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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS) for women: development and validation.

Four studies were conducted to develop and validate the Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS), a measure of sexual assertiveness in women that consists of factors measuring initiation, refusal, and pregnancy-sexually transmitted disease prevention assertiveness. A total of 1,613 women from both university and community populations were studied. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the 3 factors remained stable across samples of university and community women. A structural model was tested in 2 samples, indicating that sexual experience, anticipated negative partner response, and self-efficacy are consistent predictors of sexual assertiveness. Sexual assertiveness was found to be somewhat related to relationship satisfaction, power, and length. The community sample was retested after 6 months and 1 year to establish test-retest reliability. The SAS provides a reliable instrument for assessing and understanding women's sexual assertiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Underdevelopment and the political economy of malnutrition and ill health.

This article applies Marx's abstract subdivision of social consumption to the prevailing patterns of capital accumulation in the Third World. Built-in scarcities in the availability of necessary consumer goods, alongside patterns of overconsumption and social waste by the upper-income groups, are conducive to conditions of mass poverty, malnutrition, and disease that coexist with small pockets of social privilege and affluence. Malnutrition and ill health must be understood and analyzed in relation to the dual and divided structure of social consumption: necessities of life as opposed to luxury and semi-luxury goods. The relationship between capital accumulation, the distribution of money income, and patterns of malnutrition and ill health is analyzed. It is shown that patterns of malnutrition and ill health are socially differentiated, and the core disease pattern in Third World social formations is discussed in relation to the material and social conditions of life which generate ill health and which underlie particular patterns of peripheral capital accumulation. The study focuses on empirical procedures for analyzing the relationship between levels of money income and levels of calorie and protein intake. An appendix outlines a methodology for estimating undernourishment in urban areas from household budget surveys.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Family environment, affect, ambivalence and decisions about unplanned adolescent pregnancy.

This study investigated the relationships among family environment, demographic measures, the decisions made by unintentionally pregnant adolescents regarding postdelivery plans and the certainty with which these decisions were made. Subjects were 175 pregnant adolescents, ages 14 through 22, who intended to carry their pregnancies to term. Greater uncertainty was associated with living with both natural parents or with mother only. Higher levels of negative affect were related to lower levels of perceived family cohesion, independence, expressiveness, and intellectual-cultural orientation. Age, trimester of pregnancy, and family constellation also were related to levels of negative affect. Discriminant analysis revealed that subjects choosing adoption were more likely to be older and to be white than were those choosing to keep the child. They also tended to perceive higher levels of expressiveness and independence in their families. The implications of these findings for the delivery of services and for future research efforts in this area are discussed.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1997

Measurement of condom use self-efficacy and outcome expectancies in a geographically diverse group of STD patients.

The aim of this project was to conduct an initial evaluation among sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients of the psychometric properties of two instruments: the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) multisite condom use self-efficacy scale and the NIMH multisite condom use outcome expectancy scale. The condom use self-efficacy scale was designed to measure one's degree of confidence in various aspects of condom use, whereas the outcome expectancy scale was designed to measure one's belief about the consequences of using condoms. Using a sample of 641 patients from five geographically diverse STD clinics in the eastern United States, initial reliability coefficients were computed. The alpha coefficient for the self-efficacy scale was .91 and for the outcome expectancy scale .88, indicating high internal consistency for both scales. Both scales were analyzed using common factor analytic procedures. Five factors emerged from the analysis of the self-efficacy scale and six factors from the analysis of the outcome expectancy scale. Reliability coefficients for the individual factors ranged from .76 to .86. Construct validity of each scale was assessed by hypothesis testing. As predicted, participants with higher levels of self-efficacy and more positive outcome expectancies were more likely to use condoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[The contribution of Jacob Lévy Moreno].

meeting of two days organized has happened at the Chartreuse C.H.S., the 24th and the 25th of March 1983, to give homage to J.-L. Moreno , founder of the groupe dynamic and of the psychodrama, insufficiently honoured in France, it looks. Living exchanges have allowed us to draw the mean lines of his technical innovations based of spontaneousity since "the empty chair", "the doble " and "the upsetting of parts", till the sociometric diagram allowing to locate the interactions in the groupe . Then, the different extensions of the therapeutical psychodrama have been developed, practiced since 35 years in Saint- Venant and in Dijon , according to a original method different with nevrosed illmen and with psychotic patients, those one profiting of "intermediate objects", making easier the relationships. The theater, the groupe psychanalyse , or more recently the development of technics makings intervention of somatic and bio- energetical dimension, have settled fruisful extension of the Moreno 's initiative. It is necessary to locate these activities in the universal and humanist context and in the "living will" of the author.

Group Processes↗