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Results for “Society for Health and Human Values”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Health care ethics consultation: nature, goals, and competencies. A position paper from the Society for Health and Human Values-Society for Bioethics Consultation Task Force on Standards for Bioethics Consultation.

Patients, families, and health care providers have a right to expect that ethics consultants can deal competently with the complex issues that they are asked to address. The Society for Health and Human Values-Society for Bioethics Consultation Task Force on Standards for Bioethics Consultation explored core competencies and related issues in ethics consultation. This position paper summarizes the content of the resulting Task Force Report, which included nine general conclusions: 1) U.S. societal context makes "ethics facilitation" an appropriate approach to ethics consultation; 2) ethics facilitation requires certain core competencies; 3) core competencies can be acquired in various ways; 4) individual consultants, teams, or committees should have the core competencies for ethics consultation; 5) consult services should have policies that address access, patient notification, documentation, and case review; 6) abuse of power and conflicts of interest must be avoided; 7) ethics consultation must have institutional support; 8) evaluation of process, outcomes, and competencies is needed; and 9) certification of individuals and accreditation of programs are rejected.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1995

Physician-assisted suicide: toward a comprehensive understanding. Report of the Task Force on Physician-assisted Suicide of the Society for Health and Human Values.

This article is a modified version of the report of a 1992 task force established by the Society for Health and Human Values (SHHV) to develop a statement on physician-assisted suicide reflecting the concerns and attitudes of its members, who are health professionals and scholar-teachers concerned about the values dimensions of medicine. The report is not a set of position statements but instead a two-part series of explanations and questions that promote a thorough and searching examination of the issue of physician-assisted suicide and the diverse and sometimes opposing views that responsible people can have on that issue. Part I consists of five topics and the questions related to them that physicians should ask themselves before establishing a policy on assisted suicide. The topics examined in depth in these sections are the moral status of suicide; clinical and epidemiological aspects of suicide; the relevance of voluntary choice; the nature of professional duty; and social implications. Part II concerns questions that would be advisable for patients to contemplate to be sure they have thoroughly thought through their requests for suicide assistance. The report closes by asserting that discussion and debate on this issue are desirable, that medical education should introduce students to the skills of palliative and hospice care and all methods of sharing control over medical decisions with the patient and family, and that educators should address the full range of questions related to assisted suicide rather than only those oriented toward a single position or discipline.

Double Effect Principle↗
PubMed2001

The Institute on Human Values in Medicine: its role and influence in the conception and evolution of bioethics.

For ten years, 1971-1981, the Institute on Human Values in Medicine (IHVM) played a key role in the development of Bioethics as a field. We have written this history and analysis to bring to new generations of Bioethicists information about the development of their field within both the humanities disciplines and the health professions. The pioneers in medical humanities and ethics came together with medical professionals in the decade of the 1960s. By the 1980s Bioethics was a fully recognized discipline. We show the role that IHVM programs played in defining the field, training faculty and helping schools to develop programs. We review, the beginnings of the IHVM in the crucible of social and technological change that led to the establishment of the IHVM's parent organization, the Society for Health and Human Values. We then turn to the IHVM programs through which Faculty members received fellowships to explore new crossovers between the humanities and the health professions. We have not only described the Fellows Program as it existed in 1973-1980, but have completed a survey of the fellows a quarter of a century after they held their fellowships. We describe other IHVM programs designed to facilitate the initiation and development of new humanities programs, to explore conceptual issues between medicine and five humanities fields, to conduct issue driven or educational method conferences and to advance humanities programs into graduate education through the Directors of Medical Education.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2004

Law and ethics in population health.

This paper proposes an action agenda to assure healthier and safer populations. First, create a strong public health infrastructure with sustainable funding and secure foundations--a well-trained workforce, modern data systems, rapid disease surveillance, and laboratory capacity. Second, use law as a tool for the public's health - tax and spend to create incentives for health, alter the informational and built environments to reduce risk behaviours, lower socio-economic disparities to improve health, regulate for the public's welfare, pursue tort litigation to innovate for safety, and deregulate to reduce harm. Third, create a new public health ethic in society that truly values human health--advocate for a renewed commitment to the ideals of community and partnership, and stress citizens' duties to help and protect their fellow human beings.

Government Regulation↗
PubMed2002

Complexities in ETS-domain transcription factor function and regulation: lessons from the TCF (ternary complex factor) subfamily. The Colworth Medal Lecture.

The ETS-domain transcription factor family can be divided into a series of subfamilies. Elk-1 represents the founding member of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. By focusing on the TCF subfamily, we can demonstrate the complexities that exist in the function and regulation of ETS-domain transcription factors. This article focuses on Elk-1 in detail and summarizes the functions of other TCFs. The key themes covered include the domain structure of the TCFs, the mechanisms of complex formation with serum response factor, regulation of TCFs by mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and transcriptional regulatory properties of the TCFs. Finally, the emerging role of the TCFs in vivo is discussed. A picture is developing indicating that, while these proteins exhibit significant sequence and functional conservation, key differences in their structure and regulation are being identified which may relate to unique functions of these proteins in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

What ethicists talk about when they talk about managed care.

Defining the values at stake as we move into managed care is an awesome--yet necessary--endeavor. To help sort things out, the Society for Health and Human Values brought together health care ethicists and medical humanists to discuss how human values are being incorporated into health care reform. Here's an excerpt from that conversation.

Ethicists↗
PubMed1978

[Political aspects. Prevention and political realities].

Present health legislation in Switzerland is largely concerned with the protection of our inhabitants from biological, chemical and physical risk of the environment. More and more it extends to economic aspects and to the behavior of the individual. Also in this respect a legal basis not only for the coverage of the consequences but also for the prevention of ill health is needed. Responsible citizens of our nation devoted to freedom and democracy merit that such a basis does rely as little as possible on bureaucratic enforcement but mainly on information and health education, controlled by science and experience and oriented towards the human needs and values of our society.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1993

The educational philosophies behind the medical humanities programs in the United States: an empirical assessment of three different approaches to humanistic medical education.

This study investigates the three major educational philosophies behind the medical humanities programs in the United States. It summarizes the characteristics of the Cultural Transmission Approach, the Affective Developmental Approach, and the Cognitive Developmental Approach. A questionnaire was sent to 415 teachers of medical humanities asking for their perceptions of the amount of time and effort devoted by their programs to these three philosophical approaches. The 234 responses constituted a 54.6% return. The approximately 80:20 gender ratio of males to females and other demographic data on age and educational background were consistent with other studies of the field of medical humanities. Reflections on the results in Table II indicate that some changes need to take place in the teaching of the medical humanities if the perceived ideal is to be achieved. In order for the current teachers of the medical humanities to think that the appropriate philosophies behind the teaching of the medical humanities are being implemented as they should be, much less time and effort need to be devoted to the Cultural Transmission Approach. With no other published reports on the educational philosophies behind the medical humanities programs, this study created a new knowledge base about this relatively young and rapidly emerging field.

Education, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Possibilities of standardized methodology for evaluating the society- and function-related characterization of the individual health status of senior citizens].

The present paper is a revised form of the report given at the Xth Congress of the Society for Gerontology of the GDR. Starting from an understanding of health expanded by the (objective) relation person-to-society, a general, introducing representation is given on the kind and tasks of the function-related evaluation methodology, on methodological problems connected therewith, and on essential fields of applications and their bounds.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Justice at work and reduced risk of coronary heart disease among employees: the Whitehall II Study.

BACKGROUND: Justice is a fundamental value in human societies, but its effect on health is poorly described. We examined justice at work as a predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort study of 6442 male British civil servants aged 35 to 55 years without prevalent CHD at baseline in phase 1 (1985-1988). Baseline screening included measurements of conventional risk factors. Perceived justice at work and other work-related psychosocial factors were determined by means of questionnaire at phases 1 and 2 (1989-1990). Follow-up for CHD death, first nonfatal myocardial infarction, or definite angina occurring from phase 2 through 1999 was based on medical records (mean follow-up, 8.7 years). RESULTS: Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age and employment grade showed that employees who experienced a high level of justice at work had a lower risk of incident CHD than employees with a low or an intermediate level of justice (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.89). The hazard ratio did not materially change after additional adjustment for baseline cholesterol concentration, body mass index, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Although other psychosocial models such as job strain and effort-reward imbalance predicted CHD in these data, the level of justice remained an independent predictor of incident CHD after adjustment for these factors. CONCLUSION: Justice at work may have benefits for heart health among employees.

Adolescent↗