Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Sexual and Gender Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexuality at the end of life.

There is very little research literature that addresses sexuality at the end of life. Although end-of-life care has become a priority for nursing education, the issue of end-of-life sexuality is not included in the curriculum. Nurses are frequently in a position to establish relationships with couples that encourage a frank discussion and information sharing. As patient advocates, nurses can address end-of-life sexuality issues by taking a sexual history and implementing a general intervention model, such as the PLISSIT. Couples need to be reassured that if they have enjoyed a close sexual relationship, sexual intimacy may continue to be part of their relationship, even at the end of life.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Older women's sexuality.

In consultations with older women, doctors should ask about sexual problems. A holistic approach is needed to examine the many different factors that can affect sexuality. Hormonal changes associated with ageing have an impact on women's sexuality. Doctors need to have a clear idea of the place of hormonal treatment for different sexual problems. Physical changes associated with ageing, including illness and disability, may interfere with sexual expression. Diseases of the endocrine, vascular and nervous systems will most commonly affect sexual function. A broad range of psychosocial factors associated with ageing may influence sexuality.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Cassandra.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Quality of life and gender role behavior in disorders of sexual differentiation in India.

OBJECTIVE: Culture-specific tools to assess longterm psychosocial outcomes for patients with disorders of sexual differentiation are scant. We conducted a study to develop tools for evaluating gender role behavior and health related quality of life for Indian adolescent patients with intersex disorders. We also studied factors important to parents while deciding sex of rearing for their baby. METHODS: A 29-item gender role behavior questionnaire and an 18-item health related quality-of-life questionnaire were administered to 82 healthy controls, 13 patients with intersex disorders and 18 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Internal consistency was checked by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficient. Responses of 28 parents to a questionnaire on factors affecting the decision of sex of rearing were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale in order of importance. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 and 0.75, and intra-class correlation coefficient 0.76 and 0.75, for the gender role behavior and quality-of-life questionnaires respectively, indicating a high degree of internal consistency and stability. The mean composite scores for healthy girls on the gender role behavior questionnaire (82.5 +/- 8.7) differed significantly from that for healthy boys (53.2 +/- 7.1, p <0.001). Factors important to parents while making decisions for sex of rearing were appearance of the genitalia, medical advice, ability to bear children and economic independence. CONCLUSIONS: We have created valid tools to study gender role behavior and quality of life in adolescent patients with intersex disorders in India. We have also identified in a quantitative way the factors of greatest importance to parents while deciding sex of rearing. These results have direct utility in the management of patients with intersex disorders in India and other similar cultures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The neurobiology, neuropharmacology, and pharmacological treatment of the paraphilias and compulsive sexual behaviour.

There has been increasing interest in the treatment of sexual disorders in recent years. Sexual disorders are classified in DSM-IV as sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender identity disorders. The sexual dysfunctions are nondeviant or nonparaphillic. The sexual dysfunction disorders should include "hyperactive sexual desire disorder" under sexual desire disorders. Further, there should be a specifier for paraphilias of "with hypersexuality" or "without hypersexuality." There is still incomplete understanding of the neurobiology of sexual disorders although functional neuroanatomy and neoropharmcological research has exposed the neurotransmitters, receptors, and hormones that are involved in sexual desire. Various pharmacological agents including serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antiandrogens, LHRH agonists, and others have been documented as reducing sexual desire. An algorithm for the use of these drugs in the treatment of the paraphilias as well nonparaphilic hypersexuality is outlined. The modes of action, dosages, aims of treatment, and usual methods of prescribing these agents is reviewed in this article. Some future directions of research in pharmacological treatment is also discussed.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed2004

Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy has attracted considerable attention over recent years. Significant beneficial effects of DHEA replacement have been reported in patients representing the pathophysiological model of complete DHEA deficiency, in other words, adrenal insufficiency (AI). This includes effects on well-being, energy levels, mood, and libido, which is usually impaired in AI, particularly in female patients. DHEA exerts its action mainly indirectly via downstream metabolism to sex steroids, and conversion to active androgens is likely to play a major role. In addition, DHEA has well-described neurosteroidal properties, and by exerting anti-gamma aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic action it may have antidepressive potential. Other patient groups that may benefit from DHEA replacement are patients receiving chronic exogenous glucocorticoid treatment, which invariably leads to persistent suppression of DHEA production. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, DHEA has been shown to reduce disease activity and has a glucocorticoid-sparing effect. However, caution is required regarding DHEA treatment in individuals with only a relative decline in circulating DHEA levels. This particularly includes the physiological decline of DHEA and its sulfate ester observed with aging. Even the elderly maintain circulating levels of DHEA that are orders of magnitude higher than what is observed in AI. Even physiological menopause does not necessarily lead to a decrease in circulating androgens while estrogen production invariably ceases. Current evidence from randomized, controlled trials in healthy elderly persons including several cohorts of postmenopausal women does not justify the use of DHEA. However, DHEA may be a suitable option for androgen replacement in women with established androgen deficiency, for example, bilateral oophorectomy and premature menopause.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1997

[Gender issues and eating disorders].

Sexual problems are not specific for eating disorders. The etiology is complex and no one single causal facter has been identified. However, clinical as well as epidemiological studies have shown that eating disorders occur more commonly in females than males. The evidence that eating disorders are more common in females has resulted in the postulation that socio-cultural factors may be important. An important aspect of the socio-cultural position of women which may contribute to eating disorders is the conflict in roles. Clinical experience and research have shown the important role of sexual problems and traumas in the development of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. When compared to anorexics, bulimics reported greater sexual interest and activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Unresolved issues in scientific sexology.

A number of unresolved issues in sexology research and practice are reviewed. Penile volume assessment of sexual arousal has consistently proved more sensitive than penile circumference assessment and requires much shorter exposure to the erotic stimuli eliciting the arousal, reducing the subjects' ability to modify their responses. Failure to acknowledge this has allowed acceptance of evidence based on penile circumference assessment that behavioral treatments such as directed masturbation can increase the ability of sex offenders to be heterosexually aroused and aversive therapy can reduce their deviant urges whereas penile volume assessment indicates these procedures are ineffective. A randomized controlled trial of relapse prevention versus no treatment for sex offenders found more treated than untreated subjects reoffended after a mean follow-up period of 4 years. Researchers and therapists accepted that a post hoc statistical manipulation of the results provided evidence of a treatment effect. Subsequently it has been recommended that randomized controlled evaluations of treatments of sex offenders be abandoned. Meta-analysis of outcome studies has been used uncritically. The majority of men and women who report homosexual feelings and/or behavior report predominant heterosexual feelings and behavior and do not identify as homosexual. These consistent findings remain ignored. Studies of the etiology and development of homosexuality and heterosexuality treat them as distributed categorically rather than dimensionally and investigate only self-identified homosexuals and heterosexuals. With this methodology the predominantly heterosexual majority are excluded or misclassified. The belief that the European concept of the homosexual is a late 19th-century invention is based on an inadequate reading of literature. Limitations of the DSM classification of sexual and gender identity disorders are pointed out. The validity of self-report of sexual behavior has been questioned on the basis that men report a markedly higher average number of sexual partners than women. Possible sex differences in reporting the number of partners who are of the same sex, casual, or perpetrators or victims of sexual coercion and child abuse have not been taken into account. Failure of sexology to progress due to lack of resolution of conflicting issues may contribute to the low impact factor of its journals.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Childhood sexual abuse predicts poor outcome seven years after parasuicide.

BACKGROUND: There is substantial empirical research linking borderline personality disorder with prolonged mental instability and recurrent suicidality. At the same time, a growing body of observations links borderline personality disorder to sexual abuse and other forms of abuse and trauma in childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate among patients admitted for parasuicide the predictive value for outcome 7 years after the parasuicide of a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder compared to the predictive value of a history of childhood sexual abuse. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the time of the index parasuicide, with follow-up interviews 7 years later. In addition, information was collected from medical records at the psychiatric clinic. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess the specific influence of the covariates borderline personality disorder, gender and reported childhood sexual abuse on the outcome variables. RESULTS: Univariate regression analysis showed higher odds ratios for borderline personality disorder, female gender and childhood sexual abuse regarding prolonged psychiatric contact and repeated parasuicides. A combined logistic regression model found significantly higher odds ratios only for childhood sexual abuse with regard to suicidal ideation, repeated parasuicidal acts and more extensive psychiatric support. CONCLUSION: The findings support the growing body of evidence linking the characteristic symptoms of borderline personality disorder to childhood sexual abuse, and identify sexual abuse rather than a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder as a predictor for poor outcome after a parasuicide. The findings are relevant to our understanding and treatment of parasuicide patients, especially those who fulfil the present criteria for borderline personality disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gender identity disorder: a review of the past 10 years.

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinically relevant literature on gender identity disorder (GID) in children and adolescents over the past 10 years. METHOD: All literature referring to gender identity and children or adolescents from 1985 on was reviewed. RESULTS: Changes in the DSM-IV nomenclature include (1) adoption of the single diagnosis of GID to apply to children, adolescents, and adults; (2) changes in the format of the criteria; and (3) placement in the section "Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders." Rates of associated psychopathology in children with GID are comparable with those in children with other psychiatric disorders, particularly disorders that are internalizing in form. Biological and psychosocial factors thought to be relevant in the development of GID are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Research is required to elucidate the complicated interaction between biological and psychosocial factors in the development of GID and to evaluate treatment efficacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The influence of technical products on sexual activity and gender relations: oral contraceptive, condom, oral treatments of sexual disorders].

Over the past fifty years, sexuality has been marked by an increasing interest in sexual and reproductive health. This progression can be seen in changes in legislation, in social norms, in sexual practices and in gender relations. It is also characterised by the introduction and use of various technical products, which have a direct impact on both sexual activity and its consequences: contraception, methods of sexually transmissible infections prevention and treatment for male impotence. Irrespective of their usefulness or their technical effectiveness, these different products are endowed with a symbolic identity that reflects dominant representations of sexuality and the sexual roles of men and women. An analysis of the way in which these products are used illustrates how they have contributed to the development of scenarios of sexual relations, by distributing specific roles to men and to women. Three models of sexuality associated with each product have been analysed: liberated sexuality, protected sexuality, and functional sexuality.

Condoms↗
PubMed2006

Reboxetine induced erectile dysfunction and spontaneous ejaculation during defecation and micturition.

This is a case report of reboxetine induced erectile dysfunction, seminal emission and ejaculation during defecation and micturition. A 44 year old male who had been suffering from depression without any sexual dysfunction was put on venlafaxine XR treatment. Due to delayed ejaculation and occasional episodes of absence of ejaculation he was switched to reboxetine. At the second week of treatment he reported erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, and seminal emission and ejaculation during defecation and micturition occurred later at 8th week of treatment. After he was switched to sertraline 50 mg/day, his erectile dysfunction, premature and spontaneous ejaculation symptoms subsided in 2 weeks. Although reboxetine is reported to be free of sexual side effects, individual vulnerabilities to such unwanted effects should be considered, and sexual dysfunction should be assessed thoroughly during the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Risperidone-induced absence of ejaculation.

The absence of ejaculation in two patients treated with risperidone is described. This side-effect has rarely been reported. The mechanism responsible for ejaculation dysfunction in risperidone treated patients is unclear, but might be due to the alpha1-adrenergic antagonist action of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Men sexually assaulted as adults and sexually abused as boys.

Previous research on sexually victimized men has mainly addressed the acute symptoms seen in hospital emergency rooms and psychiatric clinics. Findings are reported on 14 men, all but 1 of whom had been sexually traumatized much earlier in life, as boys or young adults. Several problem areas are described: repression, denial, or normalization of the trauma; self-blame and shame; posttraumatic stress disorder; male gender identity fragility; sexual orientation ambiguity and internalized homophobia; sexual difficulties; mistrustfulness of adult men; and disturbances of self-esteem and body image. Gender issues in treatment are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗