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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social development and family composition (author's transl)].

Starting from the theory regarding the social behaviour of the child and, on the other hand, from the concept of the family as a cultural and psychological and, in addition, sociological unit, an index of social development for children of 6 to 14 years of age is presented, and which is obtained by adding the process of school adaptation plus the process of learning plus personal attitudes. Having this hypothesis as a working basis, a study has been carried out on a total of 240 pupils (120 males and 120 girls) included in the chronological age of from 6 to 14 and belonging to National Schools in Zaragoza (Spain) and within the on going program of growth and development. Social development has been studied through inquiries of personal application at family level and through the application of psychograms of our own tabulation. The number of children in the family has been related to the aforementioned parameters, five family units having been established: one child, two children, three children, four children, five or more children. The overall result indicates that the index of social development proposed by us is higher in the case of unique children; that it is practically the same for those children whose family unit is of two, three or four children, and is sensibly lesser in children included in the family unit of five or more children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Effects of chronic lead ingestion on social development in infant rhesus monkeys.

The social behavior of infant rhesus monkeys during the first year of life was examined under a variety of lead (Pb) exposure conditions in four separate experiments. Daily ingestion of PB acetate in milk for one year elevated blood Pb levels to 30-100 microgram/dl, suppressed play, increased social clinging, and exacerbated the disruption of social behavior caused by changing the play environment midway through the year of observation. The presence of control monkeys in social test-groups reduced the magnitude of Pb-induced social behavior changes. In contrast to daily postnatal Pb exposure, chronic exposure to Pb during gestation had no measurable effect on postnatal social development, and acute, transient postnatal Pb exposure (producing blood Pb levels > 200 microgram/dl during month 2 of life) affected only the monkeys' response to the change in the plan environment. These data suggest that daily ingestion of Pb, and not a previously-acquired tissue burden, was responsible for the long-term changes in social development observed. The results are discussed in the general context of primate social development, which is thought to require adequate interactive play for appropriate social integration and reproductive behavior at maturity.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of Venezuelan health services from a social development perspective.

This paper evaluates four health programs housed in the Venezuelan Ministry of Health and Social Assistance: malaria eradication, infant paralysis, highrisk pregnancy and child birth and community participation. For each of the programs the study (a) identifies key management features relating to structure and strategy; (b) examines program performance to assess its consistency with the declared objective of promoting social development; and (c) evaluates what structure and strategy features may have contributed to the social development of the target community. Also, the information mechanisms which link planners, executors and the 'clients', were examined. Lastly, the extent to which target population involved in the decisions made with respect to each program, was reviewed.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1977

[Social development and state of the illness in hemophilic boys (author's transl)].

Data on state of the illness and social development are reported in 43 hemophilic boys. The items cover factor activity, degree of physical handicap, frequency of bleedings and hospitalisations as well as the topic of a psychophysiological mechanism in the genesis of bleedings. Further items of social development pertain to school, leisure-time activities and ideas of future occupation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Psychomotor and social development of breast-fed and bottle-fed babies during their first year of life.

Until about 30 years ago breast-feeding was the natural and common method of infant feeding. With increasing technical possibilities in food industry, transfer of birth into hospital and displacement of female activities outside the family, the frequency of breast-feeding decreased, being replaced by artificial feeding methods. This work treats the impact of the two feeding methods (breast and bottle feeding) on the psychomotor and social development of the baby in the first year of life. The theoretical part gives a review of the mother-child interaction and the psychomotor and social development. As hypotheses have been proposed the suppositions that breast-feeding in the first three months of life leads to essential developmental advances in psychomotor and, above all, social maturity. This is due to the intensive visual and olfactorial experience and perception, the advantages of nutrients in breast-milk and, last not least, to the infant's autonomy regarding food quantity and time intervals. The quality of mother-child interaction is essentially influenced by the feeding method, because distance and proximity have an essential influence on their relation. As an important sign of intellectual maturity was regarded to fear reaction to strangers. The empirical part examines the hypotheses by comparing the development of breast-fed and bottle-fed babies. The psychomotor and social development of breast-fed babies clearly differs from that of bottle-fed ones and leads at the age of 12 months to significant developmental advantages of the psychomotor and social capabilities. Some suggestions are given to ensure mental health in the first year of life.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1984

Cognitive, perceptual, and personal-social development of prematurely born preschoolers.

This study was designed to determine possible differences in the cognitive, perceptual, and personal-social development of prematurely and maturely born 3-yr.-olds which might foreshadow later learning problems. The subjects were 40 prematurely born graduates of a neonatal intensive care unit (birth weight less than 2,500 gm, less than 37 wk. gestation) matched on the pair-level with full-term controls on sex, race, post-conceptual age, and socioeconomic background. All subjects were singletons and parity was matched at the group level. No differences were found between the groups on tests of higher mental processes including the General Cognitive, Verbal, Quantitative, and Memory Scales of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, and researcher-devised measures of problem-solving competence. No differences in parental reports of personal-social development were noted. Prematures did not perform as well as controls on perceptual performance tasks, and this difference was interpreted as reflecting relatively impaired visual-motor coordination.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

Facial attractiveness and personal-social development.

The relationship between physical attractiveness and personal-social development was examined. The entire third, fourth, and fifth grade school population (N=440) was administered a self-concept and peer acceptance measure. School pictures of these children were then rated into attractive and unattractive groups (N = 84). Three separate three-factor (sex X attractiveness X grade) analyses of variance indicated attractive children were more socially accepted than their unattractive peers and had higher self-concepts.

Beauty↗
PubMed1981

Social development and feeding milestones of young Down syndrome children.

During an interdisciplinary longitudinal study, the social development and mastery of feeding skills of 89 young Down syndrome children were investigated. Sex, cardiac status, and muscle tone of subjects and parental follow-through data were examined for potential influence on Vineland Social Maturity Scale scores and on a selected subset of feeding milestones. The revealed that young Down syndrome children attained significantly higher scores on the Vineland and achieved most feeding milestones much earlier if they had no or only mild congenital heart disease, if their parents followed-through appropriately with furnished guidance, and if they had "good" muscle tone.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1984

Role of vision in social development in monkeys.

8 stump-tailed macaques were reared individually and either given all of their daily social experience in darkness (dark group) or given half their social experience in the dark and half in the light (controls). The dark group showed almost no aggressive behavior and less play than controls. Later, when all were tested in the light, the dark group were still less aggressive. Controls were less aggressive in the dark than in the light. There was no difference between the two groups in the form of the dominance hierarchy or the strength of preferences for social partners. This suggests that vision is especially important in the maintenance of assertive behaviors and in the instigation and the direction of aggressive behaviors, but relatively less important in other areas of social development.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

[Fund for social development of regional health care coalitions in the conditions of collective bargaining].

The introduction of economic incentives, the utilization of a fund for social development of institutions considerably increased the intensification of labour, improved health care indicators and the accessibility of health care for the population. The expedient form of work appeared to be collective bargaining which considerably expanded the rights of the leader and collective. ++ Interdepartmental cost-accountable relations with the future introduction of ++intra-structural cost-accountable relations is a prospective form of health services administration and management.

Collective Bargaining↗
PubMed1989

Effect of chronic neonatal morphine and naloxone on sensorimotor and social development of young rats.

Chronic morphine treatment of newborn Long-Evans rat pups between 3-26 days of age (thrice daily starting with 0.5 mg/kg, increased daily by 0.5 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg) led to lags of 1 to 3 days in physical development (body weights and eye opening times) and motor coordination (catalepsy test, grasping, swimming). Chronic naloxone treatment (5 mg/kg administered thrice daily from day 3-26), in contrast, led to modest gains in development on a number of measures (body weights, vaginal opening). Morphine animals also lagged behind controls and naloxone-tested animals in social behaviors, such as homing and play. Chronic naloxone did not block or retard social development; in fact naloxone-treated animals exhibited more rapid acquisition of homing behavior than controls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological, psychological and social development and the occurrence of depressive disorders in children and adolescents].

The aim of the epidemiologic studies on depression in children and adolescents is to elucidate the nature of the disorder, in particular to verify the hypothesis of the dependence between the nature of adolescence and the occurrence of depression. Subjects with depressive features were identified from the representative sample of junior-school population, as well as from the early- and middle adolescents. The data regarding the course of the development of depressive and non-depressive probands obtained from parents interview were compared. Significant differences were found in the course of the development of depressive and non-depressive children as well as probands in the middle phase of the adolescence. There were no specific features in the course of the development in juvenile patients with the onset of depression in the early adolescence phase. Therefore, depression is more frequent among children in whom the early biological and social development is more disturbed. The infantile central nervous system's damage causes higher risk for depression in childhood. Depression in the early adolescence phase may be recognized as a specific developmental reaction, possibly connected with psychoendocrinologic puberty crisis. The onset of depression in the middle adolescent phase is connected with the difficulties of realization of developmental tasks. The infantile central nervous system's damage increases the risk for depression in that particular phase of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Social development of epileptic children and adolescents].

A report is given on 162 cases (90 men, 72 women) ranging in age from 22-27 years, where the course of the disease, school performance, integration into professional life and social achievement has been followed over periods between 10 and 20 years. Of these patients 60 percent are free from attacks, and half of them have been for more than 10 years. Among those still suffering from attacks the great majority have psychomotor and combined fits. One quarter of the patients experienced a change in the type of attack in the course of the disease. The school performance and professional achievement of the patients are viewed in relation to the type of attack, duration of the disease and the period of freedom from attacks, and discussed. About 75 percent of the group had had satisfactory achievements at school and experienced smooth integration into working life, but only half of this percentage were still working in the occupation for which they were trained at the time of a follow-up examination. About 10 percent had to take up some other employment on account of the disease, whereas the rest gave various reasons. Social development was favorable for the majority of the patients. More than half of the women and one third of the men have married in the meantime. The crime rate was 3 percent.

Adolescent↗