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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Truth and consequences: using the bogus pipeline to examine sex differences in self-reported sexuality.

Men report more permissive sexual attitudes and behavior than do women. This experiment tested whether these differences might result from false accommodation to gender norms (distorted reporting consistent with gender stereotypes). Participants completed questionnaires under three conditions. Sex differences in self-reported sexual behavior were negligible in a bogus pipeline condition in which participants believed lying could be detected, moderate in an anonymous condition, and greatest in an exposure threat condition in which the experimenter could potentially view participants responses. This pattern was clearest for behaviors considered less acceptable for women than men (e.g., masturbation, exposure to hardcore & softcore erotica). Results suggest that some sex differences in self-reported sexual behavior reflect responses influenced by normative expectations for men and women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The AIDS profile in a low risk country: the central role of bisexual men.

BACKGROUND: Policies and measures for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) transmission require adequate information about the risk profile of AIDS which is time-, place- and population-dependent. We have studied the risk factors for AIDS among men in Greece, a country with relatively low incidence of AIDS. METHODS: A case-control study of all male patients with incident disease, who have been diagnosed in the major university-affiliated, AIDS Unit from February 1995 through August 1997 was conducted in Athens, Greece, a country with relatively low incidence of AIDS. Eighty-three AIDS patients were enrolled and an equal number of orthopaedic patients as controls. All interviews were conducted by the same physician and took place in the hospital. RESULTS: There were no differences among heterosexual men with AIDS, homo- or bi-sexual men with AIDS, and controls with respect to any socio-economic variable. The odds ratio for AIDS among homo- or bi-sexual men, in comparison with heterosexual men, was 51.5 (95% confidence intervals 21.6-122.7). Blood transfusion, intravenous drug abuse and haemophilia were less important risk factors for AIDS in this study. Condom use was generally very low and there was a tendency for lesser use among men at highest risk for HIV transmission, that is, those with a preference for receptive anal intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: AIDS among men in Greece is mainly driven by homosexual behaviour, but the relatively high proportion of bisexual men and the relatively low frequency of condom use are warning signs for the potential of the epidemic to expand in the future. The relatively low incidence of AIDS in Greece, in comparison with other European populations, may be due to a phase difference in the epidemic, but it could also be due to the traditional role separation of homosexuals in this geographical area, and the easy accessibility of disposable syringes and needles in Greece.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2002

Cautious caregivers: gender stereotypes and the sexualization of men nurses' touch.

AIM: The aim of this research was to explore the experience of men nurses and the ways in which gender relations structure different work experiences for women and men in the same profession. BACKGROUND: Men are now entering the nursing profession in record numbers and challenging the notion that men are inappropriate in caregiver roles or incapable of providing compassionate and sensitive care. A limitation of the current state of knowledge regarding caring and men nurses is that it is primarily focused on men nursing students, not practising nurses. Little is known about men nurses' practices of caring and how such practices reflect the gendered nature of nursing and nurses' caring work. METHODS: The theme of men nurses as cautious caregivers emerged from data that were collected in two rounds of semi-structured interviews with eight men nurses practising in Nova Scotia, Canada. Thematic analysis, informed by feminist theory and masculinity theory, was used as the method for analysing the data. FINDINGS: For men nurses, the stereotype of men as sexual aggressors is compounded by the stereotype that men nurses are gay. These stereotypes sexualize men nurses' touch and create complex and contradictory situations of acceptance, rejection and suspicion of men as nurturers and caregivers. They also situate men nurses in highly stigmatized roles in which they are subject to accusations of inappropriate behaviour. For men nurses, this situation is lived as a heightened sense of vulnerability and the continual need to be cautious while touching and caring for patients. Ultimately, this situation impacts on the ability of men nurses to do the caring work they came into nursing to do.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Effect of oestrogen therapy on plasma and urinary levels of uric acid.

Uric acid clearance studies were carried out on a low-purine diet in 22 trans-sexual men before and during oestrogen therapy for this condition (stilboestrol in 21 cases, ethinyloestradiol in one). Plasma uric acid fell in 15 of the subjects and urinary uric acid rose in 17 of 20 subjects in whom satisfactory collections were obtained. These changes are significant and it is suggested that hormonal influences are responsible for the known age and sex differences in plasma uric acid.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Alcohol's effects on sexual perception.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines hypotheses about alcohol's effects on sexual judgments based on both alcohol and misperception theories. It was hypothesized that gender, alcohol consumption and alcohol expectancy set would influence perceptions of sexuality. METHOD: Participants were unacquainted women and men (88 dyads) who interacted for 15 minutes within the context of the balanced placebo design. After the conversation ended, participants answered questions about their behavior and their partners' behavior. Conversations were videotaped and coded by trained raters. RESULTS: Men perceived their female partner and themselves as behaving more sexually than women perceived their male partner and themselves. When alcohol was consumed, both women and men were perceived as behaving more sexually and in a more disinhibited manner than when alcohol was not consumed. Ratings made by members of white and black dyads were largely comparable. Trained observers coded participants' use of active attention and dating availability cues. Both types of cues interacted with alcohol consumption such that intoxicated participants exaggerated the meaning of strong (dating availability) cues and ignored the meaning of ambiguous (active attention) cues when making sexual judgments. CONCLUSIONS: Supporting past research on gender differences in perceptions of sexuality, men were more sexually attracted to their opposite-sex partner than women were. Both women's and men's sexual judgments were influenced by alcohol consumption but not by alcohol expectancy set. Intoxicated participants' responses to their partners' behavioral cues supported cognitive impairment models of alcohol's effects. The implications of these findings for theories about alcohol's effects on sexuality and for prevention programming are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Psychological characteristics of infertile patients: discriminating etiological factors from reactive changes.

Our objective was to discriminate psychological factors playing an etiological role in infertility and psychological problems as consequences of infertility. The design was a prospective study of couples with initially Undetermined Fertility (UF couples) and couples with initially Known Infertility (KI couples). After a 13-month follow-up, three groups could be defined: fertile UF couples; infertile UF couples; and KI couples. Hypotheses were the following. If a psychological factor played an etiological role, measures in fertile UF couples should be different from measures in infertile UF couples and in KI couples. If a psychological measure reflected a reactive change, KI couples should differ from both groups of UF couples. Finally, if a psychological variable played both roles, the three pairwise comparisons between groups should reveal differences, with the largest difference between fertile UF couples and KI couples. The questionnaires used were the Child Project Questionnaire (CPQ), with three factor scores (different for men and women) and a Sexual Problems Score (SPS); the Dyadic Adjustment Scale; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; the Neonatal Perception Inventory. In women, on CPQ factor II, i.e. Frequency of Thoughts and Concerns related to the Project to Conceive a Child and on the SPS, KI women had scores significantly higher than both groups of UF women. In men, on CPQ factor II, i.e. Quality of Integration between Wish for a Child and Sexuality, men from fertile UF couples had significantly higher scores than men from both infertile groups; the two latter groups did not differ significantly. On the SPS, scores of men from infertile UF couples and scores of men from KI couples were significantly higher than scores of men from fertile UF couples; scores were similar in both groups of men from infertile couples. We conclude that in women, CPQ factor II and sexual problems reflected reactive changes to infertility and that in men CPQ factor II and sexual problems represented etiological factors.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1999

[Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)].

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with all epidemiological forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphomas. HHV-8 is a gamma herpesvirus and his genome consists of an estimated 140 kb long unique coding region. Sero-epidemiologic studies support the findings that infection by HHV-8 in the occidental countries is not ubiquitous. The main routes of transmission for HHV-8 is sexual contact at least in homo-sexual men, however distribution of the prevalence of HHV-8 in Africa suggests that this virus could be transmitted by other ways such as mother to child or child to child. Analysis of the genome of HHV-8 identified an imprecedent numbers of genes implicated in cellular growth which have potentially a major role in tumorogenesis. Morphologic studies based on electron-microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization suggest that most of the cells in HHV-8-related tumours are latently infected. Efforts must concentrate on finding the best systems for growing the virus in cell cultures and in the strategy of treatment and (or) prevention of HHV-8-related tumours especially in organ transplant patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Sex hustling, injection drug use, and non-gay identification by men who have sex with men. Associations with high-risk sexual behaviors and condom use.

OBJECTIVE: To explore differences in demographic characteristies, risk practices, and preventive behaviors among subgroups of men who have sex with men (MSM), including gay- and non-gay-identified MSM, MSM who inject drugs, and those engaging in sex hustling. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires in a purposive sample of MSM. SETTING: Gay bars, bath houses, adult video arcades, and out-door crusing areas in Denver and Long Beach. PARTICIPANTS: Men who reported oral or anal sex with another man in the past year with oversampling of non-gay-identified MSM. RESULTS: Of 1,290 MSM, 417 (32%) did not gay-identify, 86 (7%) were drug injectors, and 117 (9%) were hustlers. Of drug-injecting MSM, 55% reported sex hustling and 40% of hustlers reported injection drug use. Hustling was associated with higher number of partners, more frequent anal sex with men and women, and less frequent condom use during anal sex with occasional male partners. Hustlers and drug-injecting MSM used condoms less consistently during vaginal intercourse with female partners than did other MSM. CONCLUSIONS: Among MSM, subgroups at particularly high risk for HIV can be identified. Although these subgroups may be relatively small, they may be important epidemiologic links to the larger MSM and heterosexual communities and warrant focused behavioral interventions to prevent the further spread of HIV.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in the contraceptive method mix during fertility decline: Latin America and the Caribbean].

"This paper reviews survey-based data regarding contraceptive prevalence and methods employed in Latin America and the Caribbean, with an emphasis on changes in the mix of methods over time. The most striking recent trend is the rise in use of female sterilization.... By contrast, use of male sterilization remains negligible in most countries. The oral contraceptive pill is by far the most popular of the temporary methods, though its prevalence has more often declined than increased in recent years. Together female sterilization and the pill make up around [two-thirds] of contraceptive practice in Latin America and the Caribbean." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗