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Results for “Sexual Harassment”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Perioperative nurses and sexual harassment.

Sexual harassment is widespread in health care. Recent Australian research reveals this type of abuse is a significant cause of stress among perioperative nurses. This article investigates the nature and effects of sexual harassment of RNs in the OR. Specifically it explores the nature of sexual harassment, its occurrence in nursing generally and among perioperative nurses in particular, gender issues, effects, costs, and legal aspects. The article concludes with strategies that can be employed by individual nurses and organizations to combat sexual harassment.

Australia↗
PubMed2000

Test of the cross-cultural generalizability of a model of sexual harassment.

Sexual harassment research has been primarily limited to examination of the phenomena in U.S. organizations; attempts to explore the generalizability of constructs and theoretical models across cultures are rare. This study examined (a) the measurement equivalence of survey scales in U.S. and Turkish samples using mean and covariance structure analysis and (b) the generalizability of the L. F. Fitzgerald, F. Drasgow, C. L. Hulin, M. J. Gelfand, and V. J. Magley (1997) model of sexual harassment to the Turkish context using structural equations modeling. Analyses used questionnaire data from 336 Turkish women and 455 women from the United States. The results indicate that, in general, the survey scales demonstrate measurement equivalence and the pattern of relationships in the Fitzgerald et al. model generalizes to the Turkish culture. These results support the usefulness of the model for explaining sexual harassment experiences in a variety of organizational and cultural contexts.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Forensic aspects of sexual harassment.

Sexual harassment law presents a complex set of issues not only for lawyers but also for psychiatrists in their roles both as evaluators and clinicians. Judge Reinhardt of the US Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit, summed up these complexities: "We tend these days, far more than in earlier times, to find our friends, lovers, and even mates in the workplace. We ... often discover that our interests and values are closer to those of our colleagues or fellow employees than to those of people we meet in connection with other activities. In short, increased proximity breeds increased volitional sexual activity." On the other hand, he notes that Title VII "entitles individuals to a workplace that is free from the evil of sexual intimidation or repression. It is frequently difficult to reconcile the two competing values." He goes on to ask, "When does a healthy constructive interest in romance become sexual harassment? To what extent is pursuit of a co-worker proper but of a subordinate forbidden? Is wooing or courting a thing of the past? Must a suitor cease his attentions at the first sign of disinterest or resistance? Must there be an express agreement before the person seeking romance may even hold the hand of the subject of his affection? Is it now verboten to steal a kiss? In the workplace? Everywhere? Under all circumstances or only some? Has the art of romantic persuasion lost its charm? Questions relating to love and sex are among the most difficult for society to answer." The US Supreme Court has stressed the need for common sense in evaluating cases of sexual harassment. Perhaps psychiatrists can play a sobering role in developing answers to these questions.

Confidentiality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effective responses to sexual harassment.

Sexual harassment is a frequent problem for visiting nurses and other community health workers. The Sexual Harassment Intervention Model is offered as a preliminary method for organizing data for assessment and designing intervention strategies.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2002

Sexual harassment and PTSD: is sexual harassment diagnosable trauma?

Sexual harassment has become a major social, legal, and mental health problem because of its high prevalence and its negative consequences for victims. These consequences can include decreased productivity, loss of job, decreased income, and impaired psychological and physical well-being. Despite evidence from empirical studies that victims often exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, some have argued that sexual harassment does not constitute legitimate trauma. We argue that many forms of sexual harassment meet the diagnostic Criteria A1 and A2 of PTSD. Finally, the DSM-IV trauma criterion is explicated, and its relationship with sexual harassment and its effects are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Measuring sexual harassment: development and validation of the Sexual Harassment Inventory.

Sexual harassment is a pervasive and damaging public health problem, yet the natural history is poorly understood, and research in this area has tended to focus on prevalence reporting. We describe the development and initial validation results of a survey tool, the Sexual Harassment Inventory, that may be helpful in future epidemiologic research. This 20-item instrument can be readily adapted for use in different populations and may be scored to measure the severity as well as the occurrence of sexual harassment. Routine use of this or some other standardized measurement tool would help clarify our understanding of the natural history and health costs of sexual harassment.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexuality, sexual harassment, and sexual humor: guidelines for the workplace in health care.

Sexual humor is common in the health care workplace. However, it may be used inappropriately and present a challenge to the manager. Managers must set appropriate standards for workplace humor. When sexual humor is not effectively handled, legal action may result, which wastes time and money for all involved and damages interpersonal relationships.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Sexual harassment and prior sexual trauma among African-American and white American women.

This study examined the relationship between sexual harassment in work, educational, and social settings and sexual abuse in childhood and/or adulthood in a stratified community sample of 248 African-American and white American women. The cumulative impact of sexual victimization on women's sense of general well-being was also examined. Those most likely to be sexually harassed in work and social settings were women with contact sexual abuse histories, regardless of ethnicity. The work status of harassers of women with sexual abuse histories differed significantly by ethnic group. Although women with prior sexual abuse experiences from both ethnic groups most frequently reported a response to sexual harassment at work, they least frequently did so in social settings. A history of childhood sexual abuse was more negatively associated with African- American women's well-being than were repeated experiences of sexual violence. Future research should address the implications of ethnic and cultural issues on the cumulative impact of incidents of sexual violence on women of color.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Harassment, sexual abuse, and safety of the female athlete.

Sexual harassment and abuse by authority figures in sports are discussed in relation to how female athletes might improve their personal safety to guard against such practices. The origins of sport research on this theme are traced, and the processes of sexual harassment and abuse are identified. Risk factors for the coach, the athlete, and the sport are presented, and, finally, sources of prevention measures for coaches, athletes, parents, and clubs are provided.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School-based peer sexual harassment.

Peer sexual harassment in schools is an often overlooked problem that contributes to a hostile school environment: one major study found that 85% of girls and 76% of boys reported experiencing some form of sexual harassment in school. This article describes the extent and impact of peer sexual harassment in schools and the responses of the victims, school personnel, and perpetrators to peer sexual harassment. It discusses and analyzes the evolution of peer sexual harassment lawsuits and the recent U.S. Supreme Court decision concerning such actions. It concludes steps that social workers and other school personnel should take to prevent or alleviate such problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Controlling liability for sexual harassment complaints.

A sexual harassment suit can cost a dentist thousands or even millions of dollars. This article focuses on how an employer can control liability for sexual harassment complaints. Sexual harassment and the employer's corresponding liabilities and duties are defined. The proper response to a sexual harassment complaint--conducting a prompt investigation reasonably calculated to end the harassment--is also detailed. It is through such an investigation that the employer can restrict or avoid liability for sexual harassment.

California↗
PubMed1995

Ending the silent conspiracy: sexual harassment in nursing.

Sexual harassment in health care institutions presents a formidable challenge for nurse leaders as solutions and accountabilities get mired in power, politics, and a historical tradition of secrecy and silence. Harassment is devastating to all individuals, but especially to women because it blatantly violates the victim's personal autonomy and individual sense of equality. Sexual harassment lingers in the corridors of all types of organizations, preying on women as they struggle to overcome cultural and socially imposed barriers. Nurse executives must learn the subtle complexities surrounding harassment, voice strong opposition against harassment, and take swift and comprehensive action to prevent sexual harassment.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Are men sexually harassed? If so, by whom?

Research on sexual harassment has recently expanded to include examination of men's experiences. Such research, however, has ignored the power dynamics involved in sexual harassment and typically assumed exclusively heterosexual situations. We examine legal cases illustrating the many forms that male-male harassment may take and the complex array of situations in which such harassment occurs. We then report the frequencies of experiences of harassment in three large samples of working men as well as the sex of the perpetrators of the harassment. Finally, we examine men's evaluations of these situations to determine the degree to which they found them to be harassing in a psychological sense. Our results indicate that men experience potentially sexually harassing behaviors from other men at least as often as they do from women; however, men in all samples reported relatively few negative reactions to these experiences. Future research should examine the predictors and outcomes of such situations to clarify the meaning of such behavior for male targets.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Sexual harassment in nursing.

Sexual harassment is a problem faced by women in the workplace which can lead to adverse psychological consequences as well as impaired work performance. Sexual harassment is about the abuse of power and status rather then merely being about sex per se and has to be viewed in the context of institutionalized male power. Although there is a relative dearth of research, there is increasing evidence that sexual harassment of nurses is common and that it can have adverse effects on nurses physical and psychological health as well as a direct impact on patient care. Nursing, by its very nature of having to care for patients bodily needs, transgresses normal social rules regarding bodily contact. This is exploited by the perpetrator who relies on nurses' caring attitude to be able to harass. A descriptive model of the processes involved in harassment is presented which offers the possibility of being able to intervene at a number of points in the process. Interventions need to be aimed at both individual and organizational levels if there is to be a prospect of reducing a major occupational stressor for nurses.

Australia↗