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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

First report of Siphonaptera infesting Microtus (Microtus) cabrerae (Rodentia-Muridae-Arvicolinae) in Cuenca, Spain and notes about the morphologic variability of Ctenophthalmus (Ctenophthalmus) apertus personatus (Insecta-Siphonaptera-Ctenophthalmidae).

The fleas infesting Microtus (Microtus) cabrerae from three different areas of Cuenca province (Spain) have been studied. It is the first time that on ectoparasitological study of this badly known rodent has been done. Four Siphonaptera species have been detected: Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) pentacantha, Peromyscopsylla spectabilis spectabilis, Nosopsyllus fasciatus and Ctenophthalmus (Ctenophthalmus) apertus personatus, which was the most abundant species (26 males and 31 females of a total of 28 males and 35 females). Considering the great morphologic variability within the male processus basimerus ventralis (p.b.v.) of segment IX of C. personatus subspecies, three morphotypes have been recognised. The male polymorphism detected, would be the result of both host confinement and genetic selection acting on the parasite. It should be pointed out that C. (C.) apertus personatus is not narrowly host-specific, therefore further studies are required to clarify this taxonomic situation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Anatomy of Tunga trimamillata Pampiglione et al., 2002 (Insecta, Siphonaptera, Tungidae) and developmental phases of the gravid female.

This paper deals with some internal anatomical features observed in histological sections and freshly dissected mounts of Tunga trimamillata, a Siphonaptera recently discovered in Andean regions of Ecuador from several mammals, including man. It was possible to study in males and also non-gravid and gravid females, the location and anatomy of several organs not previously described for this species: the testes, epididymis, ganglia, Malpighian tubules, eyes, rectal ampulla with one of its pads and structures which could be interpreted as midgut diverticula, whose presence has not been recorded in the Siphonaptera. The process of neosomy in the female during pregnancy is illustrated by photographs of the consecutive developmental phases, taken at the stereomicroscope. Furthermore, some details of the exoskeleton, spermatheca during different phases of pregnancy of the gravid female and the presence of a foreign body (parasite?) within the haemocoel have been displayed in specimens cleared with Hoyer's medium.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of the long-wavelength opsin from Mecoptera and Siphonaptera: does a flea see?

Mecoptera and Siphonaptera represent two insect orders that have largely been overlooked in the study of insect vision. Recent phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that Mecoptera (scorpionflies) is paraphyletic, with the order Siphonaptera (fleas) nesting as sister to the family Boreidae (snow fleas), showing an evolutionary trend towards reduction in gross eye morphology within fleas. We provide the first molecular characterization of long-wavelength opsins from these three lineages (opsin gene from fleas [FL-Opsin], the Boreidae [B-Opsin], and a mecopteran family [M-Opsin]) and assess the effects of loss of visual acuity on the structure and function of the opsin gene. Phylogenetic analysis implies a physiological sensitivity in the red-green spectrum for these opsins. Analysis of intron splice sites reveals a high degree of similarity between FL-Opsin and B-Opsin as well as conserved splice sites across insect blue-green and long-wavelength opsins. Calculated rates of evolution and tests for destabilizing selection indicate that FL-Opsin, B-Opsin, and M-Opsin are evolving at similar rates with no radical selective pressures, implying conservative evolution and functional constraint across all three lineages.

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PubMed2004

New Wolbachia endosymbionts from Nearctic and Neotropical fleas (Siphonaptera).

Several species of fleas (Siphonaptera), ectoparasites of mammals and birds, have recently been shown to harbor species of Wolbachia. Here, we extend this data set to 20 more species of Siphonaptera (Rhopalopsyllidae, Stephanocircidae, Pulicidae, Ceratophyllidae, Ctenophthalmidae, Ischnopsyllidae, Leptopsyllidae, and Malacopsyllidae) from sylvatic populations throughout the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Using polymerase chain reaction, we targeted the Wolbachia 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene. Applying maximum parsimony- and maximum likelihood-based algorithms, as well as statistical parsimony, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia 16S rDNA to evaluate its position within the known Wolbachia spp. The analysis recovered the siphonapteran Wolbachia 16S rDNA sequences as a monophyletic group and shows multiple haplotype connections between the Neotropical and Nearctic Wolbachia strains of fleas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ecology of flea groups of the species conformis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae: Xenopsylla) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries (review)].

Within the boundaries of the former USSR, the northern part of the conformis group distribution is located. It spreads over the arid regions of the Trans-Cacucasus, Pricaspijckaja lowland, Kazakhstan and Middle Asia. In this area 10 species and subspecies occur. They are mainly parasites of gerbillins. Unlike many other Siphonaptera the conformis fleas, when in the host's home, do not concentrate in the nest but inhabit the passages of burrow and food chambers throughout the year. On this reason the preimaginal development and existence of the adults take place not at the temperature of the habitable nest, which is heated by the host body, but at the temperature of the soil at a depth of burrow. The temperature threshold for preimaginal development of conformis fleas is reported to be 10-12 degrees. Temperature below the threshold is fatal for all immature instars. On the contrary the imago can survive at freezing temperature. The annual cycle of the conformis fleas is characterized by the presence of adults throughout the year. They breed in the warmer season and overwinter in the state of reproductive diapause. In this state the fleas are able to attack the host and to feed but do not deposit eggs. In the north deserts the reproduction begins at the early April and terminates at the early September. Southern, the reproductive period is longer. Furthermore, the complete interruption of the reproduction in the autumn-winter time may be absent as it was observed in X. gerbilli gerbilli and X. hirtipes in the south of the Middle Asia. On the other hand it is noted that in southern deserts the rate of oviposition falls in the most hot time. The number of generation per year in the conformis fleas varies from 2-3 in north deserts to 6-7 in south ones. The flea populations peak in late autumn when the insects cease to bread. The high abundance is maintained until springtime. After the diapause is ceased and the fleas begin breeding their abundance declines. In the late spring and early summer the emergence of adults begins and the populations increase. In a mild of summer the second fall takes place and then the fall is replaced by the autumnal peak. On their main hosts the conformis fleas prevail over all other species of Siphonaptera especially for warmer time when their quota among other fleas does not descend as a rule below 90% but more oftently it approaches to 100%. The fleas of this group and especially species parasitizing Rhombomys opimus are remarkable for the high level of their abundance. In the northern deserts in the periods of the most high abundance (late autumn, winter and early spring) the number of fleas per burrow occupied by family of Rh. opimus exceeds usually 1000 specimens and sometimes it can reach several thousands. In the southern deserts the abundance of the fleas is lower but the period of their active parasitizing is longer. In the species parasitizing Rh. opimus it is shown that in a complex burrow only some part of fleas has the possibility to feed regularly. In the spring and summer the percentage of fleas daily attacking the host varied from 17 to 86% and from 10 to 150 ectoparasites feed daily on one animal depending on the quantity of fleas and of hosts in the burrow. The number of attacking fleas is regulated by behaviour of the hosts, which change the used parts of burrow when the fleas are crowded there.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Neoparasitylenchus megabothridis n. sp. (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) parasite of Megabothris tubidus (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae); observations on fleas tylenchides in the S.W. of Europa (author's transl)].

A number of nematodes (Tylenchida, Allantonematidae) were observed in 11 species of Siphonaptera from the South-West of Europe. The fleas belong of 4 differents families (Pulicidae, Vermipsyllidae,Hystrichopsyllidae, Ceratophyllidae). Neoparasitylenchus megabothridis n. sp., parasite of the flea Megabothris turbidus (Rothschild, 1909), is described and the life cycle given. It shows little pathogenicity to tis host. Psyllotylenchus sp. parasite of Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc, 1801), appears to be a teratogenic and causes a feminisation of parasitised males and a masculinisation of females. A generic determination cannot be made with any certainty in the material collected from others fleas.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Psyllotylenchus chabaudi, n. sp. (Nematodea, Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), a parasite of Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc) (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)].

The authors describe a new species of entomogenous Nematoda: Psyllotylenchus chabaudi n. sp. (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) parasite of Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc) (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), a rat flea, accidentally present on Oryctolagus cuniculus. The new species of Allantonematidae presents in particular a very large preuteral gland. A comparison between the species of the genus Psyllotylenchus which are actually considered as valid is given in the diagnosis.

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PubMed2003

Additional description of a new species of Tunga (Siphonaptera) from Ecuador.

A new species of chigoe flea belonging to the genus Tunga Jarocki, 1838 (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae, Tunginae), Tunga trimamillata, was recently described by Pampiglione et al. (2002). A better description and more details of the epidemiology of the flea are now presented. It is a species found in goats, pigs and cattle in Santa Isabel in Andean Ecuador. This new species differs from its most similar congener, Tunga penetrans (L., 1758), by several features, the most important of which are a) the presence on the anterior extremity of the gravid female of three rounded humps surrounding the head and thorax (which, however, are not visible if viewed in profile), b) slightly larger dimensions and c) the length of the first segment of the maxillary palpi which is longer than each of the other three.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Bird fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera): taxonomic diversity, biogeographical distribution].

If Mammals are the primary hosts of Siphonaptera, 6% of them have changed their trophic appetency for Birds. What are the reasons, what are the adaptations to be adopted by Fleas, what are the families or species groups of fleas concerned, and at last what are the host-families? As to this last question, it is clear that deviation was ecological but not phyletical.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Larvae of the woodrat fleas Anomiopsyllus amphibolus and Atyphlocerus echis echis (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae).

The external morphology of Anomiopsyllus amphibolus Wagner, 1936 and Atyphloceras echis echis Jordan and Rothschild, 1915 larvae (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) from woodrat (Neotoma lepida) nests is described. Among known flea larvae, the genus Anomiopsyllus (Anomiopsyllinae, Anomiopsyllini) is as distinctive in larval form as are the adults. Among other distinctive features, only Anomiopsyllus are known to have only two ventrolateral setae. Atyphloceras (Hystrichopsyllinae, Hystrichopsyllini) larvae seem more similar in morphology to those of Typhloceras (Hystrichopsyllini) than to Hystrichopsylla, the other genus placed within the Hystrichopsyllini. Characters used to distinguish flea larvae found in Neotoma nests are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Systematic review of genera and subgenera of Rhopalopsyllinae (Siphonaptera: Rhopalopsyllidae) by phenetic and cladistic methods.

A systematic review of genera and subgenera of Siphonaptera Rhopalopsyllinae comprising nine operating taxonomic units is presented based on phenetic and cladistic analysis. Twenty-seven characters of adults were analyzed and the character states were determined for each character by the out-group method. Phenogram and cladograms indicated two tribes, each with two subtribes. Systematic changes proposed as a result of this study include the raising of the subgeneric status of Gephyropsylla, Hechteilla, and Ayeshaepsylla to independent genera; the recognition of a new genus, Neotropsylla, to include Polygenis guimaraesi Linardi; the division of the genus Polygenis Jordan into two subgenera: Neopolygenis subgen. n., to include species of the atopus group, and Polygenis s. str., for remaining species.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Notes on the geographical distribution and host preferences in the order Siphonaptera. Part 8. New taxa described between 1984 and 1990, with a current classification of the order.

An inventory of all new taxa erected in the order Siphonaptera between 1 January 1984 and 31 December 1990 is presented. This includes one subfamily, five tribes, one genus, five subgenera, and 158 species and subspecies. Taxon accounts include the names of authors and publication sources, as well as collection data. Where known, the depository of the primary type is also included. An extensive bibliography is given as well as an updated supraspecific classification for the entire order based on studies published during the last decade.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Résumé of the Siphonaptera (Insecta) of the world.

The world fauna of the order Siphonaptera is reviewed with respect to undescribed taxa, endangered species, taxonomic specialists, developmental stages, ultrastructure, taxonomic characters, host specificity, literature, fossil record, and the phylogenetic affinities of and within the order. The 15 currently recognized families are discussed with respect to their subfamilial, tribal, and generic classification. The numbers of species in these taxa are discussed and their general distribution and host preferences are briefly outlined. The current numbers of tribes, genera, and species, including invalid names, are listed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Taxonomic study of the genus Ctenocephalides Stiles & Collins, 1930 (Insecta: Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) by using aedeagus characters.

To define more accurately the taxonomic position of the species of Ctenocephalides Stiles & Collins, 1930 (Siphonaptera), a morphological study of the aedeagus was conducted an all taxa of this genus. Based on some phallosome structures (hamulus, lobes, tubus interior), an identification key is constructed to complement the existing taxonomic criteria. C. orientis and C. damarensis are confirmed to specific rank.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of black-tailed prairie dog burrows with deltamethrin to control fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) and plague.

Burrows within black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, were dusted with deltamethrin insecticide to reduce flea (Insecta: Siphonaptera) abundance. Flea populations were monitored pre- and posttreatment by combing prairie dogs and collecting fleas from burrows. A single application of deltamethrin significantly reduced populations of the plague vector Oropsylla hirsuta, and other flea species on prairie dogs and in prairie dog burrows for at least 84 d. A plague epizootic on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge caused high mortality of prairie dogs on some untreated colonies, but did not appear to affect nearby colonies dusted with deltamethrin.

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