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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Radiographic method to assess the prevalence of sacral spina bifida occulta.

Spina bifida occulta of the sacrum is the most common type of spinal deformity. Many authors have published data on the frequency of spina bifida occulta, with varying results. Some possible reasons for this variability could include the differing methods used to gather data and differing ways of classifying the condition. This study attempts to develop an X-ray method to study sacral spina bifida occulta in a standardized fashion, using an angulated antero-posterior technique. This technique is then used to estimate the frequency of sacral spina bifida occulta in an Australian sample. The sacra of 53 cadavers were X-rayed and the level of closure of the sacral spinal canal recorded. The X-ray technique was validated by open dissection of six of the cadavers studied and was shown to be accurate to half a sacral segment. No sacra with a completely open sacral canal were found, two sacra (4%) were open from S2 down to S5 and ten sacra (19%) were open from S3 down to S5. The most common condition (43%) recorded was where S4 and S5 only were open. Eighteen cadavers (34%) showed only S5 open, and interestingly, no sacra were recorded as having the dorsal sacral arch completely closed. A study of a larger sample will follow using the validated X-ray technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A mouse model for neural tube defects: the curtailed (Tc) mutation produces spina bifida occulta in Tc/+ animals and spina bifida with meningomyelocele in Tc/t.

Curtailed (Tc), a dominant mutation on mouse chromosome 17, causes a tailless phenotype and occasional hindlimb paralysis in heterozygotes. Histologically, Tc/+ embryos show a variety of abnormalities including budding and ventral duplication of the developing spinal cord, duplication and intermittent absence of the notochord, and partial or complete absence of bony vertebrae, all posterior to midliver level. When Tc is heterozygous with t-haplotypes that contain the "tail interaction factor," tct, the phenotype is more severe, and a dorsal blood blister exists in the lumbosacral area. Our microscopic observations reveal that Tc/tw5 mice have a lumbosacral spina bifida with meningomyelocele. This results from the absence of bony vertebrae, extensive thinning of the dermis dorsally, and the rupturing of the previously closed neural tube, probably by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure on the necrotic, attenuated roof plate. Thinning of the roof plate, which facilitates the rupturing of the spinal cord, is not observed in Tc/+, which suggests that this phenomenon is associated with the interaction of Tc with the t-allele. Later in the development of Tc/tw5 embryos, adjacent blood vessels are ruptured, resulting in hemorrhage into the CSF space to give the external appearance of a blood blister. Tc/+ mice also show an absence of bony vertebrae dorsally in the lumbosacral region, but they lack the dorsal blood blister, and the dermal layer overlying the bony defect retains its normal thickness; these observations describe a spina bifida occulta.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Spina bifida occulta and epidural anaesthesia.

Spina bifida occulta occurs in 5-10% of the population, not all of whom display superficial signs. Attempted epidural puncture at the level of the lesion will almost certainly result in a dural tap. We report a patient who developed a postural headache after Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia, in whom radiography of the spine later demonstrated spina bifida occulta. This problem has not been described previously, although it is unlikely to be an isolated case.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Spina bifida occulta in epilepsy syndromes.

We studied radiographs of the lumbar vertebral column and sacral region for 182 patients with epilepsy for the presence of spina bifida occulta. Spina bifida occulta was twice as common in patients with idiopathic epilepsy as in patients with symptomatic epilepsy and twice as common in patients with idiopathic epilepsy as in the general population. We discuss the relationship between spina bifida occulta and idiopathic epilepsy.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Increased incidence of spina bifida occulta in fluorosis prone areas.

Spina bifida, a congenital deformity of the posterior wall of vertebrae of the spine, is a midline defect of skin, vertebral arches and neural tube, usually in the lumbosacral region. Its incidence is reported to be 0.2 to 0.4 per 1000 live births. Various hypotheses have been put forward as etiological factors for spina bifida including consumption of potato affected by blight and hardness of drinking water but these have not been proven. Two groups of 50 randomly chosen children were established. The study group consisted of children aged 5 to 12 years, weighing 15 to 30 kg, consuming fluoride rich drinking water (4.5 and 8.5 ppm fluoride; WHO permissible limit is 1.5 ppm fluoride), and manifesting either clinical, dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. The control group consisted of age and weight-matched children, consuming less than or equal to 1.5 ppm fluoride in drinking water and not showing any evidence of fluoride toxicity. These children were evaluated for antenatal history, general clinical examination (especially for dimples, tufts of hair, haemangioma on skin throughout the length of spine), other congenital abnormalities, evidence of fluoride toxicity, biochemical estimation for fluoride levels in blood and serum and by skiagrams of the spine to examine for the presence of spina bifida occulta. A total of 22 (44%) of the 50 children in group A, the study group, and 6 (12%) of the 50 children in group B, the control group, revealed spina bifida occulta in the lumbosacral region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

Constipation and spina bifida occulta: is there an association?

Spina bifida occulta (SBO) is an abnormality in the posterior arch formation, most commonly found at the level of the S1 vertebra. It has recently been implicated in the aetiology of urinary voiding problems. We have therefore investigated its incidence in female patients with constipation due to outlet obstruction (anismus) and slow colonic transit. The plain abdominal radiographs of 52 females with constipation, and 48 age-matched controls were reviewed by one radiologist, looking for both the incidence of SBO and the incidence of abnormally high posterior sacral arc opening (S3 and above) in each group. Seventeen (32.6%) patients compared to 11 (22.9%) control subjects had SBO (chi 2 1.183, P = 0.4). Fourteen (26.9%) patients compared to six (12.4%) control subjects had an abnormally high posterior sacral arc opening (chi 2 2.406, P = 0.2). Three of seven patients (42.6%) with anismus were found to have SBO. Of 19 patients with slow colonic transit five (26.2%) had SBO and of seven patients with a mixed picture, three (42.6%) had SBO. There was no significant difference in the incidence of SBO in any of these three patient subgroups when compared to the control group. These results suggest that there is no association between spina bifida occulta and constipation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Genetic spina bifida occulta in the mouse.

Spina bifida occulta is one of the major effects of the recessive mutant "snubnose" (symbol sno). Linkage tests have located this mutant in chromosome 4. Defective spinal arch formation typically includes the lumbar and often the posterior thoracic and sacral vertebrae. There is great variation in detail, from nearly normal closure to a trough-like spinal column. Causes of the variation are not understood. Severely affected specimens may also have defective anterior thoracic vertebrae and reduced size of the sacral vertebrae, with kyphosis. The tail is essentially normal. No external lesion or myelomeningocele has been found, but there have been some instances of paralysis of the hind limbs, possibly from injury. The spinal cord seems normal as a rule, and pigmentation is normal. Embryological study has not been attempted, but the condition seems to be primarily osteogenic in origin.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Spina bifida occulta in functional enuresis.

OBJECTIVE: To study incidence of spina bifida occulta in nocturnal enuresis cases and to compare outcome of enuresis with spina bifida occulta and enuresis without spina bifida occulta. METHODS: Patients with enuresis divided into two groups based on X-ray lumbosacral spine. Outcome of these patients were compared on behavioral therapy. RESULTS: Spina bifida occulta was detected in 18 out of total 48 patients. Levels of spina bifida were L5 vertebrae in 3,L5-S1 in 5,S1 in 8 and S1-S2 in 2 patients. Outcome was evaluated in 42 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months. There was no significant difference between both the groups. CONCLUSION: Spina bifida occulta is a common finding in enuresis. Outcome of patients with spina bifida occulta is not different than the patients without spina bifida occulta.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Is spina bifida occulta associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction in children?

PURPOSE: Of congenital malformations of the central nervous system 46% are abnormalities of the spinal cord, which includes spina bifida occulta. The occurrence and significance of spina bifida occulta in children with lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction were evaluated prospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1999 and February 2001, 158 consecutive children presenting with lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction were prospectively evaluated for associated spinal abnormalities. Plain abdominal x-ray showed either the presence or absence of fusion of the posterior elements of the lumbar and/or sacral spinous processes. Of the 158 patients 57 (36%) had spina bifida occulta (group 1) and 101 (64%) did not (group 2). RESULTS: There was no correlation between clinical outcome in group 1 with spina bifida occulta and lower urinary tract dysfunction and the pattern of spina bifida occulta. Significant correlation was present between lower urinary tract dysfunction and the presence of spina bifida occulta on plain abdominal x-ray. No significant correlation was found between the presence of spina bifida occulta and spinal cord abnormalities by magnetic resonance imaging scan. There was no direct causal relation between the radiological finding and lower urinary tract dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Children presenting with spina bifida occulta, and lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction have normal genitourinary tracts and absent spinal cord abnormalities. Spina bifida occulta is probably a coincidental finding and its true significance in this cohort was not established.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Spinal anesthesia in a patient with spina bifida occulta].

A 32-year-old woman with spina bifida occulta was scheduled for hemorroidectomy under spinal anesthesia. Preoperatively, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. The MRI demonstrated the conus medul laris reaching the L 3 level and a lipoma connected with conus medullaris intrathecally. Spinal anesthesia was done successfully at the L 3-4 interspace using 0.3% dibucaine 1.2 ml with 5% glucose 0.8 ml. Postoperatively she showed no neurologic complications. With exact anatomical findings of MRI, spinal anesthesia can be safely performed for patients with spina bifida occulta.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Relation between spina bifida occulta and various epileptic syndromes].

Radiographs of the lumbar vertebral column and sacral region obtained for 182 epileptic patients after spina bifida occulta were studied. Spina bifida occulta was twice as common in patients with idiopathic epilepsy as in those with symptomatic epilepsy and twice as common as in the normal population. A relationship between spina bifida occulta and idiopathic epilepsy is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Association between testicular cancer and spina bifida occulta.

Data are reported suggesting a high incidence of spina bifida occulta among testicular cancer patients. The relevance of a diagnosis of spina bifida occulta as a risk factor for testicular cancer is discussed, also considering the background information available on a common genetic origin for some urogenital malignancies which are often associated with different types of malformations.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Rare combination of spinal lesions and spina bifida occulta: case report.

An infant presented with spina bifida occulta and a rare combination of spinal lesions, consisting of fibrous band with skin tag, lipoma, congenital dermal sinus and arachnoid cyst. The literature concerning the arachnoid cyst in occult spinal dysraphism is reviewed and the embryogenesis of these lesions is discussed.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1996

Injury risk for research subjects with spina bifida occulta in a repeated impact study: a case review.

Spina bifida occulta (SBO) occurs in 18-34% of the normal U.S. population. Recently, 16.5% of normal, asymptomatic male soldier volunteer candidates in a U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory ride motion study were excluded from the study because they had SBO at one vertebral level. Disqualifying this percentage of screened research subject candidates threatened the timely completion of the schedule-intense protocol. Although one study suggests that SBO at spinal level S1 has a higher incidence of posterior disc herniation, the preponderance of clinical literature reports that spina bifida occulta is not a medical problem. The impact literature indicates that lumbosacral vertebral bodies fracture at 7.14 kN in static compression and 20+ G during dynamic vertical impacts. In this paper, we examined the human data observed in ejection seat incidents, the rationale for excluding volunteers with single level SBO and the path of axial load transmission through the lumboscral spine. Based on the findings, we concluded that research volunteers with single level SBO are not at increased risk for injury and recommended inclusion of these volunteers in future studies involving repeated axial impacts due to ride motion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The effect of GABA receptor ligands in experimental spina bifida occulta.

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology behind spina bifida and other neural tube defects (NTDs) is unclear. Folic acid is one variable, but other factors remain. Studies suggest that substances active at the GABA receptor may produce NTDs. To test this hypothesis pregnant rats were exposed to either the GABA a agonist muscimol (1, 2 or 4 mg/kg), the GABA a antagonist bicuculline (.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg), the GABA b agonist baclofen (15, 30, 60 mg/kg), or the GABA b antagonist hydroxysaclofen (1, 3, or 5 mg/kg) during neural tube formation. Normal saline was used as a control and valproic acid (600 mg/kg) as a positive control. The embryos were analyzed for the presence of a spina bifida like NTD. RESULTS: After drug administration the pregnancies were allowed to proceed to the 21st day of gestation. Then embryos were removed and skeletons staining and cleared. Vertebral arch closure was measured. Results indicate that the GABAa receptor agonist muscimol, the GABAa receptor antagonist bicuculline, and the GABAb agonist baclofen produced NTDs characterized by widening of the vertebral arch. Oppositely the GABAb antagonist hydroxysaclofen produced narrowing of the vertebral arches. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that GABA a or b ligands are capable of altering neural formation. GABA may play a greater than appreciated role in neural tube formation and may be important in NTDs. The narrowing of the vertebral arch produced by the GABA b antagonist hydroxysalcofen suggests that GABA b receptor may play an undefined role in neural tube closure that differs from the GABA a receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Significance of spina bifida occulta in children with diurnal enuresis.

We reviewed retrospectively 456 patients with diurnal enuresis to determine the relationship between spina bifida occulta and attainment of continence. Of these patients 127 had undergone x-rays of the spine and 48 children (48%) had spina bifida occulta. The clinical course of these patients was compared to 79 enuretic children with normal spine films. All patients were initially treated with a timed voiding program and 28 with persistent enuresis were given anticholinergic medication. Findings on urodynamic studies were similar for both groups. Uninhibited bladder contractions were found in the majority of patients and 2 children in each group had hypertonic filling curves. Of 10 children with spina bifida occulta magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound of the spine revealed lipoma and tethering of the cord in 1. Mean followup for both groups was 3 years. The outcome for enuretic children with spina bifida occulta was comparable to those with normal spine x-rays. The majority of patients had resolution of the enuresis with conservative management. Spinal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging may be warranted in those children with abnormal neurological findings on examination or hypertonic filling curves, or those who fail to respond to medical treatment. However, neurosurgical intervention to achieve continence appears necessary in only a small percentage of enuretic children with spina bifida occulta.

Child↗