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Results for “Social Perception”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Social perception and social skill in schizophrenia.

The relationship of social perception to social skill in schizophrenia was investigated. Twenty-six outpatients completed three social perception tasks (i.e. facial affect recognition, social cue recognition, and self-ratings of social skill) and participated in two role-plays. Correlational analyses revealed that the self-ratings of social skill had the most consistent relationship with social skill among the social perception measures, even after controlling for symptomatology and subject demographics. Other measures of social perception (i.e. social cue recognition) had weaker relationships with social skills. Implications for future research and psychosocial interventions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Influence of social perception and social knowledge on cognitive and social functioning in early psychosis.

BACKGROUND: Social cognition has been implicated in the relationship between cognition and social functioning. AIMS: To test the hypothesis that social cognition mediates the relationship between cognitive and social functioning. METHOD: This was a 1-year longitudinal cohort study comparing three groups: 50 people with first-episode psychosis, 53 people with multi-episode schizophrenia and 55 people without psychiatric disorder as controls. Participants were assessed on social perception, social knowledge, interpersonal problem-solving, cognition and social functioning. RESULTS: There were significant associations between social cognition, cognition and social functioning in all three groups. Deficits in social cognition were stable over time. In the first two groups, controlling for social cognition reduced the relationship between cognitive and social functioning. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides some evidence that social cognition mediates the relationship between cognitive and social functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Attentional dysfunction, social perception, and social competence: what is the nature of the relationship?

The aim of this study was to examine the nature of the relationship between attentional dysfunction and social competence deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Attentional functioning, social perception, and social competence were assessed in 56 inpatients. Measures of vigilance and span of apprehension were administered to assess attentional functioning. Social perception was assessed with an audiovisual measure of affect recognition. Social competence was rated from a role-play task. Span of apprehension and auditory vigilance emerged as specific predictors of social competence. Affect recognition was tested as a mediator and a moderator of the relationship between attentional dysfunction and social competence. Affect recognition was found to moderate the relationship between span of apprehension and social competence.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Perseverance in self-perception and social perception: biased attributional processes in the debriefing paradigm.

Two experiments demonstrated that self-perceptions and social perceptions may persevere after the initial basis for such perceptions has been completely discredited. In both studies subjects first received false feedback, indicating that they had either succeeded or failed on a novel discrimination task and then were thoroughly debriefed concerning the predetermined and random nature of this outcome manipulation. In experiment 2, both the initial outcome manipulation and subsequent debriefing were watched and overheard by observers. Both actors and observers showed substantial perseverance of initial impressions concerning the actors' performance and abilities following a standard "outcome" debriefing. "Process" debriefing, in which explicit discussion of the perseverance process was provided, generally proved sufficient to eliminate erroneous self-perceptions. Biased attribution processes that might underlie perserverance phenomena and the implications of the present data for the ethical conduct of deception research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Finding "meaning" in psychology: a lay theories approach to self-regulation, social perception, and social development.

Much of psychology focuses on universal principles of thought and action. Although an extremely productive pursuit, this approach, by describing only the "average person," risks describing no one in particular. This article discusses an alternate approach that complements interests in universal principles with analyses of the unique psychological meaning that individuals find in their experiences and interactions. Rooted in research on social cognition, this approach examines how people's lay theories about the stability or malleability of human attributes alter the meaning they give to basic psychological processes such as self-regulation and social perception. Following a review of research on this lay theories perspective in the field of social psychology, the implications of analyzing psychological meaning for other fields such as developmental, cultural, and personality psychology are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Reliability and validity of The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT): a clinical test of social perception.

PURPOSE: The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) is an audiovisual tool designed for the clinical assessment of social perception with alternate forms for re-testing. Part 1 assesses emotion recognition, Parts 2 and 3 assess the ability to interpret conversational remarks meant literally (i.e., sincere remarks and lies) or non-literally (i.e., sarcasm) as well as the ability to make judgments about the thoughts, intentions and feelings of speakers. This paper aims to examine TASIT's reliability and validity. METHOD: Some 32 adults with severe, chronic brain injuries were administered Form A twice, one week apart. 38 adults with brain injuries were readministered alternate forms over a period of 5 - 26 weeks. Construct validity was examined in subsets of a sample of 116 adults with brain injuries by relating TASIT performance to standard tests of neuropsychological function and specific social perception measures. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.74 - 0.88. Alternate forms reliability ranged from 0.62 - 0.83. TASIT performance was associated with face perception, information processing speed and working memory. Socially relevant new learning and executive tasks were significantly associated with TASIT performance whereas non-social tasks showed little association. Social perception tasks such as Ekman photos and theory of mind stories were also associated. CONCLUSIONS: TASIT has adequate psychometric properties as a clinical test of social perception. It is not overly prone to practice effects and is reliable for repeat administrations. Performance on TASIT is affected by information processing speed, working memory, new learning and executive functioning, but the uniquely social material that comprises the stimuli for TASIT will provide useful insights into the particular difficulties people with clinical conditions experience when interpreting complex social phenomena.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sensorimotor gating, orienting and social perception in schizophrenia.

Basic neurocognition and social cognition appear to influence the social impairments of persons with schizophrenia. This study examined relationships between two very basic automatic processes (i.e., sensorimotor gating and orienting) and social perception in schizophrenic patients. Thirty outpatients with schizophrenia completed psychophysiological measures of sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition, PPI), orienting (prepulse facilitation, PPF), and social perception (the Half Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity, Half PONS). A median split was used to divide patients into poor and good gaters and poor and good orienters. Analyses revealed that patients with good PPI scored significantly higher on the Half PONS than patients with poor PPI. PPI showed a significant correlation (r=-0.54) with Half PONS performance, indicating that schizophrenia patients who were better able to gate out competing stimuli (i.e., less startle) were also better at detecting relevant social cues. Orienting (PPF) and social perception were not related. This study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate an association between sensorimotor gating and social perception. The findings are consistent with other studies that have demonstrated relationships between basic neurocognition and social cognition. By showing a link between sensorimotor gating and social perception, this study supports social cognition's potential role as a mediator of the relationship between neurocognition and social functioning in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Social processing correlates of nonverbal social perception in schizophrenia.

This study examines the relationship of nonverbal social perception to other areas of social functioning in schizophrenia. One model of interpersonal problem-solving skills presents a sequence of receiving, processing, and sending skills. Social perception skills best fit the first stage in this model: receiving skills. As expected, schizophrenic subjects (N = 29) were less skillful than normal subjects (N = 15) on measures of social problem solving, understanding of social sequences, and social judgment. In addition, performance on these tasks was significantly related to nonverbal social perception, but only for the schizophrenic group. Thus, deficits in nonverbal social perception are related to other measures of social functioning in schizophrenia. Implications of these findings for understanding and treating social deficits in schizophrenia are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Ethical substrates behind social perception of medical performance].

Social perception of medical performance, although biased by emotional factors, prejudices of false interpretations, reflects people's expectations and satisfaction with medical acts. The violation of essential values by physicians, underlies the frequent disrepute of their professional behavior. Physicians are judged by their human behavior and relationships with patients rather than by their technical efficiency. The progressive medicalization of environment, the medical acts subjected to market laws, the conflicts of interest, the needs for accomplishment against diseases and the contradictory disarrangement of physicians behind health providing services, contribute to discredit and lack of confidence towards medical profession. To protect it against these risks, a profound revision of ethical principles is imperative.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed2005

[Comparison between the psychophysical scale methods for magnitude estimation and category estimation of nurses' social perception].

This experiment aimed to rank nurses' social perception through the magnitude and category estimation methods. Study participants were high school and university students, active and retired professionals in the areas of medicine, psychology, nursing and dentistry. The results showed: (1) the characteristics neat, responsible, clean, careful and efficacious occupied the first positions in terms of nurses' social perception; whereas the characteristics useless, dishonorable, irresponsible and hateful occupied the last positions in the scales obtained by the two direct psychophysical methods, and (2) the non-metric social perception continuum has prosthetic characteristics.

Nurses↗
PubMed2004

Impairment of social perception associated with lesions of the prefrontal cortex.

OBJECTIVE: Behavioral and social impairments have been frequently reported after damage to the prefrontal cortex in humans. This study evaluated social perception in patients with prefrontal cortex lesions and compared their performance on a social perception task with that of healthy volunteers. METHOD: Thirty-three patients with prefrontal cortex lesions and 31 healthy volunteers were tested with the Interpersonal Perception Task. In this task, subjects viewed videotaped social interactions and relied primarily on nonverbal cues to make interpersonal judgments, such as determining the degree of intimacy between two persons depicted in the videotaped scene. Patients with prefrontal cortex lesions were classified according to lesion involvement of specific regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. RESULTS: Relative to the comparison subjects, patients whose lesions involved the orbitofrontal cortex demonstrated impaired social perception. Contrary to predictions, patients with lesions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also showed deficits in using social cues to make interpersonal judgments. All patients, particularly those with lesions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, showed poorer insight into their deficits, relative to healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings of deficits in social perception after damage to the orbitofrontal cortex extend previous clinical and experimental evidence of damage-related impairment in other aspects of social cognition, such as the ability to accurately evaluate emotional facial expressions. In addition, the results suggest that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is recruited when inferences about social interactions are made on the basis of nonverbal information.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Social perception as a mediator of the influence of early visual processing on functional status in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: The potential of social cognition as a mediator of relations between neurocognition and functional status in schizophrenia has been suggested by correlational studies that link neurocognition to social cognition or link social cognition to functional status. The authors used structural equation modeling to test more directly whether one aspect of social cognition (social perception) mediates relations between basic visual perception and functional status in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Seventy-five outpatients with schizophrenia were administered measures of early visual processing (computerized visual masking procedures), social perception (Half Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity), and functional status (Role Functioning Scale). RESULTS: Structural equation modeling supported social perception as a mediator of relations between early visual processing and functional status in schizophrenia. The mediation model indicated that early visual processing is linked to functional status through social perception, thereby supporting a significant indirect relationship. The direct relationship between early visual processing and functional status was significant in a model that did not include social perception but was not significant in the mediation model that included social perception. CONCLUSIONS: Social cognition appears to be a key determinant of functional status in schizophrenia. Using a very basic measure of visual perception, the present study found that social perception mediates the influence of early visual processing on functional status in schizophrenia.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1982

A signal detection approach to social perception: identification of negative and positive behaviors by parents of normal and problem children.

The present experiment was designed to investigate differences in the perception of social behavior between parents of normal and problem children and to relate these differences to behavior observed in the home environment. Subjects were brought into the laboratory and asked to identify positive and negative behaviors on a written script portraying family interactions. Correct and incorrect responses were analyzed using signal detection procedures to produce measures of sensitivity and response bias for positive and negative behaviors. These analyses revealed that parents of normal children were better able to discriminate positive behavior than were parents of problem children. Correlations between these responses and data obtained for a subset of the subjects from 1-hour home observations, using a newly developed home observational coding system, revealed a number of relationships between these sets of variables.

Aggression↗