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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Clinicopathological study of myoepithelial sialadenitis and chronic sialadenitis (sialolithiasis).

To determine any overlap in pathological features between myoepithelial sialadenitis and chronic sialadenitis/sialolithiasis histological sections from 69 cases of myoepithelial sialadenitis (MESA) (n = 7) and chronic sialadenitis/sialolithiasis (n = 62) were reviewed over a 10 year period. Three of the cases with MESA contained calculi and four of those originally diagnosed as chronic sialadenitis/sialolithiasis showed epimyoepithelial island formation. The presence of calculi should not rule out a diagnosis of MESA, particularly in the parotid gland where calculi are uncommon; as the incidence of MESA may very well be underestimated and diagnosed as chronic sialadenitis, these patients, who are at increased risk of developing lymphoma, could be lost to follow up.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Focal sialadenitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and spondyloarthropathy: a comparison with patients with rheumatoid arthritis or mixed connective tissue disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurrence of and risk factors for focal sialadenitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and spondyloarthropathy (SpA). METHODS: A total of 85 patients (25 with RA, 19 with MCTD, 19 with AS, 22 with SpA) participated in the study. Each patient filled out a questionnaire for eye and oral symptoms and for the use of medication, and was interviewed; other tests included Schirmer's test, laboratory tests, collection of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva, and minor salivary gland biopsy. A focus score of > or =1 was regarded as an indicator of focal sialadenitis. RESULTS: Focal sialadenitis was observed in 68% (57/84) of all patients. It affected 80% (20/25) of the patients with RA, 94% (17/18) of those with MCTD, 58% (11/19) of those with AS, and 41% (9/22) of those with SpA (chi(2) test, p=0.0013). Salivary secretion correlated negatively with the focus scores-that is, severity of focal sialadenitis. Patients with focal sialadenitis had both decreased salivary secretion and decreased tear secretion significantly more often than did patients without (chi(2) test, p=0.0074 and p=0.048 respectively). Patients with positive rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), or SSA or SSB antibodies had sialadenitis significantly more often than did patients with negative antibodies. In the subgroup of patients with AS or SpA, no associations were found between focal sialadenitis and the presence of these antibodies. CONCLUSION: In addition to patients with RA or MCTD, focal sialadenitis also affects a very high proportion of patients with AS or SpA. Focus scores are significantly higher in patients with RA or MCTD than in those with AS or SpA. A significant association exists between focal sialadenitis and RF, ANA, SSA and SSB. However, in the subgroup of patients with AS or SpA, no associations were found between focal sialadenitis and serological markers or clinical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Parotid and submandibular sialadenitis treated by salivary gland excision.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to compare and contrast the clinicopathological features and treatment outcome of chronic sialadenitis involving the parotid and submandibular glands, among patients who were treated by excision of the affected gland. METHODS: In a series of 88 patients treated over an 8-year period, 47 had parotid sialadenitis and 41 had submandibular sialadenitis. In the parotid group, 63% of patients were symptomatic for longer than 6 months compared with 27% in the submandibular group. Calculi were implicated in the disease process in 24% of patients with parotid sialadenitis, compared with 73% of patients with submandibular disease. RESULTS: Patients with parotid sialadenitis had superficial (n = 14) or near-total parotidectomy (n = 35), while those with submandibular sialadenitis underwent total gland excision. Complications occurred twice as frequently in the parotidectomy group. The rate of temporary facial nerve weakness was 29% after parotidectomy while marginal mandibular nerve dysfunction occurred after 12% of submandibular excisions. Both procedures were highly effective in permanently relieving the symptoms of sialadenitis. CONCLUSIONS: Parotid sialadenitis is infrequently associated with stones and tends to run a longer course before surgical intervention is necessary. Submandibular sialadenitis usually presents earlier, is secondary to calculi and requires early intervention.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2002

The genetic control of sialadenitis versus arthritis in a NOD.QxB10.Q F2 cross.

The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops diabetes and sialadenitis. The sialadenitis is characterized by histopathological changes in salivary glands and functional deficit similar to Sjögren's syndrome. In humans, Sjögren's syndrome could be associated with other connective tissue disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study the genetic control of sialadenitis in mice was compared to that of arthritis. We have previously reported a NOD locus, identified in an F2 cross with the H2(q) congenic NOD (NOD.Q) and C57BL/10.Q (B10.Q) strains, that promoted susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis. The sialadenitis in NOD.Q showed a similar histological phenotype as in NOD, whereas no submandibular gland infiltration was found in B10.Q. The development of sialadenitis was independent of immunization with type II collagen and established arthritis. To identify the genetic control of sialadenitis, a gene segregation experiment was performed on an (NOD.QxB10.Q)F2 cross and genetic mapping of 353 F2 mice revealed one significant locus associated with sialadenitis on chromosome 4, LOD score 4.7. The NOD.Q allele-mediated susceptibility under a recessive inheritance pattern. The genetic control of sialadenitis seemed to be unique in comparison to diabetes and arthritis, as no loci associated with these diseases have been identified at the same location.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Genetic basis of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice: additive and hierarchical properties of polygenic inheritance.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the mode of inheritance of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) lupus-prone mice and identify the susceptibility loci. METHODS: MRL/lpr, C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr (C3H/lpr), (MRL/lpr x C3H/lpr)F1 intercross, and MRL/lpr x (MRL/lpr x C3H/lpr)F1 backcross mice were prepared, and sialadenitis in individual mice was analyzed by histopathologic grading. The genomic DNA of the backcross mice was examined by simple sequence-length polymorphism analysis, and the highly associated polymorphic microsatellite markers with sialadenitis were determined as sialadenitis susceptibility loci. RESULTS: Four susceptible gene loci recessively associated with sialadenitis were mapped on chromosomes 10, 18, 4, and 1, respectively. These loci manifested additive and hierarchical properties in the development of sialadenitis. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice is under the control of polygenic inheritance, possibly involving allelic polymorphism.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of chronic sialadenitis in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome by local fasL gene transfer.

OBJECTIVE: Infection of Fas (Fas/CD95)-mutant C57BL/6 (B6)-lpr/lpr mice with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) leads to a chronic sialadenitis similar to that of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether chronic sialadenitis would also occur in Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L)-mutant B6-gld/gld mice upon infection with MCMV and whether the expression of FasL by local gene transfer using recombinant adenoviral vectors would be an effective therapeutic strategy. METHODS: B6-gld/gld mice were infected intraperitoneally with MCMV, and salivary glands were analyzed histologically at different time points. For treatment of sialadenitis, recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing the fasL gene (AdLoxpFasL + AxCANCre) or the lacZ gene (AdCMVLacZ) were locally injected into the salivary glands of MCMV-infected B6-gld/gld mice and uninfected B6-+/+ and B6-gld/gld mice. RESULTS: Following MCMV infection, B6-gld/gld mice developed an acute and chronic sialadenitis characterized by multiple foci of infiltrating T cells. After local injection of adenoviral vectors, high levels of lacZ or fasL gene expression could be detected in acinar and ductal cells. Treatment of acute and chronic sialadenitis in B6-gld/gld mice with local fasL gene transfer resulted in a significant reduction in the number of inflammatory foci and tissue destruction in salivary glands compared with mice treated with AdCMVLacZ. Despite high levels of FasL expression after injection of recombinant vectors, <5% of ductal and acinar cells were TUNEL positive, demonstrating that, in this model of SS, acinar and ductal cells were not highly sensitive to FasL-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Chronic sialadenitis similar to that of SS developed in B6-gld/gld mice after MCMV infection. FasL expression was reconstituted by local gene transfer, resulting in significant reduction of infiltrating mononuclear cells, which indicates that local gene transfer of fasL might be a novel treatment for chronic sialadenitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of immunomodulating treatment on autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice.

The autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mouse spontaneously develops sialadenitis with a morphological and phenotypical pattern similar to that seen in human Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This makes the MRL/l mouse a suitable model for therapeutical studies of autoimmune sialadenitis. We have, by histological and immunohistochemical techniques, analyzed the therapeutical effect of treatment with LS2616, a recently synthesized oxokinolinamide derivative, on sialadenitis in submandibular glands of MRL/l mice. The results were compared with effects obtained after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) and physiologic saline. Administration of both LS2616 and CY to MRL/l mice has previously been found to result in prolongation of survival and amelioration of organ pathology. However, only CY treatment reduced sialadenitis, while LS2616 increased the semiquantitatively assessed focal inflammation of salivary glands in 6 months old mice. No differences in T-cell phenotypes of infiltrating lymphoid cells in salivary glands between different treatment regims could be noted. However, the frequency of B-cells in the sialadenitis was decreased in the CY treated group. In contrast, CY but not LS2616 treatment normalized expression of T-helper and cytotoxic T-cell phenotypes as well as reduced the B-cell portion in lymph nodes. It is concluded that CY treatment can suppress sialadenitis although both LS2616 and CY are effective in prolongation lifespan of MRL/l mice. This may implicate different immunopathogenic mechanisms for development of sialadenitis versus other organ lesions in the autoimmune disease of MRL/l mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

[On the pathogenesis of the Küttner tumor of the submandibular gland -- Analysis of 349 cases with chronic sialadenitis of the submandibular (author's transl)].

In view of the etiology and pathogenesis of the so-called Kütter tumor (chronic sialadenitis of the submandibular gland) gland resections of 349 patients (salivary gland register at the Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg; period 165--1974) were analyzed pathohistologically. In 143 cases (41%) a sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland occurred simultaneously. Regarding the degree of the inflammation 4 stages were distinguished (stage 1 = focal sialadenitis; stage 2= diffuse lymphocytic sialadenitis with salivary gland fibrosis; stage 3 = chronic sclerosing sialadenitis with salivary gland sclerosis; stage 4= chronic progressive sialadenitis with salivary gland cirrhosis). Twenty-five per cent of the cases were classified in stage 1, 19% in stage 2, 38% in stage 3, and 18% in stage 4. A predominance of the male sex (70%) was observed especially in stage 4. The initial stage is characterized by a periductally lymphocytic infiltration, ectasias of the ducts, and alteration of the secret in the duct lumens (spheroliths, microliths). In stages 2--3 an increase of the inflammatory infiltration with lymph follicles, considerable alterations of the ducts (metaplasias, dysplasias, regenerates of the ducts), and a parenchymal reduction were found. This process is combined with an increase of the interstitial connective tissue and a cicatrication of the salivary gland parenchyma. In the final stage, 4, a cirrhotic gland transformation with progressive loss of the parenchyma and considerable duct destruction appeared. From the pathogenetic course of the inflammation and the comparison with other forms of sialadenitis, the conclusion is drawn that two etiologic factors are important in the Küttner tumor: an initial disturbance of secretion with an obstructive electrolyte sialadenitis and an immune reaction of the salivary duct system with the final phase of an obstructive, progressive immunosialadenitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effects of sialadenitis after cellular transfer in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice.

The MRL/Mp mice bearing a lymphoproliferative gene, lpr (MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr), provide an appropriate model for the study of autoimmune mechanisms leading to the destruction of salivary and lacrimal gland tissue in Sjögren's syndrome. By 7-8 weeks of age, progressive focal inflammatory cell infiltrates are observed in salivary glands. We examined the possibility of transferring this disorder into syngeneic, young animals. Spleen cells and infiltrating mononuclear cells (MNC) enzymatically eluted from salivary glands were used. The results showed that sialadenitis could be transferred in vivo to young MRL/lpr mice by splenic and salivary gland MNC. The most striking finding was observed in male recipients where the highest incidence of sialadenitis (5/5) was seen in the group injected intravenously with a small dose (1 x 10(6) of salivary gland MNC, CD8+ splenic cells alone were not able to transfer disease. On the other hand, CD4+ splenic cells induced a more severe sialadenitis compared to the control animals. The transfer of pooled cells from salivary glands resulted in the most severe and accelerating sialadenitis (P < 0.05) in female recipients compared with the control animals. Overall, the highest sialadenitis scores (> 0.10) were obtained only after transfer of CD4+ spleen cells and infiltrating salivary gland MNC. These findings indicate that sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice is mediated by cellular mechanisms and suggest that the infiltrating MNC have the ability to accelerate autoimmune disease in the salivary glands.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed1995

Short-term administration of selected anti-T-cell receptor V beta chain specific MoAb reduces sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice.

Sialadenitis develops spontaneously in MRL/Mp mice bearing a lymphoproliferative gene, lpr (MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr). Based on recent observations of an oligoclonal expansion of T-cell receptor (TCR) expressing V beta chain families (V beta 4, V beta 8.1,2, V beta 10b) in salivary glands of these mice we have initiated selective antibody therapy. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) specific for T cells expressing a mixture of TCR V beta 4, V beta 8.1,2 and V beta 10b was applied to MRL/lpr mice before and after the spontaneous development of sialadenitis. The in vivo treatment with V beta 4, V beta 8.1,2 and V beta 10b MoAb did not prevent the development of sialadenitis. However, in animals with established sialadenitis, treatment with the MoAb significantly decreased the inflammation compared with the control groups. Immunohistochemical staining of cell phenotypes demonstrated a change in the ratio of CD4/CD8 in the animals with established sialadenitis. Altogether, these findings illustrate that it is possible to modulate sialadenitis and infiltrate cell phenotypes in vivo in MRL/lpr mice with specific anti-TCR V beta MoAb treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Iodide-induced sialadenitis complicating coronary angiography.

Sialadenitis is an uncommon complication of intravenous administration of iodinated contrast medium. We present two cases of iodide-induced sialadenitis following coronary angiography. Clinical features and clues to differentiation from suppurative sialadenitis are discussed. The mechanism for aseptic iodide-induced sialadenitis remains unclear, but prognosis with conservative treatment is apparently good. Sialadenitis may recur with subsequent administration of contrast medium.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Epithelial HLA-DR expression in labial salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome and non-specific sialadenitis.

The expression of the Class II major histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR was quantified in the epithelial cells of labial salivary glands from patients with Sjögrens Syndrome (SS) and compared with similar expression in glands showing non-specific sialadenitis and normal controls. In all glands more duct cells were positive than acinar cells but only in sialadenitis and SS was strong epithelial staining seen. The proportions of duct and acinar cells expressing HLA-DR were increased between normals and sialadenitis (P less than 0.01) and between sialadenitis and SS (P less than 0.001). However, for all cases increased expression of HLA-DR correlated to the increased proportion of inflammatory cells in the gland (P less than 0.01). The results indicate that although HLA-DR is expressed on the epithelial cells in the glandular lesions of SS, this is not specific as it is also seen in sialadenitis. This supports the view that such expression is secondary to an inflammatory infiltrate and may not be of importance in initiating autoimmune tissue damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Differential diagnosis of sialadenosis and chronic sialadenitis].

Comprehensive examinations of 92 patients with various forms of chronic sialadenitis revealed similar changes in the salivary glands (SG) with obvious signs of sialadenitis and in the contralateral glands. Many changes in SG which were previously interpreted as sialadenitis are primary signs of sialadenosis. Ductal, parenchymatous, and interstitial forms of sialadenosis correspond to previous ductal, parenchymatous, and interstitial forms of sialadenitis. Common, relative, and absolute signs of diseases are defined, which allow differential diagnosis between various forms of sialadenitis and sialadenosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the sonographic features of acalculous and calculous submandibular sialadenitis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the sonographic features of acalculous and calculous sialadenitis of the submandibular gland. METHODS: A retrospective review of sonograms of the neck was performed in 25 patients with submandibular sialadenitis: 8 with acalculous and 17 with calculous disease. The submandibular glands were assessed for size, shape, border, and echogenicity; presence of dilated ducts or other intraglandular lesions; inflammatory changes in adjacent tissues; lymphadenopathy; and involvement of other salivary glands. RESULTS: In the group with acalculous sialadenitis, 4 (50%) of the 8 patients had unilateral disease, and 11 (92%) of 12 glands were rounded. In all cases (100%), multiple hypoechoic lesions were diffusely distributed throughout the submandibular glands against a heterogeneous parenchymal background. The lesions ranged from 3 to 15 mm and were oval or round. Confluent lesions were noted in 2 glands (17%). There was no sonographic evidence of duct dilatation, calculi, or abnormal lymph nodes. All patients with calculous sialadenitis had unilateral disease; 9 had a main duct calculus (53%), 7 had intraglandular calculi (41%), and 1 had both (6%). In 14 (82%) of 17 glands, normal shape was maintained, and 11 (65%) of 17 had duct dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: Acalculous submandibular sialadenitis differs from the calculous form of the disease. The former has characteristic sonographic features, including a round gland with numerous hypoechoic lesions in a heterogeneous parenchymal background. Sonographic imaging in conjunction with fine-needle aspiration is useful for detection of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Chronic non-specific parotid sialadenitis.

Chronic non-specific sialadenitis of the parotid gland is an insidious inflammatory disorder which is characterised by intermittent, often painful, swelling of the gland. The disease tends to progress and may lead to the formation of a fibrous mass. The purpose of this paper is to review our experience in the surgical management of patients with chronic non-specific parotid sialadenitis. In a consecutive series of 100 patients treated for benign parotid disease, 19 were found to have chronic non-specific sialadenitis; 10 were male and 9 female. Mean age was 46 years and the mean duration of symptoms was 4.6 years. Sialography was performed in two-thirds of the patients and 17 patients were treated by superficial parotidectomy. Thirteen patients developed temporary facial nerve weakness and three Frey's syndrome. Three patients complained of temporary paraesthesia of the cheek, and two developed painful neuroma of the greater auricular nerve. Although there were two cases of infection of the parotid duct remnant, no recurrence of deep lobe sialadenitis or fistula formation was noted. Histologically, 3 lesions showed mild chronic sialadenitis, the rest had widespread involvement of the gland, and prolonged duration of symptoms was associated with extensive and severe involvement of the gland. Superficial parotidectomy has a very high success rate, with minimal long-term complications, and should be offered early in established cases, to reduce unnecessary morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cytomegalovirus sialadenitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a potential diagnostic pitfall with fine-needle aspiration cytology.

We report three cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) sialadenitis which presented as parotid gland nodules in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. While CMV is known to widely infect patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we are aware of only a single report of CMV sialadenitis in a patient with AIDS (Pialoux et al.: Rev Infect Dis 1991;13:338). Utilizing fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology as the initial investigative modality, two cases were correctly diagnosed preoperatively while the third case displayed atypical features and was interpreted erroneously as carcinoma leading to surgical intervention. Upon review of these cases of CMV sialadenitis, the characteristic intranuclear inclusions are best identified with Papanicolaou (Pap) staining. CMV sialadenitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of painless salivary gland enlargement in patients with AIDS. We believe this lesion can be diagnosed preoperatively with FNA and the interpretation is aided by evaluating both Pap- and Giemsa-stained material.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Aseptic sialadenitis in preterm infants associated with long-term oro-gastric tube feeding.

UNLABELLED: Sialadenitis is a rare disease in the newborn and the pathogenesis in this age group is not fully understood. We report five cases of neonatal sialadenitis in stable preterm, gavage-fed infants at 2 to 6 weeks postnatal age. The occurrence of sialadenitis was observed in temporal relation to changes in enteral feeding routines in the unit which were initiated with the objective of promoting full breast feeding at discharge. Clinical presentation consisted of a tender palpable mass over one of the salivary glands, low-grade (37.5-38.3 degrees C) fever in conjunction with clinical malaise. C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were only moderately elevated. No suppuration from salivary ducts was present. Bacterial cultures were invariably negative. Viral investigations were not carried out. Aseptic sialadenitis was suggested as the cause of the symptoms. The clinical course was benign and the local tender mass over the salivary gland vanished shortly after intravenous fluids and antibiotics were started. CONCLUSION: Long-term exclusive oro-gastric feeding may result in reduced reflex salivary gland stimulation, saliva production and hence ductal clearance of mucoid saliva, leading to functional ductal obstruction and local inflammation.

Enteral Nutrition↗