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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Lipids of human and equine smegma.

The lipids of human and equine smegma pools were saponified and the total fatty acids submitted to temperature programmed gas chromatography (GC) analysis. In contrast to the human products, the horse smegma fatty acids contained very low odd saturated as well as olefinic branched chain acid contents. The cyclopropane fatty acid, 9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid, occurred in smegma sampled from men over 35 years of age but could not be detected in the pool from persons of 17-20 years of age nor in any of the equine mixtures. The alcoholic fraction from horse smegma contained about 85% sterol, the remainder constituting alcohols of C12 to C28 and of which 43.5% were branched chain components. The corresponding product from human smegma was primarily sterol. Squalene comprised the main hydrocarbon present in smegma of either species.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of ipronidazole against trichomoniasis in beef bulls.

Preputial smegma samples from 195 beef bulls were collected repeatedly and cultured for Tritrichomonas foetus. Seventy-five (38.5%) of these bulls were positive for trichomonads on at least 1 culture. Sensitivity of the culture procedure (number of positive cultures/number of total cultures from known-positive bulls) was 81.6%. Storage of preputial smegma in lactated Ringer's solution at 5 C for 24 hours resulted in a 14% loss of sensitivity. Seventy-three of the 75 infected bulls were available for treatment and were alloted randomly to 2 groups. Bulls in both groups were treated with procaine penicillin (7,000 IU/kg, IM) for 2 days before ipronidazole treatment. Thirty grams of ipronidazole powder was dissolved in 60 ml of sterile water, and was given IM to group 1 bulls. Group 2 bulls were given a similar 30-g ipronidazole solution IM on day 1, and were given 15 g of ipronidazole dissolved in 30 ml of sterile water on days 2 and 3. Efficacy of treatment (ie, negative cultures of preputial smegma for trichomonads for 6 consecutive weeks after treatment) was 92.8% for the 42 bulls treated once and 100% for the 31 bulls treated 3 times.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Results of health education in preputial hygiene of boys].

The education to clean the prepuce is a part of education in cleanliness of the boys and had international succeeded against the general circumcision of newborns. While 15 school years from 1969/70 to 1983/84 we could point out the driving back of the retention of smegma, especially when heavy. To the farther correction the chief educators of health, the parents, must be motivated to teach their boys this cleaning with perfect technic. Physicians and teachers should reinforce this. Near by we must take in consideration that only parents and physicians could inspect the prepuce of boys. Every visible retention of smegma should provoke the education in washing this region. It was proposed anew to admit the inspection of the prepuce of the penis from the third year of life into the standard programme of mass examination in GDR during infancy and youth. It was referred to the danger of the early traumatism of the foreskin by the newborns and the babies and also to the problems of the late education in the hygiene of the prepuce only while and after the puberty. Also in the further life of all men this region should be inspected at every medical examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Epidemiology of cancer of the penis.

World-wide incidences of penile cancer are reviewed and epidemiologic factors including ciecumcision, hygiene, phimosis, smegma, irritation, infection, veneral disease, viruses, environment, race, immune response, trauma, and age are discussed. The lowest rates appear in groups practicing infant circumcision and in areas where standards of sexual hygiene are high.

Africa↗
PubMed1971

A study of carcinoma of uterine cervix with special reference to its causation and prevention.

In a study of 50 patients with carcinoma of the cervix matched with 50 healthy controls, the frequency of sexual intercourse was found to be significantly higher in patients as compared with controls. There were no differences in the observance of personal cleanliness by the husbands of patients as compared with controls. Since an alkaline milieu surrounding mucus-bearing epithelial cells renders the mucus fluid which in this state escapes from the cell, and since this is known to cause hyperplasia, metaplasia and an increase in mitotic activity, changes in the pH of semen were studied as a result of daily, weekly and fortnightly ejaculations. As the frequency of ejaculation increased the semen became more alkaline. The view is presented that it is not the smegma but the alkaline reaction, if the sex act is frequent, which may bear a causal responsibility for carcinoma of cervix. Sheath contraception would, therefore, appear to be an important measure in the prevention of carcinoma of cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of trichomoniasis among California beef herds.

Sixty cow-half herds of more than 50 cows each were randomly selected for a prevalence survey of bovine trichomoniasis in California. Herd size, as judged by the number of bulls, ranged from 1 to 210 bulls (median = 8; mean = 59 +/- 15.8). Preputial smegma was collected from 729 bulls (median = 6 bulls/herd) and cultured for Tritrichomonas foetus. Of 57 herds from which samples were collected, 9 (15.8%) had at least one infected bull. Of the 729 bulls from which samples were cultured, 30 (4.1%) were infected. Correcting for sensitivity of the diagnostic test yielded a prevalence of 5.0%. Infection rates for bulls greater than 3 years old and less than or equal to 3 years old were 6.7% and 2.0%, respectively (P less than 0.025). Median herd sizes were 14 bulls (range, 6 to 114) for infected herds and 7 (range, 1 to 210) for uninfected herds. These findings suggest that trichomoniasis is common in California beef herds. Because several bulls less than 4 years old were infected, we suggest that control measures stressing replacement of older bulls with younger ones should be combined with diagnostic procedures in those younger replacements, to ensure that they are not already infected.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Risk factors for penile cancer: results from a case-control study in China.

An epidemiologic study of penile cancer involving 141 cases and 150 community controls was undertaken in a high-risk area in China. Personal interviews, as well as physical examinations among the prospectively ascertained subjects, enabled evaluation of a variety of potential risk factors. Strongly related to risk were conditions restricting the motility of the foreskin, including phimosis or paraphimosis, particularly when so severe that circumcision was used for treatment. Poor hygiene practices also appeared to increase risk, particularly as evidenced by detection of smegma on physical examination, although it was difficult to decipher whether this association was etiologic or merely a consequence of disease. A sexual relationship outside of marriage was associated with a RR of 1.7, and appeared to be a more important discriminator than number of lifetime sexual partners. Risk was increased among subjects reporting previous genital conditions, particularly sexually transmitted diseases, and physical examinations revealed the appearance of genital warts among 13 cases vs. I control. Interviews with wives of study subjects failed to provide evidence of a "female factor" in the etiology of penile cancer. This study supports the need for further evaluation of the role of hygiene and sexually transmitted agents in the etiology of penile cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Circumcision with the Plastibell device. A long-term follow-up.

Indications for operation, immediate postoperative morbidity and complications were recorded in 43 patients circumcised with the Plastibell device. Questionnaires were used in recording late postoperative morbidity and complications during the mean observation period of 29 months, and were followed by a clinical and cosmetic assessment. No serious complications were encountered. Compared to classical dissection techniques, dysuria is a prominent feature using the Plastibell device. The Plastibell method leaves a varying amount of foreskin intact, which could well explain why meatal ulcers/stenosis are not seen when employing this method. In areas with low hygienic standards we cannot recommend the method since the ability of retaining smegma must still be present. Used on medical grounds, the method is preferable, as it leaves some of the foreskin intact and is quick and simple to perform.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Extragenital injuries in rape].

The documentation of extragenital injuries to verify violent cohabitation has considerable forensic relevance. 1,875 police files in Hamburg were investigated. Injuries were analysed under the following aspects: kinds, localisations and patterns. According to the most frequent conduct of the doer (manual fixation of the victim and beats in 60% of all cases), consequences of contused violence (i.e. effusions of blood, contusions, dehiscences) were found in 50% of all cases. Injuries due to semi-sharp violence, wounds of genitals or signs of choke were relatively rare (15-3-3%). An isolated state of genital organs is of minor importance. The most frequent localisations of injuries were face and arms, less frequently legs and back. Injuries as result of manual fixation, defence or abutment formed the main patterns. "Banal" hurts were also found. In numerous cases, the outer appearance of the lesions enabled conclusions regarding the instrument used (i.e. double wales after beats with a stick). Self-inflicted injuries can mostly be discerned by their kind and localisation. Rape without any injuries is conceivable as the result of missing defence in the presence of severe threat. Psychic alterations were found in 20% of the cases, half of them continuing for a long time. The medical examination of the suspected man must include the search of signs of a fight (scratch marks, bites), localised at the hands, face and neck (besides ascertainment of traces, for example, smears of semen and smegma, i.e. from the glans penis). Extent and thoroughness of medical examinations as presently practised are discussed critically. The manner in which these examinations are conducted, is considered to be the main cause of a "secondary victimisation" of the raped woman.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Carcinoma of skin of penis.

Like the Jews, the Ibos or Igbos of Nigeria ritually circumcise males on the eighth day of birth. A retrospective review of approximately 15,000 surgical specimens collected from this ethnic group over a period of 13 years revealed 32 cases of carcinoma of the prostate but only 4 cases of penile carcinoma. One tumour arose on the glans penis. This localisation pattern suggests that, in circumcised males, smegma-induced squamous carcinoma of the glans can be abolished but not the ordinary squamous carcinoma that can develop by chance on the rest of the penis as well as on the glans. International urology would benefit from careful documentation of squamous carcinoma affecting various parts of the neonatally circumcised penile skin.

Aged↗