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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Clinical use of the Sonic Air MM 1500 and the Meca Sonic 1400 in canal preparation in endodontics].

INTRODUCTION: The preparation for canalisation has remained manual for a long time, technically constrictive and lasting for a long time. The application of ultrasound in Endontony allows us to tackle more calmly the canal course of the teath. The aim of this work is to make a qualitative comparison of the endosonic technique and the manual technique with reference to cases treated in the Dentisterie Opératoire clinic in Dakar. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 40 teeth of a complex canal anatomy and or in the posterior position in the buccal cavity were submitted to either a manual canalisation preparation or endosconic followed by monconic canal filling with a paste: 3 inc oxyde eugenol and iodoform. OPERATING FORMULA: Preparatory X rays: Allow us to evaluate the length of the work or the operating length after catheterisation: LO--length PRO, APEX RADIO-IMM LO--operating length PRO - occlusive point of reference The parietal support technique: The "synergetic" effect of ultrasonic oscillations of cavitation and of micro-acoustic currents associated with the action of the irrigation solution allow us to obtain canal incision. INSTRUMENTS: the pneumatic Sonic Air MM 1500; the Meca Sonic MMR 1400 coupled to a standard ISO motor; SHAPERS and Meca Shapers. Activated by shaper or Méca Shaper. Classic monoconic canal filling: Wadding paste + zinc oxyde paste-iodoform eugenol. X rays for orthocentric monitoring. RESULTS--DISCUSSION: In 60% of the cases treated, the patients presented with a complete dentition. The third inferior molar was in almost all the cases, the cause of the patient seeking a dental consultation. By endosonic treatment-conservation of teeth which would otherwise have been destined for extraction; biopulectomy or instituted pulpectomy for cases of desdodontite, endosconic amplication and canal sealing after the cooling of the inflammation. Duration of treatment: 2 sessions for gangrenous cases or desmodondite and one session for biopulpectomy or pulpectomy, with 4 sessions in 10% of the cases. Operation times: Saving of time of 40-50%. If a second session was necessary, 15-20 minutes was sufficient. Incidents or accidents during or after the operation: breakage of instruments, post-operative inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION: better distribution of the irrigation solution, lessening of the risk of infection, better quality of the state of the canal surface, reduction in operating time, precision and reliability, conservation of teeth which would otherwise have been extracted, as many of the elements which encourages the appreciation of ultrasound in endodonty.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed1977

Adenine nucleotide transport in sonic submitochondrial particles. Kinetic properties and binding of specific inhibitors.

1. A procedure for preparation of sonic submitochondrial particles competent for adenine nucleotide transport is described. ADP or ATP transport was assayed, in the presence of oligomycin, in a saline medium made of 0.125 M KCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM 4-morpholinopropane sulfonic acid buffer, pH 6.5. 2. Sonic particles transport ADP and ATP by an exchange diffusion process. Externally added ADP (or ATP) is exchanged with internal ADP and ATP with a stoichiometry of one to one. The V value for ADP transport 5 degrees C was between 2 and 3 nmol/min per mg protein. 3. The transport system in sonic particles is specific for ADP and ATP. It is strongly dependent on temperature. The activation energy between 0 and 9 degrees C is approx. 35 kcal/mol. The optimum pH is 6.5, 4, Like in intact mitochondria, externally added ADP is transported into sonic particles faster at a given concentration than externally added ATP. The V value for ADP transport is 1.5-2 times higher than the V value for ATP transport. 5. The transition from the energized to the deenergized state in sonic particles results in a decrease of the pH gradient across the membrane (internal pH less than external pH) and in a 2-4 fold increase in the Km value for ATP. This latter effect is opposite that found for transport of added ATP in intact mitochondria (Souverijn, J.H.M., Huisman, L.A., Rosing J. and Kemp, Jr., A. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 305, 185-198). Energization has no effect on the V value of ATP transport in sonic particles. 6. In contrast to intact mitochondria, inhibition of ADP transport in sonic particles by bongkrekic acid does not have any lag-time and does not depend on pH. The inhibition caused by bongkrekic acid is a mixed type inhibition with a Ki value of 1.2 micronM. Atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside do not inhibit ADP transport in sonic particles, unless the particles have been preloaded with these inhibitors during the sonication. 7. Palmityl-CoA added to sonic particles inhibits efficiently ADP transport. The mixed type inhibition found with palmityl-CoA has a Ki value of 1.6 micronM. 8. [3H]Bongkrekic acid binds to sonic particles readily and with high affinity. Bongkrekic acic binding to sonic particles does not depend on pH and it has a saturation plateau, corresponding approximately to 1.3 mol of site per mol of cytochrome a. The number of [3H]atracytloside binding sites is much lower (one-fifth of the bongkrekic acid). External carboxyatractyloside does not compete with [3H]bongkrekic acid for binding to sonic particles. However, when carboxyatractyloside is present inside the particles, it inhibits the binding of [3H]bongkrekic acid.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1975

[Changes of pulse rate caused by sonic bomms during sleep (author's transl)].

In two experimental series (19 resp. 53 nights, 2 different persons in each series, test-time 10.30 p.m. to 3.00 a.m.) pulse rate after sonic booms had been recorded during sleep. In the first 3 nights the subjects slept undisturbed by noise. In the following 11 resp. 30 nights sonic booms were applied alternately 2 or 4 times. In the main series after 10 more nights without any noise 4 nights with 8 and 16 sonic booms alternately followed. The last 6 undisturbed nights in both series were used as comparison phase. The interval between two sonic booms was 40 min in nights with 2 booms, 20 min in nights with 4 sonic booms and in the nights with 8 and 16 sonic booms 8.6 resp. 4.6 min. Sound level of the sonic booms ranged from 0.48 mbar to 1.45 mbar, 1 mbar [83.5 dB (A)] in the average. The first sonic boom was applied if one of the two subjects had entered the deepest stage of sleep. Sonic booms induced a biphasic reaction in pulse rate. After an initial increase in frequency with a maximum in the 4th sec pulse rate decreased below the value before sonic boom; it was followed by a slow increase towards the baseline value. This reaction was analysed with special regard to the following factors: 1. Intensity. Due to very fast increase of noise intensity there was no significant correlation between the intensity of sonic boom and the pulse reaction. 2. Exogenic variables. There is no significant connection between postboom pulse rate and noiseless time before the sonic boom, the duration of the test series and the ambient temperature. 3. Endogenic variables. No correlation could be found between the stage of sleep and the reaction. On the contrary a very significant correlation was found between the maximum of postboom increase of pulse rate and the pulse rate before boom. With increasing pulse rate the extent of reaction becomes smaller.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1991

A sonicate of Reiter treponemes used as sorbing agent in the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test.

A sonicate of Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter (Reiter treponemes) was used as sorbing agent in parallel with sorbent in the FTA-ABS test. By diluting the Reiter treponemal antigens in approximately 0.5 M NaCl, the Reiter sonicate could be produced in sufficient quantities for its use in routine FTA-ABS. In crossed immunoelectrophoresis against a rabbit anti-Reiter immunoglobulin, 40 Reiter antigens were detectable in the sonicate and only one in the sorbent. The diluted sonicate and the sorbent had similar osmolarity and almost similar pH. FTA-ABS with sonicate and sorbent had similar sensitivity in untreated early and late syphilis. Only in treated early syphilis was non-reactivity usually obtained somewhat earlier with sonicate than with sorbent. Both FTA-ABS with sonicate and sorbent had a specificity near 98%. It is concluded that replacement of sorbent with sonicate in the routine FTA-ABS test would increase the costs without substantial improvements of the test.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Inactivation of viruses and bacteria by ozone, with and without sonication.

Selected organisms with public health significance were placed in a reaction chamber for treatment by ozonation, by ozonation and sonication, by sonication, or by sonication during oxygenation. Vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, GDVII virus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhimurium, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Shigella flexneri were inactivated by treatment with ozone. When microorganisms were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline, they were inactivated rapidly by treatment with ozone. However, microorganisms suspended in secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant required longer contact times with ozone for complete inactivation. Simultaneous treatments by ozonation and sonication reduced the contact time for complete inactivation of microorganisms in secondary effluent. Treatment by sonication alone or sonication and oxygenation did not inactivate microorganisms. Therefore, the simultaneous treatment of microorganisms in secondary effluent with ozone and sonication resulted in a synergistic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effect of sonicated serum on growth of normal and leukaemic human cells in agar cultures.

The existence of circulating factors in blood of possible importance for granulopoiesis was investigated by examining the effect of sonicated serum on agar cultures of human haematopoietic cells. Ultrasound treatment of serum can activate enzymes normally bound to carrier proteins. In normal bone marrow cultures, growth was inhibited by sonicated serum when the cells were cultured in a single layer without exogenous colony-stimulating factor (CSF) included in the culture, while an enhancing effect with a 2--5 fold increase in the number of colonies was seen in feeder layer-stimulated cultures. Morphologically, in contrast to the normal change to eosinophils and monocytes-macrophages during the culture period, the cultures with sonicated serum added showed continuous growth of neutrophils and no increase of other cell types. Experiments using tritiated thymidine indicated that the enhancing effect of sonicated serum involved marrow cells which were more prone to thymidine S-phase kill. The effect of sonicated serum was further evaluated in cultures from patients with leukaemia. In AML in relapse, feeder-layer stimulated cultures of bone marrow cells were inhibited (11/14 cases) by sonicated serum, while reversion to the normal enhancing pattern was seen for patients in remission.

Blood↗
PubMed1991

The effects of sonication on alpha-crystallin.

Sonication of bovine alpha-crystallin increases its molecular mass from around 770 kDa to in excess of 2,300 kDa. Exposure to 2M urea or 0.1 M glycine pH 7, did not affect the size of the sonicated protein, indicating that it did not consist of dimers and higher polymers of the original molecule. Sonication of a mixture of alpha-crystallins labelled on the A chain sulphydryl group with either an aminonaphthalene or a fluorescein chromophore, generated a product exhibiting substantial energy transfer. The average distance between the probes was calculated to be 5 nm. These observations suggest that sonication has generated a new quaternary structure, incorporating subunits from two or more different alpha-crystallin molecules. No significant differences were observed in the microenvironments of tryptophan residues although those in the sonicated protein could be more easily exposed by controlled denaturation with urea. A small decrease was observed in the quenchability of a fluorescent probe attached to the sulphydryl group and a small increase in the uptake of an hydrophobic probe. These data suggest that sonication may have altered the conformation of the subunits at, or near the surface of the protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Interaction of ultrasound with neoplastic tissue. II. Systemic effects after local sonic irradiation.

Local sonic irradiation was applied to subcutaneously implanted Furth-Columbia rat Wilms' tumor. The weight and the rate of tritiated thymidine uptake were measured in host organs distal to the application field. Kidney and spleen weights were inhibited by the Wilms' tumor, and sonication of the tumor removed all or part of this inhibition. Liver weight was increased after sonication of tumor-bearing rats but not in nontumor-bearing rats. This may have been a response to tumor-specific substances released into the circulation by sonic destruction of tumor tissue. The adrenals enlarged as a response to the stresses of both tumor-bearing and of sonication. Animals were implanted on both sides with the Wilms' tumor and on without any break in the growth curve while the sonicated right tumor was inhibited. These data suggest that the therapeutic effect of ultrasound is due solely to local factors and that systemic sequelae of some irradiation are unrelated to tumor inhibition.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Effects of ultrasonic and sonic scalers on dental plaque microflora in vitro and in vivo.

The effects of ultrasonic and sonic scalers on the subgingival microflora were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro investigation, 27 plaque samples collected from periodontal pockets were submitted to ultrasonic and sonic vibrations for 10, 30 and 60 s. Bacterial suspensions were examined by darkfield microscopy to detect qualitative changes and cultured to evaluate the total number of cultivable bacteria. Microscopic counts following both instrumentations showed a decrease in the proportions of spirochetes and motile rods and an increase in the % of coccoids and rods. The changes were directly related to the time-period of instrumentation. Comparison between both types of instrumentation showed significant differences and more pronounced changes were observed with the ultrasonic than the sonic scaler. Spirochetes and motile rods were reduced to approximately 0.1% after ultrasonic treatment versus 24.7% after sonic instrumentation. Cultural observations showed a marked increase in total number of colony-forming units following both treatments. The clinical investigation included 66 periodontal pockets which were instrumented subgingivally for 10 and 30 s with ultrasonic or sonic scalers. Qualitative changes were similar to those observed in vitro, i.e., reduction in spirochete and motile rod counts as well as the other morphotypes with an increase in coccoid cells. Total counts of bacteria were reduced following debridement. No difference in the microscopic or cultural data was found between ultrasonic and sonic instrumentation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A defined molecular-weight distribution of deoxyribonucleic acid after extensive sonication.

Concentrated solutions of low-molecular-weight DNA (Mw=35000) with a known molecular-weight distribution can be prepared in several hours, and require no additional fractionation procedures. This is achieved by sonication of the DNA in 1.0 M-NaCl at high power at 0--2 degrees C. No denaturation of the DNA is detectable, even after 8h of continuous sonication. After 2h, the molecular-weight distribution of the total DNA sample is that of the most probably Schulz distribution, described by-Mn:-Mw:-Mz ...=1:2:3 ...etc. Such a molecular-weight distribution is expected for a random break-up of indefinitely long macromolecules and indicates that the sonication process is essentially by random double-strand scission. DNA was also sonicated in the presence of ligands capable of modifying the DNA tertiary structure. The results support the idea that inflexibility of the DNA is required for efficient sonic degradation.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1992

Non-invasive evaluation of pulmonary arterial and right ventricular pressures with contrast enhanced Doppler signals of tricuspid regurgitation flow using sonicated albumin solution.

To determine the feasibility of the non-invasive determination of systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle in pediatric patients, the velocity of tricuspid regurgitation was measured in 30 patients using a contrast enhanced Doppler echocardiography. After sonicated albumin injection, trivial tricuspid regurgitation signals were enhanced in 27 patients (90%). Peak systolic velocity was not altered by before and after sonicated albumin injection in 2 patients. Right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure obtained by continuous wave Doppler during sonicated albumin enhancement corresponded very closely to that measured by catheter in 27 patients (r = 0.96). In 27 patients, difference of estimation of RV systolic pressure by non-enhanced Doppler and enhanced Doppler with sonicated albumin was statistically significant (32.3 +/- 27.6 mmHg versus 2.9 +/- 7.7 mmHg p < 0.001). Systolic pressure of pulmonary artery was estimated by RV systolic pressure measurement (by enhanced Doppler method) minus peak pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve (non-enhanced Doppler method). Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure measured by enhanced Doppler method and that by catheter method were highly significant (sonicated albumin method, r = 0.95). This technique may be a valuable non-invasive method for determining an accurate right ventricular and pulmonary arterial systolic pressures in this setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Application of DNA sonication in the study of reassociation kinetics].

Single-stranded breaks arising is DNA under sonication divide the molecule in short double-stranded regions of lengths depending on sonication conditions. The reassociation rate of DNA with single-stranded breaks is considerably lowered as compared with intact DNA of the same length. For sonicated DNA the slowing of reassociation and the deflection to higher orders of C(o)t of the reaction is observed at the late stages. Further process of sonication occurs likely on single-stranded breaks and DNA fragments obtained as a result of infinite sonication are practically intact. Reassociation of DNA, degraded to a "saturation", proceeds as a second order reaction in precise accordance with the obtained fragment length.

DNA↗
PubMed1991

Sonication provides maximal recovery of staphylococcus epidermidis from slime-coated vascular prosthetics.

Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) prosthetic vascular graft infections are often difficult to detect. A reliable culture method is needed so that appropriate therapeutic decisions can be initiated in a timely fashion. Sonication of graft material has been proposed as a method of enhancing bacterial recovery. Theoretically, however, this could cause cell lysis and false-negative culture results. Several methods of obtaining bacterial cultures were compared to determine the best method of quantitative bacterial recovery from infected graft material. Polytetrafluoroetehylene (PTFE) and knitted Dacron graft segments (n = 192) were exposed to a slime-producing strain of S. epidermidis or Escherichia coli (E. coli) at four different bacterial concentrations. Recovery of bacteria from the segments was then compared using three different methods to obtain organisms. One-third of the segments were pressed directly onto the agar to transfer bacteria while the other two-thirds were placed in broth and then either sonicated or vortexed prior to plating onto agar. The direct technique was significantly less effective (P less than 0.01) at recovering bacteria than either sonicating or vortexing for both graft materials at bacterial concentrations of 10, 10(2), and 10(4) CFU/ml of S. epidermidis. Sonication was significantly better at recovery from either material at 10(2) and 10(4) CFU/ml of S. epidermidis than vortexing (P less than 0.05). E. coli graft adherence was poor, and significant recovery occurred only at 10(8) CFU/ml. Sonication is necessary to maximally recover S. epidermidis from infected prosthetic grafts.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic value of measuring BCG sonicate antigen and anti-BCG antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of patients with tuberculous meningitis.

Fourteen cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and paired blood samples were obtained from patients with tuberculous meningitis, seven with positive culture and seven clinical/laboratory diagnosis. Another 14 paired specimens served as control, including 7 infectious meningitis and 7 non-inflammatory neurological diseases. Four groups were thus classified, including confirmed and suspected patients, and controls with infectious meningitis and neurological diseases. Measurements of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) sonicate antigen and IgG antibody were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Generally, CSF BCG sonicate antigen level and anti-BCG sonicate antibody of patients with tuberculosis meningitis were higher than in control groups; greater antigen levels were found in confirmed patients than in non-inflammatory subjects (p less than 0.05), and in suspected patients than in infectious and non-inflammatory subjects (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01). For serum anti-BCG sonicate levels, confirmed patients had higher antibody value than non-inflammatory subjects (p less than 0.05). To conclude, detection of high levels of both BCG sonicate antigen and antibody in CSF and blood samples shows great value in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. However, given the limited samples of the current research, more data are needed to elucidate the sensitivity and specificity of such tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Sonication as a tool for the study of adenylyl cyclase activity.

The technique of sonication was applied in studying adenylyl cyclase activity of cultured fibroblasts. Exposure of BHK 21 c/13 to brief periods of low power sonication gives cell preparations with greater basal, fluoride and hormone sensitive adenylyl cyclase activites than those of broken cell preparations of homogenized cells. The sonicated cells provide a convenient method to study adenylyl cyclase since they are added directly to the adenylyl cyclase reaction vessels without further processing. Maximal epinephrine stimulated activity in sonicated cells is nearly equivalent to that activated by sodium fluoride, but the apparent affinity of the enzyme system is similar to that of broken cell preparations. Furthermore, broken cell preparations of sonicated cells possess greater adenylyl cyclase activity than broken cell preparations of unsonicated cells. This procedure may provide a useful tool for the analysis of the hormonal regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity of isolated cells.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1992

Comparative in vitro studies of sonic, ultrasonic and reciprocating scaling instruments.

Flat root surface areas of formalin-stored mandibular incisors with plaque and calculus were scaled by sonic (PHATELUS SONIC SCALER, SONIC FLEX 2000, TITAN-S SONIC SCALER) or ultrasonic instruments (HYGIENIST ULTRASONIC SCALER, CAVITRON) or by a new reciprocating scaling insert for the EVA/PROFIN system. The test areas were photographed by SEM and coded micrographs were independently graded by three examiners using the RCI (Remaining Calculus Index) and the RLTSI (Roughness Loss of Tooth Substance Index). The findings revealed that the sonic scalers as a group removed calculus more completely but also left significantly more roughness and loss of tooth substance than the other instruments tested. No difference was seen between the two ultrasonic scalers. The reciprocating insert gave results similar to those of the ultrasonic except for the scaling time which was significantly longer for the new "cleansing principle".

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed1992

Neutrophil responses to intravascular pneumococcal sonicate.

Leukopenia and pulmonary leukostasis are prominent features in patients succumbing to pneumococcal (PNC) infections. We examined mechanisms involved in recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into pulmonary capillaries and alveolae after PNC sonicate injection. We showed that by 15 min postinjection, PMN chemotactic activity was found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and increased with time until the end point of the study at 90 min. Accompanying the increased chemotactic activity in BAL fluids was a decrease in circulating PMNs more pronounced in the femoral artery (FA) than the pulmonary artery (PA). Superoxide anion (O2-) production by peripheral PMNs was depressed following PNC sonicate injection, and comparison of FA and PA showed that FA PMNs produced less O2- than PA PMNs. PA PMNs also showed enhanced random migration when compared to the depressed random migration of FA PMNs. This study demonstrated that an intravascular challenge of PNC sonicate was associated with increased chemotactic activity for PMNs in BAL fluid. Fewer PMNs and altered PMN function resulted from passage through the pulmonary microvasculature after PNC sonicate injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Identification of fibrin oligomers in sonicated fibrin clots.

Clots of bovine fibrin, with both coarse and fine structure, and ligated to different extents by fibrinoligase, have been broken up by ultrasonic agitation and the sonicates have been examined by ultracentrifugal sedimentation. Sonication is followed by gross aggregation of the fragments unless guanidine hydrochloride is introduced (order of 1 M). In that case, sonicates of gamma-ligated fine clots contain two species whose sedimentation coefficients correspond to fibrin monomer and an oligomer with twice the monomer cross-section area and at least 20 monomer units, presumably with the structure of lateral dimerization with staggered overlapping. If the gamma ligation is incomplete, shorter oligomers are identified. The monomer and oligomer with degree of polymerization greater than 20 appear also in sonicates of coarse clots, but in smaller amounts, the principal product consisting of larger aggregates. The implications of these results with respect to metastability of the fine clot and the pattern of polymerization are discussed.

Animals↗