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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Renal manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases: sexually transmitted diseases and the kidney.

The adolescent population is particularly vulnerable to STDs. Those that cause significant kidney disease are of viral origin. The primary VVD are HIV-1, HBV, and HCV. Screening of high-risk populations should include quantitation of proteinuria, including total protein and microalbumin, to assess severity of renal damage and potential for progression. Renal biopsy is indicated for diagnosis and for planning important treatment interventions if there is significant proteinuria or decreased renal function. Causes of acute renal failure are frequently reversible and should be treated aggressively. These include HUS, vaso-motor or ischemic acute tubular necrosis, and drug toxicities. The spectrum of chronic kidney disease associated with VVD is broad and may include systemic manifestations of vasculitis. HIV-associated nephropathy is the prototype, with the most prevalent lesion remaining FSGS. Progression occurs in up to 15% of the patients, who are overwhelmingly of African lineage. Significant advances in management include ongoing development of HAART, angiotensin antagonists to control proteinuria, and novel immune-modulating drugs such as MMF, CsA, and rituximab. Dialysis therapies have offered improved survival, especially in pediatric patients. Moreover, transplantation is no longer considered experimental and should be offered to select patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

National survey of dermatologists and residency training program directors on dermatology's role in treating sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases have increased in both prevalence and public concern over recent years; however, current treatment of sexually transmitted diseases remains fragmented among several specialty groups. In this study, dermatologists, who historically were the leaders in the treatment of sexually transmitted disease, were surveyed to assess their training, practice activity, and attitudes toward sexually transmitted disease. An overwhelming majority of dermatologists and training program directors stated that most sexually transmitted diseases should be treated primarily by dermatologists. Factors that restricted dermatologists' involvement in sexually transmitted diseases included inadequate public awareness of dermatology's role in treating these diseases, the limited number of direct patient visits, and limited physician referrals. This study indicates that dermatologists want to increase their role in sexually transmitted disease and favor making the public aware of their interest and ability.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1991

The clinical experience with ofloxacin in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases are an important cause of morbidity in women. Some of the common causes of sexually transmitted disease include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and in some patients Ureaplasma urealyticum. N. gonorrhoeae has become more resistant to traditional therapies including penicillin. Resistance to penicillin is mediated by the elaboration of beta-lactamase for most organisms and by chromosomal resistance in others. Resistance to tetracycline and spectinomycin has been clearly identified, as has an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentrations to some cephalosporins. Because of the potential for concomitant infection with N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis, many patients are currently treated with a combination of a single dose of ceftriaxone plus a tetracycline for 7 days. Therefore it is significant that a single agent, ofloxacin, has been introduced recently for the treatment of such mixed infections. It also has the potential for treating N. gonorrhoeae resistant to other drugs.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1992

Adolescents and sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a serious health problem for adolescents, occurring in an estimated one-quarter of sexually active teen-agers. Many of the health problems--including STDs--result from specific risk-taking behaviors. Determinants of STD risks among adolescents include behavioral, psychological, social, biological, institutional factors. Education is an important component in STD control in adolescents. The goal of education is to increase adolescent self-efficiency in practicing STD prevention and risk-reduction. A comprehensive approach including quality, theory-based education, accessible and effective health clinics, and improved social and economic conditions has the most promise of controlling STDs in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cutaneous manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases remain a prevalent problem in the United States and throughout the world, despite efforts in prevention and education. This review highlights the cutaneous manifestations of the following sexually transmitted diseases: syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale, genital herpes, genital warts, scabies, and pediculosis pubis. Emphasis is placed on the clinical findings, diagnostic methodology, and recommended treatment for each disease.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) constitute a major health burden in the United States, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, genital lesions, genital neoplasms, adverse pregnancy outcomes, immune system dysfunction, liver disease, and even death. STDs disproportionately affect adolescents and young adults. Of the estimated 15 million STDs that occur annually each year in the United States, 4 million are among adolescents and 6 million among young adults. The current epidemic is complicated by the high asymptomatic carrier state associated with most STDs and the inadequate protection of condoms in preventing transmission. Sexually active individuals, particularly adolescents, must be educated on the ramifications of early onset of sexual activity and the health consequences of multiple sexual partners.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases frequently affect the mucous membranes producing characteristic and potentially diagnostic lesions on the oral mucosa. This article reviews the classic route of transmission and the corresponding clinical presentation of several of the sexually transmitted viruses, including herpes virus types I and II, Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human papilloma virus, molluscum contagiosum, as well as the human immunodeficiency virus. Bacterial infections such as syphilis, gonorrhea, as well as the fungus candida are reviewed under the umbrella of STDs with potential oral involvement encountered in the sexually active patient.

Candidiasis, Oral↗
PubMed1989

International travel and sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a group of communicable diseases transferred mainly by sexual contact. Population movements are undoubtedly a major contributing factor in the spread of STDs. Owing to the ease of modern travel, larger numbers of people are moving around than ever before in peacetime. Travellers may both import and export infection, and the importance of their role in the transmission of STDs is demonstrated by the rapid worldwide spread of penicillinase-producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and AIDS. While in most industrialized countries the incidence of the classic STDs (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid) has decreased during the last decade, they remain hyperendemic in many developing countries due to poorly developed STD services. In many industrialized countries, the incidence of genital C. trachomatis infection now exceeds that of gonococcal infection. Chlamydial infections were previously thought to be infrequent in developing countries, but recent research has made it clear that this infection is at least as frequent as gonorrhoea. Incidence of genital herpes and genital human papilloma-virus infections (HPV) has increased dramatically during the last 20 years. Now that international travel takes place increasingly by air, it is more likely than previously for a traveller to return home within the incubation period of many STDs. Moreover, people behave differently when they travel. Tourists travel to seek adventure and new experiences, including sex. In countries where a good notification system exists, up to 30% of new cases of syphilis were found to be acquired abroad. Since PPNG appeared in 1976, these strains have spread to almost all areas of the world. During the first five years of the epidemic, most cases in Europe and the United States of America were imported. Measures for preventing STDs are the same whether the individual is travelling or not. Abstinence or sexual intercourse between two mutually-faithful uninfected partners exclusively are the only totally effective prevention strategies. The risk of infection can also be significantly reduced by adopting safe sexual practices such as the use of condoms. Prophylactic use of an antibiotic is not recommended, however.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Diagnosis and treatment of common sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common and often are asymptomatic. This article reviews the presentation and treatment recommendations for some of the most common symptomatic STDs, as well as reviews recent advances in diagnostic methods that may impact patient care.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

History of U.S. military contributions to the study of sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases have posed a threat to military service members throughout history. Among these diseases, syphilis, gonorrhea, and human immunodeficiency virus infections have accounted for the most significant morbidity and mortality rates in the U.S. military. In response, military researchers have made significant contributions to the treatment and prevention of these diseases. We review the impact of these diseases through the history of the U.S. Armed Forces and review selected sexually transmitted disease-oriented publications of U.S. military researchers.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1993

Contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major cause of ill health in women and their sexual partners and children. Contraceptive methods alter in various ways the risk of acquiring STD but assessment of the odds ratio is difficult due to the many confounding factors. Spermicides have been reported to kill a wide range of bacteria and viruses including HIV in vitro and to protect in vivo from infection by gonorrhoea, chlamydia and pelvic inflammatory disease (organisms unspecified). Spermicides will not cure pre-existing infections. Condoms and diaphragms will give some protection from bacterial and viral infections in all parts of the genital tract. Hormonal contraception and tubal ligation give protection to the upper genital tract but not the cervix. Carcinoma of the cervix follows the same pattern as STDs. The risk of pelvic infection in intrauterine device users is discussed in the chapter by Bromham (pp 100-123, this issue).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Update on bacterial sexually transmitted disease.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the most frequently reported bacterial infections. In 1990, slightly more than 700,000 cases of gonococcal disease were reported to the Centers for Disease Control, and the estimated incidence of chlamydial infections is 3 million to 4 million annually. Bacterial genital ulcer diseases such as syphilis and chancroid are increasing in epidemic proportions. The author reviews bacterial STDs in two categories: exudative mucosal infections and genital ulcer diseases.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Educational requirements of human sexuality in the counseling for and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are usually stigmatizing, displaying not only medical but also social, psychological, and/or sexual consequences. Thus, it is of importance to provide STD patients with qualified counseling including three goals (1) providing comprehensive medical care; (2) providing information aimed at preventing spread of disease or reinfection; and (3) reducing social, psychological, and/or sexual sequelae. To accomplish these goals, health professionals need to be comfortable with their own sexuality, sensitive to patients' sexual concerns or problems, familiar with basic sexological knowledge, aware of their professional limitations, and warm, supportive, genuine, and empathic in the professional patient relationship. It is of further importance to not imply that sexual partners are necessarily of the opposite sex. Professionals often feel incapable of giving help as to sexual issues partly because a lack of basic knowledge and skills and partly because professionals are affected, like their patients, by taboos and constraints that make it difficult to talk about sexuality. Therefore, there is a need for including sexuality issues in professional training courses, focusing on preparing health personnel to provide patients with permission to talk about individual sexual concerns, as well as with information and specific suggestions related to a given sexual topic. Through increased awareness of one's own sexual affective attitudinal orientation combined with sexological knowledge and clinical skills, health professionals will become better counselors in human sexuality and hence in primary prevention of STDs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Measuring the transmission dynamics of a sexually transmitted disease.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) occur throughout the animal kingdom and are generally thought to affect host population dynamics and evolution very differently from other directly transmitted infectious diseases. In particular, STDs are not thought to have threshold densities for persistence or to be able to regulate host population density independently; they may also have the potential to cause host extinction. However, these expectations follow from a theory that assumes that the rate of STD spread depends on the proportion (rather than the density) of individuals infected in a population. We show here that this key assumption ("frequency dependence"), which has not previously been tested in an animal STD system, is invalid in a simple and general experimental model. Transmission of an STD in the two-spot ladybird depended more on the density of infected individuals in the study population than on their frequency. We argue that, in this system, and in many other animal STDs in which population density affects sexual contact rate, population dynamics may exhibit some characteristics that are normally reserved for diseases with density-dependent transmission.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social marketing applied to condom promotion: a proposal for intervention in groups at risk for sexually transmitted diseases].

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are an important worldwide health problem. Their association with AIDS an other insidious viral processes have brought them to the foreground of sanitary authorities and general population concern. Often, health services have to struggle with reinfections, which concentrate in pockets of risk that consume large amount of care and constitute an important link in the transmission of these diseases. General publicity have little impact among high risk groups. Thus, it becomes necessary to be more precise and divide into segments the target population we want to reach. Prevention of reinfection in these communities requires the implementation of healthy behaviours through the promotion of a tangible product (condom). Regarding these considerations, social marketing emerges as the right instrument to be used. Through individual focused interviews with prostitutes, homosexual and young promiscuous heterosexual patients from a STDs Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment Centre, determining factors of the use condoms and related behaviour guidelines have been identified. Also, a social marketing strategy is suggested to prevent these diseases among groups at risk by means of condom promotion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laboratory investigation: sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases are among the most common infectious diseases and pose a major public health concern globally. Unfortunately, such diseases are often asymptomatic, and are left untreated for long periods of time-resulting in significant health care costs and morbidity rates. In recent years, the advancement in diagnostic testing has been tremendous, especially at the molecular level of disease. In the paper to follow, we will attempt to examine diagnostic techniques traditionally used (microscopic examination and culture) to identify STDs and compare them to newly introduced techniques (including DNA amplification and hybridization) that provide higher sensitivity and specificity, as well as shorter result reporting time.

DNA Probes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation and management of selected sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) represent some of the oldest and most prevalent infectious diseases of humans. Currently and with changes in lifestyles, the short list of STDs has grown to currently comprise 21 different infections and infestations. In this review, we concentrate on those infections that are common and which require special approach and handling. Gonorrhea and nongonococcal urethritis comprise more than half of STDs. The approach and management of these patients is briefly outlined. The important role contact tracing and education play in improving preventive practices of these infections is emphasized. Syphilis is presented in a simplified approach touching on presentation, diagnosis and treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗