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Results for “Social Adjustment”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Social competence in children with IDDM and asthma: child, teacher, and parent reports of children's social adjustment, social performance, and social skills.

Used Cavell's (1990) model of childhood social competence to compare the social competence in peer relations of 25 children (ages 8-10 years) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 19 children with asthma, and 24 physically healthy children. Children were individually matched for economic status, race, gender, and age. Children, their parents, and their teachers completed measures of children's social adjustment, social performance, and social skills in peer relations. Contrary to hypotheses, no differences between the groups of children were noted on any of the measures of social competence. Results are discussed in terms of the resiliency of children's social competence to these chronic conditions.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social adjustment and depression: value of the SAS-SR (Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report)].

The Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report (SAS-SR) is a simple and inexpensive method, which allows the routine assessment of the patient's social adjustment, especially in the case of depression. Compared with other scales based on an interview with the patient, the SAS-SR is more sensitive to change in the patient's clinical status. The SAS-SR is a useful method as part of the detection of even mild depressions, regular aftercare evaluation of out-patients or as an outcome measure in longitudinal studies. A French version of the SAS-SR is now available and is currently under evaluation in a large-scale randomized therapeutic trial.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1998

Social adjustment in schizophrenia: factors predictive of short-term social adjustment in a sample of schizophrenic patients.

A sample of 60 Spanish schizophrenic patients was studied in order to ascertain the relationship between their relatives' expressed emotion (EE) and social adjustment after 2 years of follow-up. The average extent of the disability did not increase over time, and differences in dysfunction rates between the various specific social roles were identified. No differences in social outcome were detected between patients with high EE and low EE families. Three factors which predict social adjustment outcome were obtained using logistic regression analysis, namely clinical conditions, baseline social adjustment and the occurrence of a psychotic relapse during the follow-up period.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Sex differences in marital and social adjustment.

A sample of 67 married Japanese men and 79 married Japanese women, ranging in age from 25 through 85 years, were interviewed to clarify the relationship between marital adjustment and social adjustment. For the whole sample, the total score of the Short Marital Adjustment Test (SMAT; Locke & Wallace, 1959) and its subcategories, dyadic consensus and satisfaction, was significantly correlated with 5 subcategory scores of the Social Adjustment Scale-II (SAS-II; Weissman, 1978): household adjustment (except the spouse), external family adjustment, work adjustment, social leisure adjustment, and general adjustment. These correlations were present also for the women; for the men, they were present only for social leisure adjustment and general adjustment. Among men, the dyadic consensus scores of the SMAT had stronger correlations with the social adjustment scores; among women, correlations with the marital satisfaction scores of the SMAT were stronger. Thus, marital adjustment may be a part of social adjustment for women, but the two may be discrete for men.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Social competence in schizophrenia: premorbid adjustment, social skill, and domains of functioning.

The relations between premorbid adjustment, social skill, and domains of functioning (symptoms, social adjustment) were examined in a group of 107 schizophrenic, schizoaffective, and affective disorder patients. Premorbid sexual adjustment was moderately correlated with social skill in the schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Schizophrenic patients had the lowest premorbid adjustment and social skill, followed by schizoaffectives, and then affective patients. Within the schizophrenic group, social skill was significantly related to both current social adjustment and negative symptoms, but not positive symptoms. Similar but weaker effects were found for premorbid adjustment. The results suggest that deficits in social skill are correlated with poor premorbid and morbid social adjustment of schizophrenics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sex differences in social adjustment. Effects of sex role socialization and role stress.

This study focuses on the social role functioning component of psychiatric disorders. It assesses sex differences in social adjustment in regard to: work, marriage, parenthood, relations with friends and extended family, and the nuclear family as a whole. Hypotheses predicting sex differences in social adjustment are derived from socialization and role stress frameworks and tested with data from a New Haven community epidemiologic study, utilizing the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR). The data show that, consistent with socialization-derived predictions, women manifest greater feelings of inadequacy than men in instrumental work role performance, while men manifest greater emotional inhibition and interpersonal friction. Morever, consistent with role stress frameworks, women express greater conflict and resentment than men in regard to family relationships, but not in regard to friendship relationships. In addition, women's subjective disinterest and impaired functioning in their work role is greater for housewives than for employed women. The implications of these findings for social supports research are discussed.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methods of measurement of social adjustment in schizophrenia].

Social functioning as well as reduction of psychopathological symptoms constitute basic criteria for evaluation of effectiveness of psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation. Social functioning is often estimated by measuring fulfillment of social roles as well as concurrent difficulties and behaviour of patients who can be troublesome to others-RASP, and SRPS scales (9, 20). KAS and SAS Scales (11, 21) focused on measuring social "adjustment" itself are being criticized. The LSP, SFS, ILLS (4, 15, 24) can be recognized as scales that are easy to use and adopted to the specific functioning of schizophrenics. These scales measure basic abilities needed for independent life outside mental hospital. They are being used for planning social rehabilitation and community care.

Humans↗
PubMed2007

Paths to child social adjustment: parenting quality and children's processing of social information.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this research was to examine the manner in which multiple influences on child social adjustment operated together to predict differential outcomes for young children. Specifically, this study was designed to (i) examine the role of social cognitive and emotional factors in parents' observed and self-reported behaviour towards their children, and (ii) investigate the impact of parenting and children's social information processing (SIP) patterns on children's subsequent social adjustment in the school setting. METHODS: A model of children's peer social adjustment was evaluated using a group of 166 children, over-sampled for history of physical child abuse. Assessment of constructs was multi-method, including parent and child self-reports as well as teacher reports of child adjustment and observations of parent-child and child-peer interactions. RESULTS: Using structural equation modelling, support was found for our theoretical model. Specifically, parents' negative child-related beliefs and clinical elevations in emotional distress were predictors of harsh, insensitive parenting, which in turn predicted children's SIP operations and social maladjustment 6 months later. However, children's SIP did not significantly predict their social adjustment above and beyond the impact of parenting. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that the quality of parenting that children received was more central to subsequent adjustment in peer interactions than were children's SIP operations. Furthermore, the quality of parenting children experienced was closely linked to parents' beliefs about their children and parents' mental health status. Directions for future research and potential implications for clinical practice are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of a modified self-report measure of social adjustment.

A self-report Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-M) for use in British populations was devised by modifying the original North American version, its usefulness was evaluated among 331 women drawn from two local populations. In a group of mothers of one year old babies (n = 130), high levels of agreement were found between the subjects' self-ratings on the SAS-M and (i) a psychiatrist's ratings of their social adjustment made at interview; (ii) ratings of the subjects' social adjustment made by their husbands on the SAS-M; (iii) measures of concurrent mental state. In a group of women undergoing elective sterilization (n = 201), the SAS-M was found to be sensitive to changes in mental state over time. Possible application of the SAS-M in psychiatric research, particularly when an interview is not feasible, are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Adolescent self-reports of social activity: assessment of stability and relations to social adjustment.

Adolescents' self-reports of peer social activity were examined with regard to short-term stability and in relation to social adjustment. Two separate periods of data collection are reported; year 1 with 74 grade nine students and year 2 with 76 grade nine students. On both occasions, four administrations of a self-report questionnaire were undertaken. As well, in year 2, social adjustment ratings, indices of perceived competence and self-efficacy, and IQ were collected. The analyses of the measure's consistency indicated acceptable stability of the self reports across two weeks and high internal consistency. These findings indicate the potential utility of this methodology for studying peer activity. Zero-order and multiple correlation analyses between social activity, self-evaluations and social adjustment were computed. The analyses suggest that peer social activity is correlated with social self-esteem, enhanced social self-efficacy and teacher's ratings of social engagement. Social isolation appeared to be an independent dimension and was related to lowered self-esteem and teacher ratings of social withdrawal. Overall, the results of the study add to our understanding of the components of social adjustment in adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Comparison between noradrenergic and serotonergic medications using the social adjustment scale: is drive enhancement necessary for recovery of social functioning?

The Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) was used to assess social functioning sequentially over 13 weeks in a group of 188 depressed outpatients randomized to either the noradrenergic antidepressant, nortriptyline, or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine. Over the period of 13 weeks, there were no differences in total SAS scores between the nortriptyline and the fluoxetine group. In comparing the SAS subscale scores, which may measure different areas of motivation and behaviour (drive), there were differences between the two groups in only two subscales. At 13 weeks, the group randomized to fluoxetine were more impaired in marital role (p = 0.026) whereas, at 6 weeks, the group randomized to nortriptyline were more impaired in friction scores (p = 0.012). These results do not support the concept of specific augmentation of drive-related behaviour by noradrenergic medication. This challenges the earlier findings relating to drive enhancement and social adjustment using such medication.

Adrenergic Agents↗
PubMed1997

The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. XV. Social adjustment in schizophrenia: associations with gender, symptoms and childhood antecedents.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between childhood social adjustment and personality and adult social adjustment and symptoms in a population of schizophrenic patients. Adult social adjustment was assessed in 43 patients by means of the Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report, and symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Subjective Deficit Syndrome Scale. Childhood social adjustment and personality were assessed by means of interviews with patients' mothers. Patients displayed poorer adult social adjustment than a normal population, but no significant differences existed between the sexes. A strong association was found between childhood and adult social adjustment in male subjects. Stronger correlations between social adjustment and current symptoms, particularly positive symptoms, were found in females than in males. Associations in males were stronger for negative symptoms. We observed significant correlations between poor adult social adjustment and severity of illness and abnormalities of personality and social adjustment in childhood. There were substantial differences between the sexes in these associations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Marital and social adjustment in depressed and remarried women.

The current study investigated the hypothesis that marital and social adjustment deficits would be observed in married women who had been depressed previously. Three groups of subjects, currently depressed (N = 12), remitted (N = 12), and nondepressed (N = 12), who met criteria for participation completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Social Adjustment Scale. The results revealed that any residual social adjustment deficit in the remitted group was confined to social and leisure adjustment. Scores on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the work subscale of the Social Adjustment Scale, and the overall score on the Social Adjustment Scale revealed differences between the remitted and currently depressed groups. The results were discussed with reference to the likely correlational nature of marital and social maladjustment in depression and to future research needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The role of overt aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in the prediction of children's future social adjustment.

2 limitations of past research on social adjustment were addressed: (1) the tendency to focus on forms of aggression that are typical of boys (e.g., overt aggression) and to neglect forms that are more typical of girls (e.g., relational aggression) and (2) the tendency to study negative behaviors (e.g., aggression), to the exclusion of positive behaviors (e.g., prosocial acts). Using a longitudinal design (n = 245; third- through sixth-grade children, 9-12 years old), assessments of children's relational aggression, overt aggression, prosocial behavior, and social adjustment were obtained at 3 points during the academic year. Findings showed that, as has been demonstrated in past research for overt aggression, individual differences in relational aggression were relatively stable over time. Additionally, relational aggression contributed uniquely to the prediction of future social maladjustment, beyond that predicted by overt aggression. Finally, prosocial behavior contributed unique information (beyond that provided by overt and relational aggression) to the prediction of future social adjustment.

Aggression↗
PubMed2002

Validation of the Portuguese version of the Social Adjustment Scale on Brazilian samples.

BACKGROUND: Social dysfunction is reported in several psychiatric diseases and its evaluation is becoming an important measure of treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to obtain normative data, to test the validity and the ability of the Portuguese version of the Self-Report Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-SR) to detect different clinical conditions. METHODS: The Portuguese version of the SAS-SR was applied to a carefully selected non-psychiatric sample, and to depressed, panic, bulimic and cocaine-dependent patients. Depressed and panic patients were evaluated in two different clinical conditions: acutely symptomatic and in remission. RESULTS: SAS overall and sub-scale scores of the normal sample were consistently lower than all patient groups, indicating better social adjustment in all areas. Panic patients were impaired to a lower level than depressed and cocaine-dependent patients in overall adjustment. Depressed patients in remission, although in better condition, were still impaired in relation to normal subjects in overall social functioning, leisure time and marital areas. In panic patients in remission, normalization was not achieved in overall functioning, work and marital areas. LIMITATIONS: Sample size was small in some groups and the evaluation was cross-sectional. CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese version of SAS-SR is a useful instrument for detecting differences between psychiatric patients and normal subjects and for the evaluation of different clinical conditions, recommending its use in outcome studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Social adjustment in depression: the impact of depression severity, personality, and clinic versus community sampling.

BACKGROUND: Impaired social adjustment in depression has been associated with clinical variables, although results have been inconsistent. Previous research has not examined how social adjustment in depression varies by source of sample (clinical vs. community) or the associations with personality. METHODS: A total of 260 depressed outpatients from two samples completed the Social Adjustment Scale and were assessed on a number of clinical variables including depression severity, age, duration of depression, and personality symptoms. RESULTS: Overall social adjustment scores in our clinical samples were similar to those of an overseas clinical sample although there were some differences by subscales. In addition, the social adjustment scores of our clinical sample were significantly more impaired than those of individuals identified as depressed from a local epidemiological sample. Finally, in multiple regression equations, social adjustment scores were predicted by the clinical variables, severity of depression, younger age and personality symptoms. However, these only explained a small amount of variance in scores. CONCLUSION: Social adjustment in depression does not vary across different countries but varies according to the sample source (clinic vs. community). Some clinical variables are emerging as consistently associated with impaired social adjustment in depression. The associations with personality suggest this must be considered when assessing social adjustment in depressed patients.

Adult↗