such as Gaucher's disease. Some diseases associated with splenic enlargement respond to splenectomy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence and type of splenic diseases in cats: 455 cases (1985-1991).

Retrospective data on the type and prevalence of splenic disease in cats were evaluated in a large number of feline splenic tissues (n = 455) submitted as surgical and necropsy specimens from private veterinary hospitals in California during a period of approximately 5.5 years. Primary and metastatic neoplasia accounted for 37% of all feline splenic lesions. Mastocytoma, lymphosarcoma, myeloproliferative disease, and hemangiosarcoma, in that order, accounted for the bulk of neoplasia. Submission of accessory splenic tissue from either the omentum or pancreas accounted for 4% (17/455), whereas hyperplastic nodules, hematomas, and the combination of these changes in the spleen accounted for 4% (19/455). Splenitis was found in 2% (8/455) of submissions. Thromboembolism with regional splenic infarction accounted for 1% (4/455) of splenic lesions in cats. The remaining splenic lesions each accounted for less than 1% of total splenic submissions, and as such, were considered incidental and of questionable clinical importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence, type, and importance of splenic diseases in dogs: 1,480 cases (1985-1989).

The prevalence data of splenic diseases from 3 sources were studied. Group 1 consisted of a general diagnostic survey of accessions submitted from private veterinary hospitals in California during a period of approximately 4 years and included 1,372 submissions of canine splenic tissue. Group 2 consisted of surgical splenectomy specimens from 92 dogs; the specimens were submitted to the laboratory for gross and histologic evaluation prior to fixation, and a questionnaire was subsequently sent to determine the outcome of the disease. Group 3 was made up of specimens of 105 splenic lesions derived from a large colony of Beagles with complete medical records and records of pathologic findings. In this study, splenic hematoma and hyperplastic nodule, not hemangiosarcoma, made up the bulk of splenic lesions. Hemangiosarcoma was the most frequent neoplasm of the canine spleen, but the combined prevalence of all other splenic neoplasms was similar to that of hemangiosarcoma alone. Splenic hematoma and hemangiosarcoma were grossly indistinguishable in most cases. Hyperplastic lymphoid nodules and hematomas of the spleen appeared to represent a continuum. If that finding was correlated with microscopic splenic blood flow, specific causal relationship could be suggested. Prognostically, the live/dead ratio and mean survival of dogs with various splenic lesions differed significantly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[Modern imaging procedures in splenic diseases].

Imaging procedures have lately become important in pathologic conditions of the spleen, because they are simple to use and do not cause much stress to the patient. Ultrasonography is the method of choice for determination of the position, shape, size and volume of the spleen, and also for the diagnosis of changes within the spleen. Circumscribed lesions cannot be detected by ultrasonography until they have reached a size of 0.5-1.0 cm; the same limit of detection applies for CT, which has approximately the same diagnostic reliability. In the presence of generalized splenic disease (e.g. splenomegaly in myeloid leukaemia) imaging procedures are being used increasingly for staging and for monitoring of the results of treatment. Perhaps in future histochemical determinations made with the aid of core-spin spectroscopy will present a further means of diagnosis without the necessity for biopsy. Angiography was the leading diagnostic technique for spleen conditions for many years, and continues to occupy this place for primary disease of the spleen (aneurysm, arterioportal fistula, haemangioma); it is currently gaining in importance with the advent of therapeutic embolization as an option. For diffuse spleen disease and also for circumscribed lesions, however, it has now been superseded by the non-invasive methods of diagnosis.

Angiography↗
PubMed1994

Ultrasound or CT in splenic diseases?

To compare the value of US and CT for the detection and analysis of splenic abnormalities, we reviewed the medical records and imaging findings of 93 patients with 93 proven textural lesions of the spleen, which were visualized by US and/or CT. US revealed the abnormality in 91 (97.8%) patients and CT in 74 (79.6%) patients. US was more sensitive than CT in the detection of malignant lesions, particularly splenic lymphoma, while US and CT were equally effective in benign lesions. In 2 patients, one with sarcoidosis and the other with an acute infarct, the lesion was visualized by CT but not by US. On CT, i.v. injection of contrast material improved both the sensitivity of the examination and the delineation of the abnormality. The echogenicity or the attenuation of the lesions did not usually allow differentiation between the various benign and malignant splenic lesions. US is recommended as the method of choice for splenic imaging.

Adolescent↗