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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Sparganosis presenting as a conus medullaris lesion: case report and literature review of the spinal sparganosis.

BACKGROUND: Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection affecting various organs, including the central nervous system. In rare cases, sparganosis may involve the spinal cord, usually at the thoracic area. We herein report, to our knowledge, the first case of sparganosis presenting as a conus medullaris lesion and review the literature of sparganosis involving the spinal cord. OBSERVATION: A 42-year-old man presented with progressive perianal paresthesia and sphincter disturbances. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the cerebrospinal fluid and surgical biopsy were consistent with sparganum infection affecting the conus medullaris. We reviewed 7 other cases of spinal sparganosis. CONCLUSIONS: Sparganosis may present as a conus medullaris lesion. This possibility should be considered when clinicians encounter patients with a conus medullaris lesion or cauda equina syndrome with uncertain diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

IgG antibody responses in early experimental sparganosis and IgG subclass responses in human sparganosis.

Antigenic components in the crude extracts of Spirometra mansoni plerocercoid were analyzed in early experimental infections and in IgG subclass observed in clinical sparganosis. By IgG immunoblot, sera obtained serially from experimental mice, fed 5 spargana each, were reacted with the crude extracts. Protein bands at 36-26 kDa and 103 kDa showed positive reactions since two weeks after infection. In a differential immunoblot, in which a monospecific antibody against sparganum chymase at 36 kDa was pre-treated, the reactions at 36-26 kDa disappeared, indicating that the sparganum chymase and its degradation products invoked IgG antibody reactions. When 69 patients sera of human sparganosis were examined for their IgG subclass responses, IgG4 levels showed the highest reaction which was followed by IgG1. The IgG4 antibody also reacted mainly with 36-31 kDa protease. These results indicate that 36 kDa chymase of S. mansoni plerocercoid is the main antigenic component inducing IgG antibody response in early stage of experimental sparganosis and for specific IgG subclass reactions in human sparganosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Subcutaneous sparganosis--a case report and a review of human sparganosis in Taiwan.

Human sparganosis is a rare parasitic disease infected by plerocercoid larva (sparganum) of Spirometra species. It was usually diagnosed accidentally and has long been underestimated. In this report, we describe a 53-year-old woman presenting as an enlarging subcutaneous nodule in the right thigh for 3 months, which was excised in the belief that it was a lipoma. Characteristic sparganum accompanied by granulomatous inflammation, eosinophilic infiltrate and sinus tract in the subcutaneous tissue were discovered under microscopic examination of the excised tissue. Contaminated drinking water was presumed to be the infectious source. Complete excision is a curative treatment. We also review previously documented 19 human sparganosis in Taiwan to provide the clinical context for this report.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of sparganosis by county of origin in Florida feral swine.

Sparganosis is a parasitic infection in amphibians, reptiles and mammals including feral swine and man. It is caused by migration of the metacestode (spargana) of Spirometra. The primary objective of this study was the determination of the prevalence of gross sparganosis in Florida county of origin in slaughtered feral swine. Tracebacks to county of origin were conducted for Florida feral swine with and without gross sparganosis. Feral swine trapped in Florida and presented for slaughter in a Texas slaughter establishment from May to December 1999 was the sample population. Overall prevalence of sparganosis in Florida feral swine was 6.9%. Because Highlands county had the same prevalence, other counties were compared to it. Sparganosis was detected in 17 Florida counties. Swine originating from Osceola or Hillsborough counties (4.3 and 1.8% prevalence, respectively) had lower prevalence of sparganosis than in Highlands, whereas those from Marion county (21.7% prevalence) had a higher prevalence. Transmission to humans may occur via consumption of infected feral swine, other species of secondary intermediate hosts or the primary intermediate hosts.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2003

Sparganosis presenting as a lateral neck mass.

BACKGROUND: Cervical sparganosis is rare, and its rarity makes it difficult to be distinguished from tumors. A case of cervical sparganosis is reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: An 80-year-old man was initially seen with a painless lateral neck mass for 3 months, which was initially diagnosed as cervical lymphadenopathy. Laboratory studies revealed eosinophilia, and the patient recalled that he had frequently taken mountain water. Serologic study of human sparganosis by a monoclonal antibody-based competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was positive. Surgical excision was performed, and the sparganosis was confirmed by histologic examination. CONCLUSIONS: Sparganosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors, especially among patients who have frequently ingested mountain water and consumed raw snakes or frogs.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

A review of human sparganosis in Thailand.

BACKGROUND: Sparganosis is a zoonosis that occurs occasionally in humans. The infection is reported in many countries but is most common in eastern Asia. In Thailand, a southeast Asian country, the infection is sporadic. DESIGN: In this study the clinical presentations of human sparganosis cases in Thailand were investigated by means of a literature review. RESULTS: Reports of 34 cases of sparganosis were found. The infections were ocular (17 cases), subcutaneous (ten cases), central nervous system (five cases), auricular (one case), pulmonary (one case), intraosseous (one case) and intraperitoneal (one case). Of these 34 cases, 14 had risk behaviour reported, 12 had a history of drinking impure water, five had a history of eating frog or snake meat and two had a history of using frog or snake meat as a poultice. Some cases had more than one risk factor. CONCLUSION: Most cases of sparganosis in Thailand presented with superficial ocular mass lesions. The major risk behaviour in Thailand is drinking water contaminated with the infective organism. Some cases of serious deep visceral sparganosis have also been reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Cerebral sparganosis in a child.

Cerebral sparganosis in childhood is very rare. Until 1996, 2 cases in children up to 15 years of age had been described. We report a case of cerebral sparganosis in a 6-year-old girl who presented with seizures. Sequential brain magnetic resonance imaging scans spaced over 4 months showed a lesion which migrated from the right parieto-occipital region to the right occipital region. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antisparganum antibody was positive. She most likely contracted sparganosis from worm-infested spring-water. A live worm with surrounding granulomatous tissue was removed, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antisparganum antibody converted to negative 12 months following surgery. In areas of endemic sparganosis, the possibility of cerebral sparganosis should be considered, even in a child, if the patient shows a migrating granulomatous lesion.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Cerebral sparganosis mansoni--report of two cases].

Cerebral Sparganosis Mansoni is a very rare disease caused by a larva of Diphyllobothrium and so far, only two cases have been reported. Another two cases are presented in this paper. Case 1: A 64-year-old man was admitted presenting with hypovolition. He has eaten thunder fishes several years before. CT scan revealed an extensive low density area with an enhanced nodular mass around the right basal ganglia. An operation was carried out on the preoperative diagnosis of brain tumor and a granuloma was completely removed. His postoperative course was excellent. The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis. Case 2: The patients was 60-year-old male showing hypesthesia in the left half of his face. He has often been to South Korea where patients of Sparganosis Mansoni are often reported. Enhanced CT scan demonstrated a small nodular region in the tip of the left temporal lobe. Sparganum Mansoni was identified during surgery and a granuloma was also extirpated. His postoperative course was also excellent. In cases with cerebral parasitism by Sparganum Mansoni, CT scan shows an extensive low density area with a nodular enhancement, but no calcification nor cyst formation. It is quite difficult to differentiate sparganosis from cerebral tumors on CT and laboratory data preoperatively. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by postoperative histological examination. As for the treatment of this disease, no effective chemotherapy is now available and surgical excision is recommended. Actually, four cases with cerebral sparganosis including two of our own demonstrated a satisfactory prognosis by surgical treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Some Aspects Of Human Sparganosis In Korea.

Human sparganosis in Korea was discussed on the bases of five human cases experienced by the present authors and 58 case records already reported by many previous authors, in aspects of epidemiology and clinical features. Sparganosis is not infrequent tissue helminthiasis now in Korea and the incidence has been evidently increased during past 10 years. It might be interpreted that improved medical delivery system and health care exposed the hidden but prevalent disease. The distribution of sparganosis in Korea is apparently subdivided into three major endemic areas; Kyunggi Do, Kyungsang Do and Hamkyung Nam Do. Although scanty in other areas of Korea, the distribution of this disease is presumably throughout the whole peninsula of Korea except Cheju Do. The majority of human cases of sparganosis in Korea has revealed raw consuming of snakes for treatment of tuberculosis, syphilis and joint pain, for tonics and for the belief of special nutrition among very limited group of Korean population. Because of this kinds of mode of infection, comprising four fifths of all cases, the majority of cases detected were male adult consisting of about 70% of total cases. And drinking of untreated water in rural area where no protective, sanitary measures for water sources were provided in the past, seems another important causes of infection especially in women and children in Korea. Thus it may be concluded that sparganosis in Korea is concluded by eating of infective stages per os voluntarily or involuntarily, but not through the direct invasion. Clinically, subcutaneous mass or lump was the most frequent problem in those patients and those masses were associated with inflammatory signs. By the anatomical location of the lesion, some peculiar manifestations could be developed as in orbital, abdominal, urethral, ureteral and vertebral cases. And the lesions could be complicated by haemorrhage or abscess formations. The larval worms hitherto collected in Korea has been identified tentatively as Sparganum mansoni because neither branched larvae nor Sparganum proliferum were ever reported.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Serological Diagnosis Of Human Sparganosis By Means Of Micro-ELISA.

Seven cases of surgically proven sparganosis were serologically tested by means of micro ELISA for their specific IgG antibody levels. For that purpose, crude saline extract of spargana from snake, Natrix tigrina lateralis was prepared and used as antigen. The sparganosis sera were also tested with Paragonimus and Cysticercus antigens to observe the cross reactivity. A total of 71 sera from normal control, ectopic and pulmonary paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, cysticercosis and Taenia saginata cases were also included. Except for one case of old calcified infection, all of 6 human sparganosis showed higher serum levels of specific IgG antibody when the differential point of positive reaction was set at the absorbance value of 0.25 (the sensitivity being 85.7%). In control and other helminthic infections, all except 3 cases of T. saginata infection showed negative reaction to sparganum antigen (the specificity being 95.7%). None of sparganosis cases showed cross reactivity to Paragonimus and Cysticercus antigens. Undiluted cerebrospinal fluid also showed high levels of antibody when central nervous system was invaded. The serologic diagnosis by means of micro-ELISA could be a useful tool in epidemiological study of human sparganosis in susceptible population, as well as in individual diagnosis.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunodiagnosis of human sparganosis mansoni by micro-chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

We compared a microcolorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (colorimetric ELISA) and a microchemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (chemiluminescence ELISA) for the detection of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum of 9 patients with sparganosis mansoni and 9 healthy controls. The chemiluminescence ELISA was able to measure serum levels of specific IgG over a far wider range than the colorimetric assay, and its detection limit was at least 10-fold lower. An additional 5 sera from sparganosis patients and 5 more from healthy controls, together with sera from 28 patients with other parasitic diseases, were also examined by the chemiluminescence ELISA. All 14 patients with sparaganosis mansoni showed high levels of chemiluminescence (21,302 +/- 18,907 counts per second [cps]). All sera from the 14 healthy controls (1580 +/- 569 cps) and sera from 27 of the 28 patients with other parasites (4 with taeniasis saginata [1767 +/- 501 cps], 11 with diphyllobothriasis latum [1479 +/- 501 cps], 13 with cysticercosis cellulosae [2376 +/- 1437 cps]) showed chemiluminescence levels lower than those of any of the sparganosis mansoni patients. The exception was a patient with cysticercosis (5980 cps), who may have had a dual infection with Cysticercus cellulosae and Sparganum mansoni. Thus, the chemiluminescence ELISA demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for human sparganosis mansoni.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cutaneous sparganosis.

Sparganosis is an infection caused by migrating larvae of the cestode genus Spirometra. There have been approximately 62 cases of sparganosis reported in the United States. Although a subcutaneous mass is the most common manifestation, sparganosis is not well-described in the dermatology literature. We present a case of cutaneous sparganosis in a 52-year-old Filipino American woman. Histologically, the sections showed a granulomatous panniculitis and dermatitis containing a section of a sparganum. A transverse section of an intact sparganum reveals an eosinophilic cuticle, loose stroma, calcareous bodies, and smooth muscle fibers.

Female↗
PubMed2002

A seroepidemiologic survey for human sparganosis in Gangweon-do.

Gangweon-do is known to be highly endemic area of sparganosis more than other provinces in Korea. A seroepidmiologic examination for the detection of anti-Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid IgG in serum was carried out in normal inhabitants in Hongcheon-gun, Gangweon-do. Sere were tested by enzyme-linked immunosrobent assay (ELISA) for the anti-sparganum antibodies. Positive rate for anti-sparganum antibody in 719 adults was 3.3%. Data of the questionnaire for 24 ELISA positive inhabitants revealed that 20 had a history of eating raw meat of snakes, 24 had a history of eating frogs, and 24 had a history of drinking stream water. Two positive cases had a past history of sparganosis. Two positive cases showed current symptoms of sparganosis. The data revealed that ELISA would be useful to find infected cases among normal inhabitants at sparganosis-endemic areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A case of sparganosis mimicking a varicose vein.

Recent advances in radiological and serological techniques have enabled easier preoperative diagnosis of sparganosis. However, due to scarcity of cases, sparganosis has been often regarded as a disease of other etiologic origin unless the parasite is confirmed in the lesion. We experienced a case of sparganosis mimicking a varicose vein in terms of clinical manifestations and radiological findings. Sparganosis should be included among the list of differential diagnosis with the varicose vein.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Abdominal sparganosis in Ecuador: a case report.

Sparganosis, infection with plerocercoids of the pseudophyllidean tapeworm Spirometra, rarely has been described in Ecuador. We report the details of a human case of sparganosis identified serendipitously in the course of an abdominal hernia repair. The parasite was found moving freely upon the external oblique fascia adjacent to the site of a direct abdominal hernia. The organism was recovered intact, photographed while alive and preserved for subsequent detailed morphological studies. The presumed route of entry into this patient was percutaneous, after application of a poultice of snake flesh to the site of a painful abdominal hernia. The literature on sparganosis in South America is reviewed. This is the second case of human sparganosis reported from Ecuador.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2000

Parasitic lesion of the insula suggesting cerebral sparganosis: case report.

Cerebral sparganosis, a parasitic disease, rarely produces a chronic active inflammatory response in the brain. Clinically and radiographically the process may mimic a neoplasm. We report a 30-year-old man who underwent surgical exploration for a mass in the insular cortex. Histology revealed a densely fibrotic mass heavily infiltrated with plasma cells and lymphocytes, in which were embedded parasitic forms consistent with sparganosis. We describe the MRI appearances and pathologic features. Intracranial mass lesions secondary to sparganosis must be considered in patients with a history of travel to endemic areas, especially Asia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Subcutaneous and musculoskeletal sparganosis: imaging characteristics and pathologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE: To document the imaging characteristics of subcutaneous and musculoskeletal sparganosis. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Ten patients with musculoskeletal sparganosis were examined, with a variety of imaging modalities including MRI (n=6), ultrasonography (n=8), plain radiography (n=7) and CT (n=1). Pathologic correlation was carried out in all cases. RESULTS: Nine lesions involved soft tissues, of which seven were in the thigh, two in the trunk and one involved a vertebral body. The majority of the lesions in soft tissue were confined to the subcutaneous layer but two extended deep into underlying muscles. Sonography revealed low-echoic serpiginous tubular tracts (8/8), and an intraluminal echogenic structure (4/8). MRI revealed multiple serpiginous tubular tracts and peripheral rim enhancement. Two patients showed perilesional soft tissue edema. Pathologically, the lesion consisted of a larva surrounded by three layers of inflammation: an inner epithelioid granulomatous cell layer, middle chronic inflammatory cell layers, and an outer fibrous layer. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that if serpiginous tubular tracts are seen at imaging studies, musculoskeletal sparganosis should be included in the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral sparganosis: case report and review.

Sparganosis is a rare infection caused by a tapeworm larva from the genus Spirometra. A 21-year-old Indian man presented with an 18-month history of episodic confusion followed by a grand mal seizure. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain confirmed the presence of a lesion of the left occipital lobe. Subsequent stereotactic biopsy revealed a plerocercoid larva or sparganum. Surgical resection resulted in cure. This case prompted a review of the literature on central nervous system sparganosis. Altogether, 17 other cases of primary cerebral sparganosis have been reported previously. Seizures, headache, and focal neurologic signs are common at presentation. Neuroradiologic imaging is sensitive but not specific for the identification of lesions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of cerebrospinal fluid or serum may be diagnostically helpful. However, the diagnosis is generally made after surgical resection, which is usually curative.

Adult↗